potao breeding

1. Breeding potato for high temperature tolerance &
Climate Change
Hemant Ghemeray
10908 PhD VEGETABLE SCIENCE
IARI NEW DELHI
10908 PhD VEGETABLE SCIENCE
IARI NEW DELHI
1

2. • Belongs to the family Solanaceae
• The genus Solanum comprises 8 cultivated
species and 2000 wild relatives
• 4th most important food crop (
http://faostat.fao.org)
• Herbaceous C3 annual plant
• Cultivated: tetraploid with 48 chromosomes
• About 235 Solanum species tuberize
• The basic chromosome number of the genus
Solanum is x = 12
• Ploidy level of potato species varies from 2x
to 6x
• 73 % diploids, 4 % triploids, 15 % tetraploids ,
2 % pentaploids and 6 % hexaploids
• Main tuber-bearing species: S. tuberosum ssp.
tuberosum and S. tuberosum ssp. andigena
POTATOPOTATO
2

3. FAO,2008
3

4. Uses of potatoUses of potato
Food uses: fresh, "frozen",
dehydrated
fresh potatoes are baked, boiled or fried
Value –added: processed food products:frozen
potatoes, french fries ("chips" in the UK)
Dehydrated potato flakes and granules
Potato starch provides higher viscosity AND
binding agent in cake mixes, dough, biscuits and
ice-cream.
fresh potatoes are baked, boiled or fried
Value –added: processed food products:frozen
potatoes, french fries ("chips" in the UK)
Dehydrated potato flakes and granules
Potato starch provides higher viscosity AND
binding agent in cake mixes, dough, biscuits and
ice-cream.
Non-food uses Glue, animal feed and fuel-grade ethanol
Seed potatoes: renewing the cycle...Seed potatoes: renewing the cycle...
4

5. The potato's story begins about
8,000 years ago( near Lake Titicaca,
in the Andes mountain border
between Bolivia and Peru).
There, research indicates, at least
7,000 years before began
domesticating wild potato plants
that grew around the lake in
abundance
The potato's story begins about
8,000 years ago( near Lake Titicaca,
in the Andes mountain border
between Bolivia and Peru).
There, research indicates, at least
7,000 years before began
domesticating wild potato plants
that grew around the lake in
abundance
ORIGINISORIGINIS
• Till 16th
century it was unknown to the people of Europe, Asia, Africa and
north America.
• Introduced into India in the mid 17th century by Portuguese traders or
British missionaries.
• Now potatoes became one of the most important food crop of the world
after rice, wheat and maize.
5

6.  Potato is a cool season crop & sensitive to
heat
 The IPCC (2007) predicted a rise in global
temperature by 1.8–4 o
C by the year 2100
 In addition subcontinent will very likely
(with > 90% probability) experience global
warming
 Global temperatures are likely to rise
 Precipitation patterns are likely to change
 production have been predicted to
decrease yields by:
 10-19% in 2010-39
 18-32% in the 2050s
 Potato is a cool season crop & sensitive to
heat
 The IPCC (2007) predicted a rise in global
temperature by 1.8–4 o
C by the year 2100
 In addition subcontinent will very likely
(with > 90% probability) experience global
warming
 Global temperatures are likely to rise
 Precipitation patterns are likely to change
 production have been predicted to
decrease yields by:
 10-19% in 2010-39
 18-32% in the 2050s
6
Potato and Climate Change
Potato production is likely to
be affected by climate change

7. Stress: Any external condition that adversely affect plant
growth development and productivity
StressStress
Biotic
Disease ,Insects
Parasitic ,Weeds
Biotic
Disease ,Insects
Parasitic ,Weeds
Abiotic
Drought,cold,nutrient
salinity and heat
Heat stress:Heat stress:
The rise in temperature beyond a threshold level &
cause irreversible damage to plant growth and
development
Why we should consider heat stress in potato?Why we should consider heat stress in potato?
Usually 10–15 C above◦
ambient
7

8. Causes Of Heat StressCauses Of Heat Stress
 Gaseous emissions due to human activities Gaseous emissions due to human activities
GHG:CO2, methane,
chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous
oxide ,etc
GHG:CO2, methane,
chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous
oxide ,etc
IPCC: global mean temperature
will rise 0.3 ◦C per decade
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSOEl Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO
8

9. 9
Fig 1Fig 1

10. lead to altered geographical distribution and growing seasonlead to altered geographical distribution and growing season
At very high temperaturesAt very high temperatures
•cellular injury and even cell death
•catastrophic collapse of cellular organization
At moderately high temperatureAt moderately high temperature
•injuries or death may occur only after long-
term exposure
Physiological consequence of heat stress on potatoesPhysiological consequence of heat stress on potatoes
Heat stress associated injuries ultimately lead to:
Starvation
inhibition of growth
reduced ion flux
production of toxic compounds
 production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
10

11. •Early flowering
• Maturity,
• Variation in
duration of growth
period depending
on the extent of
water scarcity
•Water uptake, storing in plant cell
and reducing water loss .
•Physiological whole-plant
mechanisms
•Canopy tolerance and leaf area
reduction (which decrease
radiation, adsorption and
transpiration),
•Stomatal closure and cuticular wax
formation, and root depth and
density, root hair development
•Balancing of
turgor through
osmotic
Adjustment
•Increase in
elasticity in
cell but
decrease in cell
size
11

12. i)Morpho-phenological parameters:
 Earliness,
 Reduced leaf area and leaf rolling
 Wax content
 Efficient rooting system and reduced tillering,
ii)Physiological Parameters :
 Reduced transpiration,
 High water-use efficiency,
 Stomatal closure and osmotic adjustment
iii)Biochemical Parameters :
 Accumulation of proline, polyamine, trehalose, etc.,
 Increased nitrate reductase activity and
 Increased storage of carbohydrates
iv)Molecular parameters
 Oxidative strees and antioxidants
 Stress proteins
Genetic Mechanism
12

13. Heat tolerance for heat stressHeat tolerance for heat stress
The best performing genotypes genes viz.,tuberosum, andigena and phureja.
 High temperature = senescence +shortens the crop duration.
Early Tuberisation and FAST BULKING RATE (perform better under high temperature )
Good Indication of the Heat Tolerance
The presence of tubers, stolons or tubers on long stolons from which leaf bus cuttings
were taken.
Tall plants with elongated inter-nodes and small leaves indicate heat stress.
Further, direct or indirect indications of heat tolerance can be obtained by measuring:
Photosynthesis rate
 Chlorophyll fluorescence
 Thermo-stability of the membranes
Chlorophyll stability
Rate of inter-node elongation
Yield Under high temperature conditions in the field
13

14. Fig 2: Proposed heat-stress tolerance mechanisms in plants.Sung et al.(2003).Fig 2: Proposed heat-stress tolerance mechanisms in plants.Sung et al.(2003).
14

15. Fig 3: Global zonification based on length of growing period (LGP) and photoperiod
at tuberization. LGP and photoperiod were classified in two (≤150 and >150 days)
and three classes (short:≤13 h, intermediate: 13–15 h and long: >15 h) respectively
15
Summer potato in temperate zones: 45° N – 57°N
Winter potato in subtropical lowlands: 23° N – 34° N
25% of the potato area > 1000 m altitude

16. Potato growing regions in IndiaPotato growing regions in India
16

17. Trends in Area, Production and Productivity(1949-50 to 2010-
11)
Trends in Area, Production and Productivity(1949-50 to 2010-
11)
 India is producing
41.3 m tons (2011-12)
from 1.9 m ha at an
average productivity
of 22.1 t/ha.
 2.8 m tons (7.5%) of
the produce is
processed.
 2.96 m tons (8.5%) of
the produce is used as
seed.
 0.1 m tons are
exported
 Post harvest losses are
nearly 16% of the
total produce.
17

18. Potato growing regions and their varietal requirements in IndiaPotato growing regions and their varietal requirements in India
Region States Potato seasons Varietal requirement
ZONES
North Indian Plains
North
Western
Plains
Haryana, Punjab and
Rajsthan
Autumn
(October –
January/Februa
ry) Spring (Jan
– April//May)
Short day adapted, early
bulking, moderately resistant to
late blight and frost, slow rate of
degeneration.
North Central
Plains
Northwestern districts
of Madhya Pradesh
and western Uttar
Pradesh
Autumn
(October -
February)
Short day adapted, medium
maturing, moderately resistant
to late blight, slow rate of
degeneration.
North
Eastern
Plains
Plains of Assam, Bihar,
North eastern Madhya
Pradesh, Orissa,
Eastern Uttar Pradesh
and West Bengal
Autumn
(November -
March)
Short day adapted, early
bulking, moderately resistant to
late blight, slow rate of
degeneration, red skinned
medium to small sized tubers
(Bihar, MP, Orissa and UP) or
white medium tubers (Assam
and West Bengal).
18

19. Region States Potato seasons Varietal requirement
ZONES
North Indian Hills
North Western
Hills
Southern Jammu and
Kashmir and Himachal
Pradesh
Summer (April-
September)
Long day adapted, resistant to
late blight.
North Central
Hills
Hills of Uttarakhand Summer (April –
August /September)
Long day adapted, resistant to
late blight and bacterial wilt.
North Eastern
Hills
Hills of Arunachal Pradesh,
Manipur, Meghalaya,
Mizoram, Nagaland and
Tripura
SpringJanuary/Februar
y- May/June)
Autumn (August –
November /December)
Long day adapted, resistant to
late blight and bacterial wilt.
SPECIAL PROBLEM AREAS
North Bengal
Hills and
Sikkim
North Bengal hills and
Sikkim
Autumn (September -
December);
Spring (January -
June)
Medium maturing, resistant to
late blight, immune to wart,
red skinned tubers.
Plateau Region
and peninsular
India
Southern parts of Bihar,
Gujarat, Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra and Orissa
Kharif (July -
September) and Rabi
(November - February)
Early bulking, ability to
tuberise under high
temperatures, resistant to
bacterial wilt, tuber moth and
mites, slow rate of
degeneration.
South Indian
Hills
Hills of Tamil Nadu Summer (April - Augt);
Autumn (Sept - Dec)
Spring (Jan-May)
Early bulking, resistant to late
blight and cyst nematodes.
19

20. Potato Genetic ResourcesPotato Genetic Resources
Indian varieties/hybrids 285
Exotic
Tuberosum:
Andigena:
1750
803 (core: 78)
Wild Species 1082 of 118 species
Total 3924
20
TO NARROW A GENE POOL IS
DANGEROUS!

21. Sources of resistance to various stresses in wild potato speciesSources of resistance to various stresses in wild potato species
Diseases Sources
Viruses - PVX S. acaule, S. berthaultii, S. tuberosum subsp. andigena
PVY S. phureja, S. demissum, S. stoloniferum
PLRV S. acaule, S. demissum, S. tuberosum subsp. andigena
Late blight Vertical S. demissum, S. verrucosum, S. stoloniferum
Horizontal S. berthaultii, S. chacoense, S. microdontum, S. vernei
Wart S. acaule, S. berthaultii.
Common scab S. chacoense, S. tuberosum ssp. andigena
Bacterial wilt S. Chacoense, S. microdontum,
Cyst nematodes S. tuberosum subsp. andigena, S. berthaultii. S. vernei
Root knot nematode S. spegazzinii
Aphids S. berthaultii.
Frost S. acaule, S. ajanhuiri
Heat tolerance S. chacoense, S. commersonii
High protein content S. phureja
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22. Critical stages of heat stress
Potato Tuberization and
tuber enlargement
Poor tuber growth and yield, splitting, internal
brown spot
Heat tolerant variety: Kufri Surya
Source
Central Potato Research Institute,
(Indian Council of Agricultural
Research),
Shimla (HP) 171001
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23. The breeding and use of climate resilient cultivars??
-Genetic improvement for heat-stress tolerance
Conventional breeding strategies :
Several issues of concern when employing
traditional breeding protocols :
1. Identification of genetic resources with
heat tolerance attributes.
2.screening different genotypes (in
particular wild accessions) for growth under
high temperatures
3. When breeding for stress tolerance, often
it is necessary that the derived lines/cultivars
be able to perform well under both stress and
non-stress conditions
Conventional breeding strategies :
Several issues of concern when employing
traditional breeding protocols :
1. Identification of genetic resources with
heat tolerance attributes.
2.screening different genotypes (in
particular wild accessions) for growth under
high temperatures
3. When breeding for stress tolerance, often
it is necessary that the derived lines/cultivars
be able to perform well under both stress and
non-stress conditions
How can potato cultivation adapt to climate change? Coping MechanismsHow can potato cultivation adapt to climate change? Coping Mechanisms
23

24. Breeding for Heat ToleranceBreeding for Heat Tolerance
Heat-tolerant accessions of several diploid species including
S. berthaultii, S. chacoense, S. demissum, and S. stoloniferum among others
have been identified (Reynolds & Ewing, 1989)
heat stress tolerance multigenicmultigenic
Aspects of heat tolerance 1.Ability of the plants to tuberise at night
temperature of 22 oC and above
2) low shoot/root ratio at high night
temperature
3) early maturity of the crop/avoidance
1.Ability of the plants to tuberise at night
temperature of 22 oC and above
2) low shoot/root ratio at high night
temperature
3) early maturity of the crop/avoidance
Desirable traits which should be included in the heat-tolerance breeding
programmes are:
• high water-use efficiency
•increased root
•early maturity to escape heat and disease resistance
Desirable traits which should be included in the heat-tolerance breeding
programmes are:
• high water-use efficiency
•increased root
•early maturity to escape heat and disease resistance
24

25. 25
 The potato tubers are grown under non-
tuberizing conditions for 30 days (i.e. 240
C
temperature)
 After the plants attain growth, single leaf
bud cuttings with one axillary bud each are
cut from the 4th to 7th leaf from these
plants and is transplanted in the sterilized
sand (without nutritional supplement) and
treated with the desired temperature under
controlled environment
 For heat stress, it may be 240
C temperature
during 12hrs photoperiod. The cuttings are
grown for 21 days and at the end of this
period these are checked for the formation
of sessile tubers, tubers on stolons and only
stolon formation at axillary bud and
accordingly ranked
Heat Tolerance Screening techniquesHeat Tolerance Screening techniquesHeat Tolerance Screening techniquesHeat Tolerance Screening techniques

26. Molecular and biotechnological strategiesMolecular and biotechnological strategies
Enhance efficiency, effectiveness and economy of
cultivar improvement
Molecular marker technologies for genebank
scientists,breeders and pathologists
Population development,wide crosses,embryo rescue
Genetic engineering
The use of genetic stocks with different degrees of
heat tolerance, molecular biology techniques and
molecular markers to identify tolerance QTLs
Phenomics and genomics are two important and trendy
tools in developing stress tolerant cultivar
A high-throughput phenotyping is a key step to identify
individuals tolerant to targeted stress factors
Enhance efficiency, effectiveness and economy of
cultivar improvement
Molecular marker technologies for genebank
scientists,breeders and pathologists
Population development,wide crosses,embryo rescue
Genetic engineering
The use of genetic stocks with different degrees of
heat tolerance, molecular biology techniques and
molecular markers to identify tolerance QTLs
Phenomics and genomics are two important and trendy
tools in developing stress tolerant cultivar
A high-throughput phenotyping is a key step to identify
individuals tolerant to targeted stress factors 26

27. Microtubers: 50-60% survival
Field multiplication-1 Field multiplication-2 Basic or Breeder Seed
Microplants
Microtubers Minitubers
Culturing in liquid media Microtuber in vitro
New Seed Production Technologies (Micro Propagation)

28. Aeroponics based seed production system

29. Screening genotype for
HEAT TOLERANCE
Screening genotype for
HEAT TOLERANCE
Development of materials for heat toleranceDevelopment of materials for heat tolerance
Gene pyramiding for
heat tolerance
Transgenics
29

30. Jae Woong Yu , Kappachery Sajeesh , Se Won Park
30
Case 1Case 1

31. Materials and methodsMaterials and methods
31
Fig 4

32. Results
Optimization of temperature stress for yeast functional screeningOptimization of temperature stress for yeast functional screening
Fig. 5 Optimization of ideal high-temperature conditions for yeast functional
screening. a Wild-type yeast strain BY4741 grown at 30 °C, b 35 °C, c 39 °C, and d 42 °C.
Fig. 5 Optimization of ideal high-temperature conditions for yeast functional
screening. a Wild-type yeast strain BY4741 grown at 30 °C, b 35 °C, c 39 °C, and d 42 °C.
32

33. 95 full-length cDNA-gene sequences, characterized and classified into 11 broad groups
based on their similarity and putative functions determined by BLAST analysis
Computational analysis and functional classification of isolated genes
33

34. 34

35. 35

36. 36

37. Stress/defense-associated genes induced by heat stressStress/defense-associated genes induced by heat stress
Source
of
RNA
titter of
yeast
expression
library
(Cfu/ml)
number of
yeast
colonies
screened
(cells/μg of
DNA)
no of
heat-
tolerant
clones
identified
(39 °C)
number of
cDNAs
with
putative
function
annotated
number of
clones
having OrFs
similar
length to
homologues
number of
clones
having OrFs
with lesser
length to
homologues
2 h
heat
stress
plants
8.3 × 107
4.8 × 104 120 40 31 9
48 h
heat
stress
plants
5.0 × 107
3.5 × 104 150 55 34 21
TAS14 gene may be crucial for growing potato plants under heat stress
Avr9/Cf-9 elicitor’s gene
TAS14 gene may be crucial for growing potato plants under heat stress
Avr9/Cf-9 elicitor’s gene
37

38. Fig 6:Real-time PCR analysis of selected genes to validate their expression profles which
are involved in high-temperature stress tolerance in S. tuberosum.
qPCr analysis showed down regulation of genes encoding plastocyanin precursor and
chlorophyll a/b binding protein. Bars represent Set of mean (n = 3)
Fig 6:Real-time PCR analysis of selected genes to validate their expression profles which
are involved in high-temperature stress tolerance in S. tuberosum.
qPCr analysis showed down regulation of genes encoding plastocyanin precursor and
chlorophyll a/b binding protein. Bars represent Set of mean (n = 3)
Photosynthesis-associated genes responsive to heat stressPhotosynthesis-associated genes responsive to heat stress
38

39. Metabolism/signal transduction-related genesMetabolism/signal transduction-related genes
In this analysis, a candidate
gene CaM encoding the
calmodulin an important
intermediate of calcium-
mediated signal transduction
was heat regulated suggesting
role of Ca2+ mediated signal
transduction in mitigating heat
stress in potato
CaM protein, an important
regulator of several key
enzymes and plays crucial roles
in maintaining cellular
responses to temperature
changes
39Fig 7Fig 7

40. Fig 8 :Functional classifcation of putative proteins obtained from :
a. heat-tolerant yeast clones expressing cDNA from 2 h heat stressed S. tuberosum
plants b. expressing cDNA from 48 h heat-stressed S. tuberosum plants
Fig 8 :Functional classifcation of putative proteins obtained from :
a. heat-tolerant yeast clones expressing cDNA from 2 h heat stressed S. tuberosum
plants b. expressing cDNA from 48 h heat-stressed S. tuberosum plants
Ionic and osmotic homeostasis
40

41. ConclusionConclusion
The yeast-based screening method presented here can be efficiently used to identify
potential heat tolerance genes of various other crops with slight modification.
In this study, 95 potato tolerance genes were identified to enhance thermo-tolerance of
yeast cells.
11 out of these 95 genes demonstrated to have the role in mechanisms that regulate
multiple stress responses (heat, osmotic and salt stress).
Further qPCR analysis in potato plants subjected several abiotc stresses have confirmed
their involvement in multiple stress-tolerance mechanisms.
In addition, functional assignment suggested that numerous candidate heat-tolerance
genes were known to be master switches that regulate the expression of cascades of genes
associated with heat stress responses, ensuring the efficacy of this method in identifying
potential thermo-tolerance genes common to plants.
These genes not only provide a starting point for understanding the nature of molecular
mechanisms associated with potato response and tolerance to high-temperature stress, but
also serve as potential targets for developing broad-spectrum abiotic stress-tolerant potato
cultivar
41

42. Expression of small heat shock proteins and heat
tolerance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Expression of small heat shock proteins and heat
tolerance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
1 Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of
Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2 Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
3 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
Arch. Biol. Sci., Belgrade, 64 (1), 135-144, 2012
42
Case 2Case 2

43. MATERIALSMATERIALS
Plant material
Virus-free tubers of nine commercial potato (Solanum tuberosum l.) cultivars used:
Desiree, Agria, red Scarlett, Arnova, Carrera, liseta ,LA, marabel and Cleopatra
Virus-free tubers of nine commercial potato (Solanum tuberosum l.) cultivars used:
Desiree, Agria, red Scarlett, Arnova, Carrera, liseta ,LA, marabel and Cleopatra
Tubers of each cultivar were planted
Ave.daily temp. of 22.8 ± 4.2°C
Electrolyte leakage assay (ELA)
Heat shock treatment
Immunoblot analysis
METHODSMETHODS
4 WEEK PLANTS EXPOSED AT 40 0
C FOR 18 HRS4 WEEK PLANTS EXPOSED AT 40 0
C FOR 18 HRS
HSPs ACCUMULATIONHSPs ACCUMULATION
FOR RELATIVE HEAT STRESS
QUANTIFICATION
FOR RELATIVE HEAT STRESS
QUANTIFICATION
43

44. ResultsResults
Relative heat-tolerance of potato cultivars
The electrolyte leakage assay was
used to assess the heat tolerance in
nine commercial potato cultivars
The electrolyte leakage assay was
used to assess the heat tolerance in
nine commercial potato cultivars
Fig 9 : The relative cellular membrane damage (CmD) caused by heat treatment
CMD ∞ heat sensitivity
Fig 9 : The relative cellular membrane damage (CmD) caused by heat treatment
CMD ∞ heat sensitivity
LA
L
A
LA
44

45. Expression of potato HSP18 under ex vitro and in vitro growing conditions: BASED ON ELA
-among 9 cultivar ,3 cultivar chosen for analysis of sHSPs- LA(HT), LI(MHT) AG(HS)
Expression of potato HSP18 under ex vitro and in vitro growing conditions: BASED ON ELA
-among 9 cultivar ,3 cultivar chosen for analysis of sHSPs- LA(HT), LI(MHT) AG(HS)
Fig 10 :the heat stress-induced accumulation of cytosolic HSP18 in (A) ex vitro- and (B)
in vitro-grown potato plants. expression of HSP18 was examined by immunoblot analysis
in plants exposed to HS (40°C, 18 h) and control plants (23°C, 18 h).
Fig 10 :the heat stress-induced accumulation of cytosolic HSP18 in (A) ex vitro- and (B)
in vitro-grown potato plants. expression of HSP18 was examined by immunoblot analysis
in plants exposed to HS (40°C, 18 h) and control plants (23°C, 18 h).
45

46. Expression of HSP21 under ex vitro and in vitro growing conditionsBASED ON ELA -among
9 cultivar ,3 cultivar chossen for analysis of sHSPs- LA(HT), LI(MHT) AG(HS)
Expression of HSP21 under ex vitro and in vitro growing conditionsBASED ON ELA -among
9 cultivar ,3 cultivar chossen for analysis of sHSPs- LA(HT), LI(MHT) AG(HS)
Fig 11. The heat stress-induced accumulation of cytosolic HSP21 in (A) ex vitro- and (B)
in vitro-grown potato plants. expression of HSP21 was examined by immunoblot analysis
in plants exposed to HS (40°C, 18 h) and control plants (23°C, 18 h)
Fig 11. The heat stress-induced accumulation of cytosolic HSP21 in (A) ex vitro- and (B)
in vitro-grown potato plants. expression of HSP21 was examined by immunoblot analysis
in plants exposed to HS (40°C, 18 h) and control plants (23°C, 18 h)
46

47. This study demonstrates that ELA combined with immunoblot
analysis of sHSP accumulation under HS conditions could be
considered as a reliable procedure in screening potato genotypes
for heat tolerance and for the identification of heat tolerant
potato cultivars.
In addition, HSP18 and HSP21 expression under HS present
similar patterns in potato plants grown in vitro compared to ex-
vitro grown plants, opening up the possibility for the use of an
in-vitro culture for heat tolerance screening
CONCLUSION
47

48. KUFRI SURYA: A NEW HEAT-TOLERANT POTATO VARIETY SUITABLE FOR EARLY
PLANTING IN NORTH-WESTERN PLAINS, PENINSULAR INDIA AND PROCESSING
INTO FRENCH FRIES AND CHIPS
KUFRI SURYA: A NEW HEAT-TOLERANT POTATO VARIETY SUITABLE FOR EARLY
PLANTING IN NORTH-WESTERN PLAINS, PENINSULAR INDIA AND PROCESSING
INTO FRENCH FRIES AND CHIPS
Case 3Case 3
48

49. Early bulking + high yielding indigenous varieties
Heat tolerant lines developed for lowland tropics
(International Potato Centre, Lima Peru)
Early bulking + high yielding indigenous varieties
Heat tolerant lines developed for lowland tropics
(International Potato Centre, Lima Peru)
Parents selection
HYBRIDIZATION
Kufri (32°N, 77°E, 2501 AMSL) in Shimla hills
SCREENED for heat tolerance, particularly tuberizationSCREENED for heat tolerance, particularly tuberization
Promising HYBRIDS were identified viz., HT/92-621 and HT/92-802Promising HYBRIDS were identified viz., HT/92-621 and HT/92-802
EVALUATION in multi-location trials (AICRPPotato)EVALUATION in multi-location trials (AICRPPotato)
Hybrid HT/92- 621 consistently performed wellHybrid HT/92- 621 consistently performed well
KUFRI SURYA
49

50. Kufri Surya is a selection from the progeny of a cross between Kufri Lauvkar
and LT-1
The female parent,Kufri Lauvkar is an early bulking variety especially bred for
the plateau region of Maharashtra and the male parent LT-1, is a selection made by
the International Potato Centre, Lima, Peru, for lowland tropics.
Kufri Surya is a selection from the progeny of a cross between Kufri Lauvkar
and LT-1
The female parent,Kufri Lauvkar is an early bulking variety especially bred for
the plateau region of Maharashtra and the male parent LT-1, is a selection made by
the International Potato Centre, Lima, Peru, for lowland tropics.
The pedigree of Kufri SuryaThe pedigree of Kufri Surya
Kufri Surya :was accepted for release by “Central Sub-committee on Crop Standards,
Notification and Release of Varieties for Horticultural Crops”, Ministry of Agriculture
and Co-operation, Government of India, New Delhi in October 2005
50

51. Tuberization and Photosynthetic efficiencyTuberization and Photosynthetic efficiency
 Kufri Surya was able to tuberize at all the temperature combinations and good
tuberization was observed up to 22°C night temperature.
Kufri Chandramukhi showed good tuberization at 18°C only and failed to tuberize at
24°C.
 Kufri Surya germinated well (>90%) and established a vigorous crop canopy when
compared with control cultivar Kufri Ashoka.
Measurements of net photosynthesis rate (Pn) during the course of a day in 36-day old
crop showed significantly higher Pn (32.3 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1) than Kufri Ashoka (26.8 µmol
CO2 m-2 s-1
) at 10 am.
Higher Pn in Kufri Surya was accompanied by higher stomatal conductance that was 1.0
s cm-1
as against 0.5 s cm-1
in Kufri Ashoka at 10am
Higher stomatal conductance in Kufri Surya led to faster evaporative cooling, which is
beneficial to the plant during the period of heat stress, resulting in higher rate of
photosynthesis and better plant growth
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52. S.N. Item Details
1
Name of varieties/ hybrids/ seed/ planting
material/ breeds/ strains/ micro-propagules/
microorganism/ cell line/ embryo/ germplasm/
fingerling/ spawn etc.
Kufri Surya.
2
Characteristics (suitability/ recommended for the
specific/ different agro climatic conditions, how it is
an improvement over the existing technology, safety/
quarantine factors incorporated etc.)
Early maturity variety and suitable for cultivation in
North Indian plains and plateau.
3
Performance results (yield, quality, level of resistance
for insects/ pests and diseases etc.
250-300 q/ha. Immune to wart. Tolerant to hopper burn.
4
Likely cost (per unit of weight/ area/ as applicable)
and reasons for its attractiveness.
Public domain. Cost not calculated.
5
Additional information in terms of economic benefits
over conventional materials/ technology along with
any other pertinent information.
Suitable for making French fries. Suitable for early
planting in plains. Easy to cook, texture waxy, flavour
mild, free from after-cooking discoloration
6 Social/environmental/ others benefits. Heat tolerant
7 Status of commercialization/ IPO Rights etc. In public domain.
8
If commercialized, name and address of the
firm/entrepreneurs to whom the technology has been
transferred.
In public domain.
9
Special regulatory requirements required (for
example, confirming to the norms of National
Biodiversity Authority or others).
Yes variety confirms to the norms of Protection of Plant
Varieties & Farmers Rights (PPV&FR) Authority and is
in the process of registration as extant variety.
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53. 53
Kufri Surya is expected to be the most popular variety for early
planting in north western plains as well as in rabi and kharif crops
in peninsular India.
Due to its large tuber size and oblong shape (desired shape for
French fries), and high dry matter, it is
likely to be accepted as the first French fry variety in the country.
This new heat tolerant variety is expected to extend potato
cultivation to non-traditional areas and seasons, thus bringing
more area under potato cultivation in the country
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

54. ConstraintsConstraints
 Lack of efforts through multidisciplinary approach
 Lack of repeatable and precise screening techniques
 Incomplete knowledge about reliable attributes
 Negative effect on crop productivity
 Selection for high WUE often results in decrease in crop
growth rate
 Lack of information on availability of most appropriate gene
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55. Conclusion
 CC predictions suggest potato yield reductions in the tropics and large
gains in high latitudes, Sustainably increasing productivity in a changing
climate is one of the most important challenges
 Precise identification of species is essential for making decisions for
effective utilization of germplasm collections therefore, taxonomic
research and updating taxonomical descriptions of the gene bank
collections in potato are indispensable.
 Options targeting multiple gene regulation appear better than targeting
single genes
 Molecular markers may be utilized as breeding tool for MAS with respect
to these low heritable traits
 Use of transgenic to improve the tolerance of crops to abiotic stress
remains an attractive option
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