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9702 w11 qp_21
1.
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level * 2 8 3 5 3 4 8 2 7 1 * PHYSICS 9702/21 Paper 2 AS Structured Questions October/November 2011 1 hour Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part For Examiner’s Use question. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page. DC (NF/CGW) 34887/2 © UCLES 2011 [Turn over
2.
2 Data speed of light
in free space, c = 3.00 × 10 8 m s –1 permeability of free space, μ0 = 4π × 10 –7 H m–1 permittivity of free space, ε0 = 8.85 × 10 –12 F m–1 elementary charge, e = 1.60 × 10 –19 C the Planck constant, h = 6.63 × 10 –34 J s unified atomic mass constant, u = 1.66 × 10 –27 kg rest mass of electron, me = 9.11 × 10 –31 kg rest mass of proton, mp = 1.67 × 10 –27 kg molar gas constant, R = 8.31 J K –1 mol –1 the Avogadro constant, NA = 6.02 × 10 23 mol –1 the Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38 × 10 –23 J K –1 gravitational constant, G = 6.67 × 10 –11 N m 2 kg –2 acceleration of free fall, g = 9.81 m s –2 © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11
3.
3 Formulae uniformly accelerated motion,
s = ut + at 2 v 2 = u 2 + 2as work done on/by a gas, W = p ⌬V Gm gravitational potential, φ =– r hydrostatic pressure, p = ρgh Nm 2 pressure of an ideal gas, p = <c > V simple harmonic motion, a = – ω 2x velocity of particle in s.h.m., v = v0 cos ωt v = ± ω √⎯(x0⎯ 2 ⎯ – x 2) ⎯ ⎯ ⎯⎯ ⎯ Q electric potential, V = 4πε0r capacitors in series, 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . . . capacitors in parallel, C = C1 + C2 + . . . energy of charged capacitor, W = QV resistors in series, R = R1 + R2 + . . . resistors in parallel, 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . . . alternating current/voltage, x = x0 sin ω t radioactive decay, x = x0 exp(– λt ) 0.693 decay constant, λ = t © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11 [Turn over
4.
4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. For Examiner’s Use 1 (a) Define density. .......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (b) Explain how the difference in the densities of solids, liquids and gases may be related to the spacing of their molecules. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [2] (c) A paving slab has a mass of 68 kg and dimensions 50 mm × 600 mm × 900 mm. (i) Calculate the density, in kg m–3, of the material from which the paving slab is made. density = ...................................... kg m–3 [2] (ii) Calculate the maximum pressure a slab could exert on the ground when resting on one of its surfaces. pressure = ............................................ Pa [3] © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11
5.
5 2
(a) Define the torque of a couple. For Examiner’s .......................................................................................................................................... Use ..................................................................................................................................... [2] (b) A uniform rod of length 1.5 m and weight 2.4 N is shown in Fig. 2.1. 1.5 m rope A 8.0 N pin rod weight 2.4 N 8.0 N rope B Fig. 2.1 The rod is supported on a pin passing through a hole in its centre. Ropes A and B provide equal and opposite forces of 8.0 N. (i) Calculate the torque on the rod produced by ropes A and B. torque = .......................................... N m [1] (ii) Discuss, briefly, whether the rod is in equilibrium. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. [2] © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11 [Turn over
6.
6
(c) The rod in (b) is removed from the pin and supported by ropes A and B, as shown in For Fig. 2.2. Examiner’s Use 1.5 m rope A rope B 0.30 m P weight 2.4 N Fig. 2.2 Rope A is now at point P 0.30 m from one end of the rod and rope B is at the other end. (i) Calculate the tension in rope B. tension in B = ............................................. N [2] (ii) Calculate the tension in rope A. tension in A = ............................................. N [1] © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11
7.
7 3
A ball is thrown against a vertical wall. The path of the ball is shown in Fig. 3.1. For Examiner’s Use P 15.0 m s–1 wall 60.0° S F 6.15 m 9.95 m Fig. 3.1 (not to scale) The ball is thrown from S with an initial velocity of 15.0 m s–1 at 60.0° to the horizontal. Assume that air resistance is negligible. (a) For the ball at S, calculate (i) its horizontal component of velocity, horizontal component of velocity = ........................................ m s–1 [1] (ii) its vertical component of velocity. vertical component of velocity = ........................................ m s–1 [1] (b) The horizontal distance from S to the wall is 9.95 m. The ball hits the wall at P with a velocity that is at right angles to the wall. The ball rebounds to a point F that is 6.15 m from the wall. Using your answers in (a), (i) calculate the vertical height gained by the ball when it travels from S to P, height = ............................................. m [1] © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11 [Turn over
8.
8
(ii) show that the time taken for the ball to travel from S to P is 1.33 s, For Examiner’s Use [1] (iii) show that the velocity of the ball immediately after rebounding from the wall is about 4.6 m s–1. [1] (c) The mass of the ball is 60 × 10–3 kg. (i) Calculate the change in momentum of the ball as it rebounds from the wall. change in momentum = ........................................... N s [2] (ii) State and explain whether the collision is elastic or inelastic. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. [1] © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11
9.
9 4
(a) Distinguish between gravitational potential energy and electric potential energy. For Examiner’s .......................................................................................................................................... Use .......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [2] (b) A body of mass m moves vertically through a distance h near the Earth’s surface. Use the defining equation for work done to derive an expression for the gravitational potential energy change of the body. [2] (c) Water flows down a stream from a reservoir and then causes a water wheel to rotate, as shown in Fig. 4.1. reservoir stream 120 m water wheel Fig. 4.1 As the water falls through a vertical height of 120 m, gravitational potential energy is converted to different forms of energy, including kinetic energy of the water. At the water wheel, the kinetic energy of the water is only 10% of its gravitational potential energy at the reservoir. (i) Show that the speed of the water as it reaches the wheel is 15 m s–1. [2] © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11 [Turn over
10.
10
(ii) The rotating water wheel is used to produce 110 kW of electrical power. Calculate For the mass of water flowing per second through the wheel, assuming that the Examiner’s production of electric energy from the kinetic energy of the water is 25% efficient. Use mass of water per second = ....................................... kg s–1 [3] © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11
11.
11 5
(a) Define the ohm. For Examiner’s ..................................................................................................................................... [1] Use (b) Determine the SI base units of resistivity. base units of resistivity = ................................................. [3] (c) A cell of e.m.f. 2.0 V and negligible internal resistance is connected to a variable resistor R and a metal wire, as shown in Fig. 5.1. 2.0 V R metal wire 900 mm Fig. 5.1 The wire is 900 mm long and has an area of cross-section of 1.3 × 10–7 m2. The resistance of the wire is 3.4 Ω. (i) Calculate the resistivity of the metal wire. resistivity = ................................................. [2] © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11 [Turn over
12.
12
(ii) The resistance of R may be varied between 0 and 1500 Ω. For Calculate the maximum potential difference (p.d.) and minimum p.d. possible across Examiner’s the wire. Use maximum p.d. = ................................................... V minimum p.d. = ....................................................V [2] (iii) Calculate the power transformed in the wire when the potential difference across the wire is 2.0 V. power = ............................................. W [2] (d) Resistance R in (c) is now replaced with a different variable resistor Q. State the power transformed in Q, for Q having (i) zero resistance, power = ............................................. W [1] (ii) infinite resistance. power = ............................................. W [1] © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11
13.
13 6
(a) State Hooke’s law. For Examiner’s .......................................................................................................................................... Use ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (b) The variation with extension x of the force F for a spring A is shown in Fig. 6.1. 8.0 L 6.0 F/N 4.0 2.0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 x / 10–2 m Fig. 6.1 The point L on the graph is the elastic limit of the spring. (i) Describe the meaning of elastic limit. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. [1] (ii) Calculate the spring constant kA for spring A. kA = ....................................... N m–1 [1] © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11 [Turn over
14.
14
(iii) Calculate the work done in extending the spring with a force of 6.4 N. For Examiner’s Use work done = .............................................. J [2] (c) A second spring B of spring constant 2kA is now joined to spring A, as shown in Fig. 6.2. spring A spring B 6.4 N Fig. 6.2 A force of 6.4 N extends the combination of springs. For the combination of springs, calculate (i) the total extension, extension = ............................................. m [1] (ii) the spring constant. spring constant = ....................................... N m–1 [1] © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11
15.
15 7
(a) Two isotopes of the element uranium are 235U and 238U. 92 92 For Examiner’s Explain the term isotope. Use .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [2] (b) (i) In a nuclear reaction, proton number and neutron number are conserved. Other than proton number and neutron number, state a quantity that is conserved in a nuclear reaction. ............................................................................................................................. [1] (ii) When a nucleus of uranium-235 absorbs a neutron, the following reaction may take place. 235U + an 141 Ba + y + 3 an 92 b x 36 Kr b State the values of a, b, x and y. a = ................. b = ................. x = ................. y = ................. [3] (c) When the nucleus of 238U absorbs a neutron, the nucleus decays, emitting an α-particle. 92 State the proton number and nucleon number of the nucleus that is formed as a result of the emission of the α-particle. proton number = ...................................................... nucleon number = ...................................................... [2] © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11
16.
16
BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © UCLES 2011 9702/21/O/N/11
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