16. 声母(1) b p m f d t n l g k h
从发音部位看,它们可分为:
双唇音 b p m
唇齿音 f
舌尖音 d t n l
舌根音 ɡ k h
2
17. 与英语发音对照如下:
b similar to the b in bed
p similar to the p in pen
m similar to the m in mood
f similar to the f in food
ɡ similar to the g in get
k similar to the k in kite
h similar to the h in high
d similar to the d in do
t similar to the t in time
n similar to the n in name
l similar to the l in like
21. 第一声 高而平
今天星期⼀。 Jīntiān xīnɡqīyī. (Today is Monday.)
第二声 上扬
⼈民银⾏ Rénmín Yínhánɡ (People’s Bank)
第三声 有起伏
我也可以。 Wǒ yě kěyǐ. ( I can do it too.)
第四声 短促有力地下降
再见! Zàijiàn! (Bye!)
例
例
例
例
22. Tā kàn shū. (He is reading a book .)
他 看 书。
Tā kǎn shù. (He is cutting a tree.)
他 砍 树。
Wǒ wèn nǐ. ( I ask you.)
我 问 你。
Wǒ wěn nǐ. ( I kiss you.)
我 吻 你。
23. • 绕口令
妈妈骑马去赛马。马慢,妈妈骂马。
Māmɑ qí mǎ qù sàimǎ.
Mǎ màn, māmɑ mà mǎ.
(Mother rides a horse to the horse race.
The horse walks slowly, and mother is cursing it.)
24. ◆声母(2) j q x z c s zh ch sh r
◆特殊韵母 -i -i
• 声母 j q x z c s zh ch sh
按照发音部位可分为:
舌面音 j q x
舌尖前音 z c s
舌尖后音 zh ch sh r
第二分项
25. 与英语发音对照如下:
j similar to the j in jeep
q similar to the ch in cheap
x similar to the sh in sheep
z similar to the ds in woods
c similar to the ts in cats
s same as the s in say
r similar to the r in red
【注】舌面音j q x 只跟以i或者ü开头的韵母相拼,在拼写时,ü上两点省去。
如:ju, qu, xu。
31. shī 师
lǎoshī 老师 (teacher)
shīfu 师傅 (master)
shèjìshī 设计师 (designer)
ɡōnɡchénɡshī ⼯程师 (engineer)
Tā shì yí ɡe shèjìshī.
他 是 ⼀ 个 设计师。 (He’s a designer.)
32. • 绕口令
这是⼀只鸡。 Zhè shì yì zhī jī.
鸡吃米。 Jī chī mǐ.
我吃鸡。 Wǒ chī jī.
(This is a chick. The chick eats rice, and I eat chicken.)
四是四,⼗是⼗。 Sì shì sì, shí shì shí.
⼗四是⼗四。 Shísì shì shísì.
四⼗是四⼗。 Sìshí shì sìshí.
(Four is four, ten is ten; fourteen is fourteen, forty is forty.)
40. • 谚语
饭后百步⾛,Fàn hòu bǎi bù zǒu,
活到九⼗九。huó dào jiǔshíjiǔ.
(If you take a walk after a meal every day, you’ll live to ninety-nine.)
活到老,Huó dào lǎo,
学到老。xué dào lǎo.
(One is never too old to learn.)
49. • 绕口令
扁担长,板凳宽。
Biǎndàn chánɡ, bǎndènɡ kuān.
板凳没有扁担长,
Bǎndènɡ méiyŏu biǎndàn chánɡ.
扁担没有板凳宽。
Biǎndàn méiyŏu bǎndènɡ kuān.
(The shoulder pole is long , and the wooden bench is wide.
The wooden bench isn’t as long as the shoulder pole,
and the shoulder pole isn’t as wide as the wooden bench.)