Clouds & Containers: Hit the High Points and Give it to Me Straight, What's the Difference & Why Should I Care?
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As developers, we hear a non-stop stream of technical-but-marketing messages for containers, orchestration tools, and cloud services. There is extensive overlap in these areas with regard to both means and ends, and it's time to clear the fog and get to the bottom of things. The talk that accompanies these slides gives a quick overview from a hardcore developer's perspective of the following topics: * How can I use containers to develop better software? * What are orchestration tools? Do I need to consider/use them? * How do cloud/PaaS options compare? What are the tradeoffs? * What is the difference? * Why should I care? (Or should I?) In the accompanying session, the presenter discusses several of these technologies, compares them, and deploys real applications to them LIVE to demonstrate subtle differences and tradeoffs each choice imposes upon developers, for better or worse.
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Clouds & Containers: Hit the High Points and Give it to Me Straight, What's the Difference & Why Should I Care?
- 1. Clouds & Containers Hit the High Points and Give it to Me Straight, What’s the Difference & Why Should I Care? Mark Heckler Principal Technologist/Developer Advocate Pivotal Software, Inc. www.thehecklers.org mark@thehecklers.org @MkHeck @MkHeck #cloud #containers
- 2. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Who am I?
- 3. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Who am I? • Author • Speaker • Software Architect/Developer • Java Champion
- 4. @MkHeck #cloud #containers The high points
- 5. @MkHeck #cloud #containers The high points • What is this container stuff of which you speak? • How can I use containers to develop better software? • What are orchestration tools? Do I need to consider/use them? • How do cloud/PaaS options compare? What are the tradeoffs? • What is the difference? • Why should I care? (Or should I?)
- 6. @MkHeck #cloud #containers The high points • What is this container stuff of which you speak? • How can I use containers to develop better software? • What are orchestration tools? Do I need to consider/use them? • How do cloud/PaaS options compare? What are the tradeoffs? • What is the difference? • Why should I care? (Or should I?) From a Developer’s Perspective
- 7. @MkHeck #cloud #containers VMs vs. Containers
- 8. @MkHeck #cloud #containers VMs vs. Containers
- 10. @MkHeck #cloud #containers docker history <imagename> IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE ab735b049e76 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 8088/tcp 0 B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["java" "-jar" 0 B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:8e09773c89fbe67fd 30.1 MB <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c mkdir /jar 0 B <missing> 11 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER Mark Heckler <m 0 B <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c /var/lib/dpkg/info/ca-certificates 418.2 kB <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c set -x && apt-get update && apt- 349.3 MB <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV CA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_V 0 B <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION=8u 0 B <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_VERSION=8u102 0 B <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm 0 B <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c { echo '#!/bin/sh'; echo 'set 87 B <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV LANG=C.UTF-8 0 B <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c echo 'deb http://httpredir.debian. 61 B <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install 1.285 MB <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install 122.6 MB <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install 44.3 MB <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0 B <missing> 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:c6c23585ab140b0b32 123 MB
- 12. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Docker engine optional
- 13. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Docker engine optional • CoreOS rkt • Joyent Triton • Cloud Foundry • …
- 14. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Package Once, Deploy Anywhere
- 15. @MkHeck #cloud #containers How does this make software better? • Portable • Immutable • Faster to build • Lighter to distribute & run • Availability of building blocks, e.g. prebuilt images • Consistent across platforms, stages…everywhere
- 16. @MkHeck #cloud #containers What about orchestration?
- 17. –Frederic Lardinois, TechCrunch “Container orchestration remains a major pain point for developers, even as multiple frameworks like Kubernetes and Mesos now vie for this market.”
- 18. – http://kubernetes.io/ “Production-Grade Container Orchestration” – http://kubernetes.io/docs/whatisk8s/ “Additionally, Kubernetes is not a mere ‘orchestration system’; it eliminates the need for orchestration.” Term soup
- 19. – http://kubernetes.io/ “Production-Grade Container Orchestration” – http://kubernetes.io/docs/whatisk8s/ “Additionally, Kubernetes is not a mere ‘orchestration system’; it eliminates the need for orchestration.” Term soup
- 20. – http://kubernetes.io/ “Production-Grade Container Orchestration” – http://kubernetes.io/docs/whatisk8s/ “Additionally, Kubernetes is not a mere ‘orchestration system’; it eliminates the need for orchestration.” Term soup
- 21. @MkHeck #cloud #containers What IS orchestration? “Back to basics” definition Orchestration is a construct/toolset that: • handles deployments • allows for the management of multiple containers as one unit • maintains targeted instance counts, e.g. scaling
- 22. @MkHeck #cloud #containers “Or”chestration Some of the ORs… • Routing • Load balancing • Service registry • Application configuration • etc.
- 23. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Orchestration “breakdown” • Docker == container level control • docker-compose • coordinates multiple containers • creates private network • single instance “focused” (Swarm vs. swarm mode)
- 24. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Orchestration breakdown • Docker swarm mode • Kubernetes (K8s) • Mesos/Marathon: Docker+Marathon, Docker Swarm, or Docker+Kubernetes • Rancher: Cattle, Docker Swarm, or Docker+Kubernetes • Triton: Docker+Zones
- 25. @MkHeck #cloud #containers How do cloud/PaaS options compare? • Orchestration capabilities (& usually much more) baked in (PaaS) • Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform • Each supports containers (in different ways) • Unique approaches/solutions/configuration
- 26. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Vendor-specific clouds • Solid platforms • Solid vendors • Control? • “Switching costs” (for devs) • Public vs. on-premises decided for you (effectively public cloud only)
- 27. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Cloud Foundry • Foundation holds all IP (63 members) • Open source • Numerous providers: CenturyLink, GE, HP, Huawei, IBM, Pivotal, SAP, … • Support for containers • You choose/control underlying IaaS • Public and on-premises options, one consistent API
- 28. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Images vs. Buildpacks • Some cloud providers (CF, Heroku, et al) offer conceptual alternative • Distinction is deployable unit • Intermediate objectives are the same • End goal is the same • Mechanics are different • As humans, WE WANT IT ALL!
- 29. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Images vs. Buildpacks Buildpacks • More flexible & mature capabilities within all CF variants • Container OS can be patched by admin w/o rebuilding app • App libs can be "freshened" with a simple app restage • Can define env vars in manifest and do a one-step deploy Docker images • Can use Docker images from public repository • Can control when container OS is patched (flip side: devs have responsibility for it) • Don't expose Dockerfile-defined env vars to app exposed as ENTRYPOINT
- 30. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Cloud & Containers TL;DR • Lines increasingly blurred • “Docker brand” containers specifically? Images vs. Engine? • Differences for developers • Differences for operations
- 31. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Why should I care?
- 32. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Show time!
- 33. @MkHeck #cloud #containers Why should I care? Or should I? • Consistency • Portability • Build integration with CI/CD pipelines • Community • Transferability of skills • What do you think?