1. BLUETOOTH
TECHNOLOGY
Presented By:
Hassan Razzaq BTN-B5-06
M. Ahmad BTN-B5-12

2. Contents
• Introduction
• History
• Technology Review
• Applications
• Advantages of Bluetooth Technology
• Disadvantages of Bluetooth Technology
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
Bluetooth is a short-range and low power wireless
technology originally developed for exchanging data over
short distances from fixed and mobile devices, creating
personal area networks (PANs).
• Short-range radio frequency technology that operates at
2.4 GHz on an Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band.
• Effective range of Bluetooth devices is 10 meters.
• It was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to data
cables.

4. Value proposition of Bluetooth
Cordless
headset
mouse
Cell Data access
phone point
Internet access
Cable replacement
Ad hoc networking

5. History
• The word "Bluetooth" is taken from the 10th century
Danish King Harald Bluetooth, he had been influential
in uniting Scandinavian tribes into a single kingdom.
• Bluetooth was named so because
1) Bluetooth technology was developed in
Scandinavia.
2) Bluetooth technology is able to unite differing
industries such as the cell phone, computing, and
automotive markets.

6. Comparison with other Technologies
• 802.11
802.11 has higher bit rate as compared to
Bluetooth. But has higher power consumption.
Basically a LAN Technology so not a competitor
to Bluetooth.
• IrDA (Infrared Data Association)
IrDA is low cost but require line of sight and it is
only point to point technology.
• Home RF
Home RF is competing technology but Bluetooth
has better position in market.

7. Technology Review
• Bluetooth uses a radio technology called
frequency –hoping spread spectrum.
• Supports data rate of 1 Mbps.
• The Bluetooth specifications are developed
and licensed by the Bluetooth Special
Interest Group (SIG).

8. Classes Of Bluetooth
Bluetooth devices are classified according to
three different power classes, as shown in the
following table.

9. Piconets
Two or more Bluetooth units sharing the same channel.
• One device acts as a master and the devices connected
to it act as slaves.
• Slaves can not directly send data to each other.
• In effect, the master acts as a switch for the piconet
and all traffic must pass through the master.
• There can be up to 7 active slaves in a piconet but only
one master.

10. Scatternets
A set of two or more interconnected Piconets is called Scatternets.
• A Bluetooth unit can be a slave in two or more piconets, but it can
be a master in only one.
• Devices that participate in two or more piconets may act as
“gateways.”
• Bluetooth units can only transmit and receive data in one piconet
at a time.
• Piconets may be identified by the master's identity and clock.
• Devices give notification of inactivation to master before becoming
inactive in its piconet for a finite length of time.

11. Setting up Connection
• Any Bluetooth device will transmit the
following sets of information on demand:
• Device name.
• Device class.
• List of services.
• Technical information, for example, device
features, manufacturer, Bluetooth
specification, clock offset.

12. • Any device may perform an inquiry to find other devices to
which to connect, and any device can be configured to
respond to such inquiries. However, if the device trying to
connect knows the address of the device, it always
responds to direct connection requests and transmits the
information shown in the list above if requested. Use of
device services may require pairing or acceptance by its
owner, but the connection itself can be started by any
device and held until it goes out of range.
• Every device has a unique 48-bit address. However these
addresses are generally not shown in inquiries. Instead,
friendly Bluetooth names are used, which can be set by the
user. This name appears when another user scans for
devices and in lists of paired devices.

13. Pairing
• Pairs of devices may establish a trusted relationship by
learning a shared secret known as a passkey . A device
that wants to communicate only with a trusted device
can cryptographically authenticate the identity of the
other device. Trusted devices may also encrypt the
data that they exchange over the air so that no one
can listen in. The encryption can, however, be turned
off, and passkeys are stored on the device file system,
not on the Bluetooth chip itself. Since the Bluetooth
address is permanent, a pairing is preserved, even if
the Bluetooth name is changed. Pairs can be deleted at
any time by either device.

14. Frequency –Hoping Spread Spectrum
• The protocol operates in the license-free ISM
band at 2.4-2.4835 GHz. To avoid interfering with
other protocols that use the 2.45 GHz band, the
Bluetooth protocol divides the band into
79 channels (each 1 MHz wide) and changes
channels up to 1600 times per second.
Implementations with versions 1.1 and 1.2 reach
speeds of 723.1 Kbit/s. Version 2.0
implementations feature Bluetooth Enhanced
Data Rate (EDR) and reach 2.1 Mbit/s.

15. Bluetooth Protocol Stack
• LMP
The Link Management Protocol (LMP) is used for set-up and
control of the radio link between two devices.
• L2CAP
The Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)
Used to multiplex multiple logical connections between
two devices using different higher level protocols.
• SDP
The Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) allows a device to
discover services offered by other devices, and their
associated parameters.

16. Applications
• Wireless control of and communication between a mobile
phone and a hands-free headset or car kit. This was one of
the earliest applications to become popular.
• Wireless networking between PCs in a confined space and
where little bandwidth is required.
• Wireless communications with PC input and output
devices, the most common being the mouse, keyboard and
printer.
• Transfer of contact details, calendar appointments, and
reminders between mobile phones with Computers.
• Replacement of traditional wired serial communications in
test equipment, GPS receivers, medical equipment, bar
code scanners, and traffic control devices.

17. Advantages
• Bluetooth is used widely across countries and
almost by everyone.
• It has simple features.
• It is free of charge and not added to our budget.
• It allow us to stay cord free.
• It has the ability to keep our information private.
• Bluetooth isn't requires a line of sight.
• It provides ranges of up to 100 meters.

18. Disadvantages
• More battery power when Bluetooth is enable on
the phone all day.
• Throughout all device, when using Bluetooth
internet, the connection sometimes may run very
slow so Bluetooth internet is not highly
suggested for all cases.
• The only real downside s are the data rate and
security. Infrared can have data rates of up to 4
M Bps, which provides very fast rates for data
transfer, while Bluetooth only offers 1 M Bps

19. Conclusion
• Bluetooth is a short range radio link wireless
technology used to connect various device by
a invisible link getting rid of wires.
• Last but not the least, WHENEVER THINK OF
WIRELESS,”THINK BLUETOOTH”, this is the
best way of communication.