Basic fire practice

1. BASIC FIRE SAFETY &
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
A PRESENTATION BY GBADEBO ABAYOMI

2. INTRODUCTION
On January 24, 2021, the Depot Nigerian Army in Zaria was
engulfed in fire destroying 15 blocks of building.
In 2022, Nigeria recorded 2056 fire incidents and lost 1 Trillion
Naira in fires.
Statistics from the Nigeria’s Federal Fire Service (FFS) revealed
that the fire incidents were mostly accidental and electrical.
These could be avoided if every Nigerian has basic knowledge
of fire safety.
Source: Federal Fire Service
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3. FIRE SAFETY
Fire Safety is the practice of reducing the destruction
caused by fire.
These are measures inputed in buildings at construction
stage or completion stage or taught to occupants of
buildings to prevent ignition, development and effects of
fire.
Threat to fire safety are fire hazards, therefore organizations,
workers, family members should have basic knowledge of fire
prevention, fire emergencies, and emergency response.
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4. FIRE & COMPONENTS
Fire is a chemical reaction between oxygen and fuel that produces heat and light. In order to start
and sustain a fire, fuel, oxygen, and heat are required.
This is represented in the FIRE TRIANGLE model.
FUEL is a combustible solid, liquid, or gas .
Solids: wood, paper, cloth, coal
Liquid: Petrol oil, paint, kerosene
Gas: Propane, and butate
OXYGEN is available in abundance.
HEAT is high temperature from sparks, welding, cigarette stubs etc.
In order to stop the chain reaction of fire, one of the 3 components are removed.
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5. PRINCIPLES OF EXTINGUISHING FIRE
Principles of Extinguishing Fire are:
Control the fuel - Starvation
Control the oxygen - Smothering
Control the heat – Cooling
Breaking the chain reaction
The application of any of the above under
prescribed conditions will extinguish fire.
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6. CAUSES OF FIRE
No particular thing leads to fires accident at work and in the home. Fires are often the result of
unintentional negligence, irresponsible behaviour, or technological defects. Sometimes, they are
caused by “acts of God“ and hence unavoidable eg. thunder strike.
The best remedy against effects of fire is preparation towards it in the event that it occurs despite your
best actions.
The first step toward this preparation is a knowledge on types of fire and possible causes, some of
which are heat generating equipment, children, overloading sockets, over heating cooking oils, pile of
used batteries, bad house keeping etc
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8. Extinguishers & Fire Types
FREE BURNING MATERIAL FIRE
ELECRICAL FIRE
OIL & PLASTIC FIRE
GAS & METAL FIRE
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Image: firecheckservices.co.uk

9. PLEASENOTEFIREEXTINGUISHERSWERE
DESIGNEDFOR
FIRSTAIDFIREFIGHTING,THATISWITHIN
THEFIRSTFEW
MINUTESOFIGNITION.
IFIGNITIONISLONGERTHANAFEW
MINUTES,DON’TTRYTOBEAHERO,
CONTACTTHESECURITYSERVICES;IFAT
HOMECALLTHEFIRESERVICEHOT
NUMBER–GETITFROMYOURFIRE
ACTIONNOTICEATYOURBRANCH
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10. 10
Now, you get the idea,
pull the PIN, AIM the
nozzle or hose at the
base of the fire, SQUEEZE
the lever while you are
SWEEPING the hose side
to side.
Answer this for me,
DO YOU KNOW WHERE
TO FIND ONE IN THE
OFFICE? DO YOU HAVE
ONE AT HOME OR IN
YOUR CAR?

11. Domestic Fire & Solutions
Common Causes
Electrical Kitchen House –
Keeping
Socket Overload Kerosene/Gas
Cooker
Hoarding
Over laboring
extension box
Appliances Clutter of
Paper or books
Surge Oil Candle
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Practical Solutions
Electrical Kitchen House – Keeping
Do not overload
sockets
Monitor your cooking Get rid of things you
do not need
Consider current
rate of a socket
before you use
extension
Put off appliances
when leaving home
Practice good house
keeping
Unplug electrical
appliances not
designed for
overnight use
Do not overheat oil.
Pay attention to oil
Keep Candles in the
full glare of all on a
protective base

12. Procure a Dry
Chemical Powder
fire extinguisher. Its
safe for use in most
home fires, but do
not to use it in the
kitchen.
Procure a Carbon
dioxide fire
extinguisher for use
in your kitchen. It is
safe for oil and
electrical fires.
Identify an emergency
exit in your home
before an incident,
educate your family
and practice
evacuation with them
In a real fire, crawl
towards the emergency
exit to avoid inhaling
smoke. It is dangerous to
life.
Procure a fire
blanket for use in
quenching small oil
fires in the kitchen.
TEACH YOUR WARDS ALL OF THE ABOVE

13. Fire fighting is best at the incipient stage, that is in the beginning , with a fire extinguisher. When
it is within control.
Once fire is not responding to fire extinguishers, call the fire service.
Emergency Number
08032003557 | 112

14. EMERGENCY RESPONSE
PLANNING FOR MITIGATION PREVENTION AND RESPONSE
A PRESENTATION BY GBADEBO ABAYOMI

15. What is
Emergency
An emergency is an unexpected situation
that endangers the safety of individuals.
As emergency is unforeseen, steps should
be taken to ensure that its effect is reduced
or avoided.
To reduce potential effects, an emergency
plan is key.
Planning for emergency does not begin at
point of occurrence, it is necessary for
every organization to develop and
implement an emergency plan for
protecting persons within facilities.

16. Types of
Emergencies
Exposure to emergencies, may depend on the environment
to which an organization belongs. In order to effectively
plan for emergencies, it is crucial to identify the types of
emergencies peculiar to the clime to which the organization
belongs.
The Nigerian state is exposed to the emergencies such as
Fires, terrorism, floods, pandemic.
Families maybe affected by terrorism, fires, sudden health
issues, gas leaks pending on which part of the country they
reside.

17. Identifying &
Mitigating
Hazards
In order to effectively plan for emergency, carrying out an inspection of
a building, premises and surroundings will aid to expose hazards and
threats that could lead to identifying possible emergencies. Eg. Piled up
old batteries, a broken drainage system, naked wires
Hazards that are not addressed are emergencies waiting to occur.
Hazards Mitigants
Fire Installing fire fighting equipment
Install smoke detection & Alarm
Conducting Fire Drills
Liaison with the Fire Service
Civil Unrest Installing Perimeters
Liaison with Security agencies
Flood Building dams
Creating water channels
Robbery Providing Perimeter Security
Liaison with Community & State Security
Agencies
Self Defense

18. Developing
Emergency
Response
Plan
Emergency response plan details action and roles to be
played in the event of an emergency that will save lifes
and reduce loss.
How to develop an ERP
Conduct a threat assessment and inspection to identify
events that can affect your organization or home.
Develop mitigation strategies against the identified
threats.
Document emergency contact numbers.
Assign roles of who will be in charge of activating and
directing the ERP
Maintain emergency equipment. Eg. Fire alarm and fire
extinguishers
Design an Evacuation Procedure
Document method of notifying staff or family members
of danger.
An ERP must be practiced at least once a year(drill)

19. Practice the Plan
Safety Drill is the method of practicing the ERP, how
individuals will evacuate a building to safety in the event of
an emergency. This can be effected in fire emergencies.
Shelter in Place is a method of practicing how to gather in a
place within a building in the event of a dangerous situation
outside the building.
This can be done in situations of active shooter emergencies,
civil unrest.
Both situations can be practiced in an office and in the home.

20. Corporate Emergency Evacuation Procedure
Upon hearing the
alarm & voice
following
Follow the exit
signs
Move steadily
towards the exit
Use the stairs not
the lifts
Locate your closest
muster point
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There are Muster
points in your office ,
know where they are
the electrical
system in the
building may be
shut down,
meaning that you
could be stuck
Do not panic, do
not scamper.
For women, it is
advised that they
change from heels
to flat shoes or
slippers. If there is
smoke, crawl
under it.
There are exit
signs like this
along the
hallways or
on the wall

21. Conclusion
Emergency response is plan is crucial for survival, It has
been known to be effective all around the world.
It is important to have an ERP at work and at home.
Encourage the management of your organization to develop
one, talk to your family about it, practice it and get it right.
THANK YOU