Prof ed

1. EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEMS OF SELECTED
COUNTRIES OF THE
WORLD
Prepared by:
Hazel Nair Laroza Kumar
BTVTED-ET2

2. Educational system of Australia

3. Basic education
•Australia, called by many as the last paradise on
earth, has a high quality education system. Many
students from all over the world go to Australia
to study. The educational system in Australia is
similar with that of Canada and England.
Primary school is for six years, high school, six
years and for college or university, three to six
years.

4. High school is divided into junior high school
(year 7-year 10) and senior high school (year 11-
year 12) but these vary from state to state. During
the junior high school studies, most Australian
students decide what to do after high school.
Students who intend to go to college continue year
11 and year 12 to prepare for college or university
entrance examination. Other students may get a
job after year 10 or go to a Technical and Further
Education (TAFE) College to learn technical
skills.

5. •The entry age of compulsory education is 6 years old
and exit age, 15 years old. Primary education is
provided by government and non- government primary
schools. The length of the is six years for 6 years old
to 12 years old children. However, in most states,
children start primary school at the age of five
kindergarten year. When they enroll in preparatory or
After the primary school, the junior secondary level
which is for four years comes next. The age level of
children in this level is from 12 to 16 years old. At the
end of the Junior secondary level, a Junior Secondary
Education (Year 10 Certificate) is awarded.

6. The government, non-government Co-Educational
Comprehensive/Multi-Pur pose High School provides junior
secondary level of educa of Certificatetion A senior secondary
level is provided for two years af. Ter the junior secondary
level. Students are years old in this level. Senior secondary
level is no compulsory education. It is being offered by
government and non-government providers. A Senior
Secondary Certificate of Education (Year 12 Certificate) is
awarded at the end of the senior secondary level. From 16 to
18 longerFrom the primary to the secondary levels, most
students are enrolled in government schools which operate
under the direct responsibility of the State or Territory
Education Min- ister. The federal government provides
supplementary finan- cial support.

7. Higher Education
• The main purposes of Australian Higher Education are: 1) to
enable individuals to develop their capabilities for ef fective
participation in the workforce, for constructive con- tribution
to society and for personal growth and fulfillment; 2) to
advance knowledge and understanding; 3) aid the plication of
knowledge and understanding for the benefit of the economy
and the society; 5) enable individuals to adapt and learn,
consistent with the needs of an adaptable knowl- edge-based
economy at the local, regional and national lev- els; 5)
contribute to democratic civilized society. Australian
universities are autonomous self-accredited institutions
established by Federal, State or Territory legislations.

8. • Academic year in Australia begins in March and ends in
November. The long vacation comes from December 1to
February 28 of every year. The language of instruction
University level studies begin with the undergraduate level.
To be admitted, a Senior Secondary Certificate of Education
is required. The main stage of university educa tion leads to a
bachelor's degree. Undergraduate studies last between three
years, (Arts, Science, commerce) four years (Education,
Engineering) five years, (Veterinary Science, Dentistry,
Architecture) and six years (Medicine and Sur- gery) fulltime.
Arts and Sciences usually offer either a bachelor degree
(Pass) obtained in three years or a bachelor's degree
(Honours) obtained in four years.

9. An honours degree is normally required for university level
sec-is Englishond stage: postgraduate studies. A graduate with
a bachelor’s degree can proceed to a one-year to two-year post
graduate course leading to a postgraduate diploma. A student
who has qualified for a bachelor’s degree (Honours) may
proceed to a master’s degree. This degree may be obtained
after one year (pass degree) or two years (honours degree) of
full time study.A student who has qualified for a bachelor’s
degree (Honours) may proceed to study for a doctorate usually
Ph.D., higher doctorate in Science (DSSC) or Humanities
(Dlitt) upon submission of published work are awarded the
degrees. (Educational System in Australia.www.gecau.com/
english/edu-ausie.htm

10. Educational system of China

11. • The most populous country of the world is China. With over 200
million students attending public schools taught by over 9 million
teachers in the elementary, junior and senior high schools, it is the
largest educational system of the world. (Wang, 1996; Nanjundiah,
1996) The education system is highly centralized. The course syllabi
are written by scientists and professors hired by the National
Educational Commission. The subject matter and instructional
contents are uniform for all The first six years of school make up the
primary grades which is devoted to development of cognitive skills,
and this is followed by another six years of high schools. Class size
ranged from 40 to 60 students and the students have to cover all ties in
order to pass national examinations Students wishing to top attend
university must pass one of the two versions of the National
University Entrance Examination. The quality and reputation of the
school will depend on the number of students passing the examination
(Changbin, 1995; Kwang, 2000)

12. • Education, one of the fundamental Chinese traditions tered to
a new era of deep transformation after 1949. Educa en- tion
was used as a vital tool for centralization and unification of
the country. The new educational system include:
• six years of primary education.
• Three years of junior middle school, three years of senior
middle school.
• Six years of university
• varieties of technical and vocation schools. The problems in
Chinese education are diverse, from elitism to social
alienation. Key point schools were established in primary and
secondary institutions as well. With the Chinese’s open door
policy, the country entered into a rapid development even in
education.

13. Educational system of Japan

14. The Japanese education system is highly centralized and is
administered by the Mombusho or Ministry of Education. The
school system from kindergarten through university serves
about 24 million students, with about ten percent going to the
University. About one third go to the private schools and the
rest are enrolled in the public of national school system.
(Abner, 2002) The Japanese educational system is sometimes
seen as a model of how to operate schools. The system gives a
mental picture of obedient, quiet school children sitting on
their desks, listening to the teacher and working hard to pass
the various entrance examinations.

15. • In 2005, a book Japan in the 21” Century: Environ- ment,
Economy and Society says:
• Japan’s educational system produces students who perform
far better on international examinations than Americans do,
and Japanese students are indisputably among the best in the
world in solving mathematical equations… Youngsters are
well behaved, envied around and law abiding: Japan’s low
crime rates are well known and widely envied around the
world. But what is even more striking than the lack of crime
is the overwhelming civility graffiti and vandalism are rare
and school sports teams not only bow to each other before the
game but rush over to the opposing teams stand after the
game to pay their respect. (The Japanese Educational System.
www.bookiemice.net/darkchilde/japan/jeduc.html)

16. Basic education structure of Japanese educational system
• The Japanese educational system is divided into five basic levels: kindergarten, elementary
school (six years) lower secondary school (three years) upper secondary school (three years)
and university (usually around four years) There are also preschools (vochien) with mainly
female teachers. These are not official part of the educational system. Prefectural boards
license teachers, appoint teachers to public elementary and lower secondary schools and also
license preschools in their area. In Japan, education is free and compulsory for children from
6 to 15 years. Classes are large and teaching methods is usually lecture. Japanese students
spend 243 days a year in school. The school calendar is year-round with some breaks between
sessions. Standard curriculum includes Japanese language, social studies, math and science
along with art, music, home econom- ics, physical education, the most emphasis being given
to learn- ing the Japanese language. Lower secondary schools cover grade seven, eight and
nine. Men compose two-thirds of the teachers in this level. Class size average 38 and the
periods are fifty minutes long. Upper secondary schools offer academic, technical and
vocational programs. The first year courses include Japanese language, English, Science and
Math. Vocational course includes information processing, navigation, fish farming, ceramics
and business English. The upper secondary schools are ranked based on their success in
placing graduating students into pres- tigious Universities.

17. Higher education
• Junior colleges by women who want to pursue courses stress home economics,
nursing, teaching, humanities and so-cial science. There are various universities
that students can attend in Japan. Private institutions make up 80% of university
enrol- ments although the public schools have the most prestige. To get into the
universities (there are more than 500) the studen must take two exams, the first
one is a national achievement test and the second one given by the university itself
Th competition is quite fierce and some students who fail the tes will take another
year to study and prepare to take the test again. These students are called ronin,
which originally mean samurai Sixty percent of the universities have graduate
schools, but only seven per cent of university graduate gets Master’s degrees. At
the doctorate level, students enroll in medical programs and the humanities.
Japanese education relies heavily upon examinations I determine which schools
the student will go to next, resulting in a push by students and parents (usually
mothers) for their children to study very hard for the test so that he or she can get
into the best schools. The entire educational system seem to be built on a principle
that if you do well in exams, you will get into good schools, or universities and
automatically into a good life-time job.

18. Educational system of South Africa

19. • In South Africa, the Constitution guarantees equal access to
basic education. The identified values and principles of South
African education include equity and redress, access to basic
education opportunities for lifelong learning, quality, in terms
of providing learners with learning opportunities of
acceptable standards, efficiency, democratic participation,
sustainability of development and relevance of education.
The Ministry of Education in May 1994 was tasked to deal
with education and training at the national level. (South
Africa. www.columbia.edu.mtd2002/educ-
policy/educ_sys.html)

20. Structure and organization of the Educational System in
Basic Education
• Formal education in South Africa is categorized into sectors or levels. These sectors are closely
linked to particular levels: namely, public ordinary school education, independent school
education, special school education, technical college education, teacher training, technikon
and university training A public school may be an ordinary public school or a public school for
learners with special educational needs. The levels are pre-primary, primary, secondary and
higher education. Compulsory General Education and Training (GET) covers the reception
year, Grades R to Grade IX. The General Education and Training corresponds to Level I of the
National Qualifications Framework (NOF) and is divided into three phases: foundation
(Grades R-111) intermediate (Grades IV-VI) and senior (Grades VII-IX) As a rule, children
start primary education in the year when they turn 7 years old. Primary edu cation is divided
into junior primary (Grades 1-111) and senior primary (Grades IV-VI). Grades VII-IX is the
last stage of compulsory education and will lead to General Education and Training Certificate,
Further Education and Training (FET) or senior secondary education (Grades X-XII) is not
compulsory. At the end of Grade XII, students sit a public examination lead- ing to senior
Certificate. Technical secondary education which generally lasts for three years are offered in
technical centers, high schools and vocational schools

21. • The eight learning areas that form the basis of all basic
education up to the Further Education Training (FET) certifi
cate are:
• Language, Literacy and Communication
• Mathematical Literacy, Mathematics and Mathematical
Science
• Natural Science
• Technology
• Human and Social Science
• Economics and Management Science
• Arts and Culture
• Life Orientation

22. Higher Educational System
• Tertiary and higher education correspond to Level 5-8 of the National Qualification
Framework (NQF) which is more advanced than the Senior Certificate. Institutions of higher
edu- cation include colleges, technikons and universities. Most colleges of education offer a
three-year programme leading to the Di- ploma in Education (four year for higher diplomas).
Nursing colleges and hospital schools of nursing offer four year course leading to a diploma.
Agricultural colleges offer one year cer- tificate, two-year higher certificate and three year
diploma courses. Technikons also offer bachelor’s (four year course) master’s and doctoral
degree programmes in technology. Master’s degrees (magister technologiae) usually require a
mini- mum of one year of study, the doctorates (Laureatus in Tech- nology/Doctor
Technologiae) at least two years. An honours degree requires one additional year of study. A
master’s degree is obtained after one or two year of study and the minimum time to complete
a doctorate is two years. One school year consists of forty-one week (196 schools days)
which is divided into four terms. Other relevant sectors of the educational structure includes
special education, private education or independent schools, a japanese Educational System.
www.bookmice.net/darkchild/japan/ and non-formal and HIV/AIDS education. (The Jap
jeduc html.) Educationalols

23. Educational System in United
Kingdom

24. • In England, education is compulsory for children ages 5-16. Most
children attend primary schools until they are then transfer to
secondary schools. In the primary school the and mov. Subjects are
taught by the same teacher for a year before r ing on to the next
teacher and next grade level on the next s (Sadker, 2002) year.
• The National Curriculum is defined as the minimum edu cational
requirement for compulsory school age, 5 to 16- It is mandatory for all
state schools to provide a balanced broadly based curriculum which
promotes spiritual, moral, cul tural, mental and physical development,
prepares them for c portunities, responsibilities and experiences of
adult life. It in- op. cludes religious education and for secondary
students sex and career education. Almost all the schools whether
private or state choose to follow the national curriculum. (England

25. Basic education
• The national curriculum core subjects include English, Mathematics, and Science. Each key
level has definite sis that gradually becomes more advanced as the level progresses.
• 1. Foundation Stage- This is included in the national curricu- lum which covers children
aged 3-5 years, but does p have a strong mandate as to what needs to happen during these
years of schooling as it is not yet mandatory.
• 2. Key Stage One- It includes children aged 5-7 years and year groups grades 1-2. It
mandates core subjects include ing English, Mathematics and Science and non-core foun-
dation subjects as design/technology, history, art/design, music and physical education.
Other statutory areas are religious education, the format of which is decided by lo- cal
education authorities (LEAS) or by the faith in which the school was founded.
• 3. Key Stage Two – It includes children aged 7 to 11 and year groups 3-6. It mandates the
same core and non core foun- dation subjects, with more emphasis on more difficult top-
ics and the addition of sex education to additional statutory areas which is left up to the
policy of school governors (school board).

26. • 4 Key Stage Three-It includes children aged 11-14 years and year
groups 7-9. h mandates the same basics in Key Stages One and Two, but
odds Foreign Language, and Information/Communication Technology to
the mix while adding appropriate difficulty to the core subjects
• 5. Key Stage Four- It includes those aged 14-16 and year groups 10-11.
It covers the statutory program of study that must be taught to all
students. Most schools include in their of the five subject areas which
are English, Math, Science, Information and Communication
Technology (ICT), and Physical Education.
• 6. Post 16 Education –It is not mandatory in England. Students can
either continue education or enter the work ing world. Some secondary
schools go beyond the 11-16 mandate to 11-18 and the student may stay
there. If the high school does not offer these ‘Sixth Form” extra years.
The student may go to a “Further Education College” (FEC).

27. The following certificates or diploma can be awarded in the Post 16
Education.
General Certificate of Education (GCE), a level comprising
advanced subsidiary (AS) and A2, each of these usually containing three
assessed units.
Vocational Certificate of Education (VCE)-a level, dealing with the
more applied aspects of the subject; they are available in three, six, and
twelve unit sizes, they replaced the advanced General National
Vocational Qualifications
Foundation and Intermediate GNVQ are widely used 16-19
Key skills qualifications at levels 1-4 of the National Qualifications
framework.

28. Higher education
• In 1992, the binary divide in the higher education system was
abolished. Former polytechnics became universities enabling
them to award their own degrees. Divisions continue to label
pre-1992 universities as the “old” universities and former
polytechnics as the “new” universities. Universities are not
only concerned with the undergraduate and postgraduate
teaching. Higher education system in the UK needs to include
reference to the Open University as a major provider of the
under- graduate and postgraduate degrees for adults. The
Open University pioneered the way for opening access by
offering greater flexibility for adult learners through distance
learning. Programs.

29. • Students studying at a university for their first degree I called
“undergraduates Once a student has graduated, he/she are are or
Bachelor of becomes a “graduate” of the university. Ordinary degree
programmes in the UK universities are usually 3-year courses
Undergraduates completing these programmes successfully I awarded
either a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) C Science (B. Sc) degree are not
permitted to place B.A or B.Sc after their names honors degree
programmes are usually four-year courses. The degree title is extended
to B.A. (Hons.) and B (Hons.), respectively. Masters degree is usually
achieved after two more years study following an Ordinary or an
Honour degree. The students are awarded M.A. or M.Sc. A doctorate
is normally awarded after several years (three years full time) of
research under the direction of a member of a department in the
possession of a doctorate and the presentation of a doctoral
dissertation or thesis.

30. Educational System in the United
States of America

31. • The levels of education in the U.S. are similar to those in
other countries. There are public and private colleges, schools
and universities in the United States. The public schools a
funded, in part, by a city, and/or state, and and/or federal
government. Students living in the city or state pay less
tuition because some tax money is used to subsidize the
tuition. Non- US would pay more, since they would not be
residents of the city or state where the college or university is
located. Private colleges and universities are supported
primarily by tuition and private contributions. All students
must pay the same are tuition no matter where they come
from.

32. Structure and organization of basic education
• Pre-primary education- Type of school providing this edu cation are
kindergarten, nursery schools, preschool programmes, child/day care centers.
• Age level is 4-6 years old and the duration is 2 years. Primary education-
elementary school- There are varied levels of schooling in the primary
education.
• - Grades 1 to 4 – children are from ages 6 to 10. transition to middle school
• - Grades 1 to5- children are from ages 6 to 11 – transition to middle school
• - Grades 1 to 6-children are from ages 6 to 12 – transition to junior high
school
• Grades I to 7- children are from ages 6 to 14 –transition to junior high school

33. Middle school education- Grades 4-6, 5-7, or 6-8 age level is
from 10-14 length of the is 3 years.
Secondary education-high school-Grades 7-12 or 8-12 ages
12-18 years old high school diploma is awarded.
2 levels Junior high school
Grades 7-8, 7-9, or 8-9
Ages 12-14 years old
Senior high school
Grades 9-12, or 10-12
Ages 14-18 years old.
Duration of compulsory education is from entry of 6 years old
to exit of 18 years old.

34. Higher education
• Higher education in the U.S. begins at the post secondary education. It is a diverse and autonomous
community of. Publicly and privately supported institutions. Current data states that there are some 2,819
institutions offering Bachelor’s or higher degrees and 4, 927 institutions offering shorter non-degrees of two
years duration. These higher education institu- tions are classified according to the following categories:
• Research universities (I and II)- Comprehensive doctorate granting institutions that have extensive theoretical
and applied research in a wide variety of programs.
• Doctorate- granting universities (I and II)-Universities offering comprehensive studies but awards Doctorate in
limited fields or areas.
• Master’s (Comprehensive) universities and colleges (1 and II)- Institutions offering academic and professional
programmes at the Bachelor’s and Master’s levels but do not award research doctorate.
• Baccalaureate (Liberal Arts) Colleges (I and II)-Institutions offering Bachelor’s degrees but not higher. –
• Associate of Arts colleges- They offer academic and professional or occupational studies at the Associate
Degree level including public community colleges and public and private junior colleges.
• Professional school and other specialized institutions-Institutions that offer only one or few related courses in
the professional or academic with degree levels from associate to research doctorates.
• Postsecondary vocational and technical schools- Institutions

35. • Offering short non-degree training programs of less than two years
duration, leading to certificates or diplomasi occupational specialtie
for post secondary education. Generally, American students s start
some Post secondary education- There is no real age categories college
right after completing high school (About 60% of all students who
graduate from high school enter college at s point in their life) Junior
and technical colleges are designed to be 4-year programs at the
undergraduate level. In reality, the average American takes over 6
years to finish a four year degree. The reason is that more than 500%
of college freshmen do not know what major or specialization they
wish to study. Also many students work to pay for college expenses.
Thus they may take fewer classes in order to work.
• Vocational and technical schools operate at either the high school or
junior college levels. They teach skills such as such as secretarial,
auto-mechanics, photography, and nursing. College and University
Education- A college usually has a Bachelor’ (4) years program.

36. A university may be composed of several colleges (for example, the
college of medicine and the college of engineering). Universities often
have graduate programs as well. For most purposes, a Bachelor’s degree
from a college is equivalent to a Bachelor’s degree from a Univer- sity,
so that the two words “college” and “university” mean the same thing to
most Americans. Generally, the value of a degree is a reflection of how
society views the particular college or uni- versity. From a Bachelor’s
degree a student can proceed to a graduate program for master’s degree
or a doctorate degree. For non-residents of the US, a TOEFEL is
required and a Graduate Record Examination or GRE is a must.
Classes begin in September and end in June of every year. The language
of instruction is English. (United States of America-Education System.
www.ibe.unesco.org/)

37. Education in New Zealand

38. New Zealand education system is world-class, modern
and with innovation, creativity and fresh thinking to
produce learners responsive. It combines proven,
traditional principles of education and citizens equipped
for the 21” century (New Zealand Ministry of
Education, 2012).

39. Basic Education
School is compulsory for all children in New Zealand from age 6 to 16.
Children are eligible for free education if they are New Zealand citizens or
residents, or if they qualify as domestic student. The average number of
students to a teacher in every classroom is 18 to 1 in primary schooling and 15
to 1 in secondary schooling in state schools. There are three types of schools in
New Zealand: state-funded, state integrated and private.
• There is a national curriculum which is set out as a learning requirements for
all state schools. In basic education there are key competencies and shared
vision, principles and values.

40. The core subjects include:
- English
- Health and Physical education
- Language
- Mathematics and statistics
- Science
- Social Technology
- Technology
- The Arts

41. Secondary schools may add other subjects such as accounting, art history, media studies and
specialized science and language studies. There are five competencies covered by the
national curriculum. These are:
1. thinking
2. using language, symbols, and texts-different ways to communicate and understand
information.
3. managing self- a “can-do” attitude
4. relating to others- being able to listen, see different points of view and share ideas.
5. participating and contributing-big a group member and including others
The national curriculum includes a vision for the young people to be confident, lifelong
earners. It also requires the importance of different cultures to value:
excellence (aiming high and sticking at it)
innovation,
inquiry and curiosity (thinking, exploring and creating)

42. Diversity (different cultures, languages, and backgrounds)
respect (for themselves, for others, for human rights)
equity (fairness and justice)
community and participation (taking part)
ecological sustainability (caring for the environment)
integrity (being honest and responsible)

43. New Zealand Levels of Education
Schooling Level Years/Grades Age
Early Childhood Pre-school Birth-5 years
Primary school Years 1-8 5-13
Intermediate school
Not always applicable as
some primary schools include
these years,
Years 7-8 11-13
Secondary School
Also known as College/High
School/Grammar School
Years 7-13 11-17 or 18
Tertiary
Also includes
Institute of Technology and
Polytechnics
University or Similar 17 onwards

44. Primary schools. New Zealand law requires all children aged six years
and over to be in schools. Most begin as they turn five years old. For the
first three years in primary education, one grade level each year,
children are moved to another five more years before going to
secondary school.
Secondary schools. Students progress through five levels and must stay
until age 17-18. In the first two years of secondary, grade 9 and 10, all
students learn English, Mathematics, Science and Technology, social
studies, arts, physical education and health education. Optional subjects
in the first two years of secondary schools may include economics,
history, geography, electronics, sewing, keyboard skills, drama,
journalism, French, Japanese and Maori. In the last 3 years of secondary
school, there is a wide range of subjects to choose from.

45. Years 12 and 13, the last two years, may suit overseas students
who wish to progress to tertiary education in New Zealand.
There is a National Certificate in Educational Achievement
students. There are three NCEA qualifications: Level 1, Level
2, (NCEA) in New Zealand’s national qualification for schools
Level 3.

46. School Term
The New Zealand school year is divided into four terms for primary,
intermediate and secondary schools. Students have a six-week summer
holiday break and three two-week breaks between each of the four
terms. The exact dates change from year to year. School day usually
begins at 9:00 am and ends at 3:00 pm or 3:30 pm.
The terms are;
Term 1- Early February until mid-April
Term 2- Late April until the beginning of July
Term 3- Mid-July until later September
Term 4- Mid-October until Mid-December

47. Higher Education
Universities in New Zealand
There are eight government-funded universities in New Zealand
and all have internationally respected academic and research
standards. A university education is open to anyone who meets the
common standards prescribed by the New Zealand Qualifications
Authority (NZQA). However universities often have higher entry
criteria for specific courses like medicine and dentistry. Students
can work towards bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees as well
as diplomas at various levels. The academic year for Universities
start in March to November, however, there are also courses in the
universities that start in July. Summer semester courses may be
available.

48. Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics
New Zealand Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics
are state-owned. They offer courses that are equivalent
in merit to those offered as degrees in universities.
There are 20 polytechnic and technology institutes in
the country. They also offer short- term courses that
may begin any time of the year.

49. Colleges of Education in most cases are merged with regional
universities. Course content and start dates are synchronized
with the Universities. There is a close relationship between the
Colleges of Education and the Ministry of Education in the in-
service trainings of teachers which are available on site or on-
line. Short term courses are being offered for the professional
development of teachers. There is a very strong program to
develop indigenous culture and education. Most Colleges of
Education have extended their services to public schools in
their areas. The public school teachers also help in the
development of the pre-service teachers by acting as mentor
during their teaching practicum.

50. Private Training Institutions and English
Language Programs
There are around 800 private education providers in the
country, many of which are offering short-term English
language courses. Some also offer courses in specific
areas like business, computing ad design. These private
training institutions are registered and accredited by
New Zealand Qualifications Authority.

51. Education in the Philippines

52. As you learn about education in other countries, it
would be best. To also know, the kind of education that
we have in the Philippines. The bold reform taken by
the Department of Education, this section will introduce
the basic information on the current implementation of
some K to 12 Curriculum and the forthcoming higher
education programs.

53. Basic Education (K to 12)
The K to 12 basic education in the Philippines consists of Kindergarten, six (6)
years of elementary, four (4) years of junior high. School and two (2) years of senior
high school. Kindergarten became in SY 2012-2013. The teaching in Kindergarten
is built around six domains.
From Grades 1 to 10, is a core of academic subjects taught using the spiral
progression approach. This means that the same concepts are taught across subject
areas in increasing breadth and depth.
The subjects from Grades 1 to 10 are Languages (Mother Tongue, Filipino,
English), Math, Science, Social Studies, Technology and Livelihood Education
(TLE) and Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health. (MAPEH). Mother Tongue
is used as the medium of instruction from K to Grade 3 and is taught as a subject
only in Grades 1, 2 and 3. Science as a subject is taught only beginning Grade 3.
TLE is taught starting Grade 4 until Grade 10.

54. In Grades 11 and 12, the subjects are Languages (Filipino and Career
English), Math, Science, Social Studies combined with TLE Pathways.
The focus in Grades 11 and 12 is on the specialization subjects that
equip the learner for the career path of his/her choice These career paths
come in 3 tracks- academic, techvoc and sports and arts. Those college
bound choose the academic specialization. Those who wish to continue
the TLE specialization they had in Grade 9 and Grade 10 may choose
the techvoc track. Another track can be sports and arts.
Elementary Education is concerned with the learners’ mastery of basic
skills and competencies. Secondary education is geared towards the
consolidation of these knowledge and skills mastered at the elementary
level and is focused on equipping the learner with employable gainful
skills or preparing him/her for middle level skills development or higher
education.

55. The new Philippine Basic Education ladder is shown in the
chart below: The K to 12 Basic Education Program
Level of Schooling Age (Years) Description
Kindergarten 5 PRE-ELEMENTARY
Grade 1 6
Grade 2 7
Grade 3 8 ELEMENTARY (6 years)
Grade 4 9
Grade 5 10
Grade 6 11
Grade 7 12
Grade 8 13 JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL (4 years)
Grade 9 14
Grade 10 15
Grade 11 16 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL (2 years)
Grade 12 17

56. Higher Education
Currently, students who graduate in high school
consisting of four years may proceed to colleges,
universities or technical vocational institutions, which
are classified as higher education institutions. Higher
education institutions are supervised by a government
agency called the Commission on Higher Education or
CHED.

57. Majority of the higher education institutions in the country require
entrance examination for admission to college degree programs. Most
college degree programs are four years for baccalaureate degrees. Other
highly specialized field like medicine and law take around eight years to
complete. For technical vocation education or post secondary education,
there are two- year courses. Most of the college degree programs require
passing a licensure examination for the specific profession. Some
examples are Nursing, Dentistry, Medical Technology, Engineering,
Medicine and Teaching. The examinations are given by the Professional
Regulation Commission (PRC) while for Law, the examination is given
by the Supreme Court.
After completing the bachelor’s or baccalaureate degrees, courses in the
master’s program of two years and doctoral programs for three to five
years are offered by authorized colleges and universities. Most of these
institutions have admission requirements for the specific degrees.

58. Reference
• The Teaching Profession by Purita E. Bilbao

59. END OF PRESENTATION