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法鼓山僧伽大學104學年度畢業製作
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聖嚴法師留學生活_釋演禪
1.
那些年這些事 聖嚴法師的留學生活 指導老師 : 常寬法師、野川博之老師 學僧
: 演禪 2016年6月7日
2.
師父生命中最足懷念的兩個道場: 左 : 高雄美濃瓔珞關房
右 : 東京留學時住宿的金剛道場
3.
留學生涯階段 博士修業 碩士 修業 留學 準備 年代 (西元) 1965
1968 1969 1971 1972 1973 1975
4.
留學準備(1965~1969) 因緣及動機 : 1. 東初老人 2.
楊白衣及張曼滔居士 3. 基督教指佛教無人懂原典 對佛教教育之關心、 當時外教對佛教之批判 我的願望是為我中國維繫已危若懸絲的佛教慧命, 期竭盡棉力,從國外引進新的學術成果、研究風氣、 教育制度及其教學方法等,以資我國佛教也能趕上 國際佛教的時代潮流。
5.
留學準備(1965~1969) 準備工作: 1. 認識佛教在日本的情況 2. 翻譯日本學術作品 背後的努力: 在1967、68年代撰出<戰後的日本佛教>、<明治以後的日 本佛教>以及《日本佛教史》等。 參考日人望月信亨博士在《無盡燈》雜誌內發表<蓮池 大師的淨土思想>,與翻譯<彌陀經典的翻譯及初期中國的淨 土信仰>等文章
。
6.
留學準備(1965~1969) 入學過程 : 透過慧嶽法師,吳老擇居士共同奔走, 找到在日保證人立正大學教授坂本幸男 博士,擔任在日保證人,為法師及淨海 法師辦妥了赴日留學的手續。 1969年3月14日飛抵日本首都東京,除 了一張機票之外,真是阮囊羞澀,幾乎 是在國內佛教界的一片反對聲浪中,踏 上了留學異國的征程。 入學考試及格直接進入就讀碩士班。
7.
碩士修業(1969~1970) 首先碰到 語言文化不同 與 經濟狀況不佳
8.
碩士修業(1969~1970) 積極、努力克服逆境 語言方面 : 先後得到 牛場真玄老 師、三友苔雄及華僑李俊 生
的日文指導。 經濟方面 : 1.先後擔任導遊、替華僑誦 經、說法。 2.透過日本同學、友人的協 助度過難關。
9.
碩士修業(1969~1970) 留學期間的兩次重大經濟事件 1. 1971年 美國強制增收日本進口貨物10%的稅金 2.
1973~74年 國際間爆發第一次石油危機 完成碩士前,內心生起完成碩士學位即回國的想法 1.指導教授坂本幸男博士 : 衣食之中無道心,道心之中有衣食。 2. 1970年底, 《菩提樹》主編朱斐來函告知有位從瑞士的居 士願意無條件提供學費及生活費 。
10.
碩士修業(1969~1970) 修學課程 : 坂本幸男教授的大乘止觀法門、金倉圓照教授的梵文課、布施 浩岳教授的課程,另也提到了學習過藏文,藏文的授課老師應 為中村瑞隆教授,而松濤誠廉教授的普拉克里特諸語言研究 (梵文)與東洋哲學特講(課程中有德文)等。
11.
碩士修業(1969~1970) 時間 經過 1970年上半年 熟讀《大乘止觀法門》的原文、原著和有關的註解。到 東京都內佛教系大學:東大、東洋、大正、駒澤、立正 等大學圖書館查資料、抄錄與影印。兩度到東京都外成 田山圖書館。 請教日本學者:立正大學坂本幸男教授、大正大學關口 真大博士、天台宗勸學二宮守人先生等。 1970年下半年
用十萬字日文,約兩百數十張頁面,撰寫成論文。 請駒澤大學佐藤達玄副教授與大正大學退休教授牛場真 玄先生潤稿。 碩士論文《大乘止觀法門》研究過程
12.
博士修業(1971~1975) 1972年4月 博士班第二年 選定明‧藕益大師為博士專攻主題。 1975年2月
立正大學大學院舉行不計名投票,對法師之博士論文《明末中 國佛教の研究》,獲全體二十四位教授通過。 1975年3月 法師披七條衣,以中國比丘身分接受博士學位證書。 1972年 9月 中日斷交 1973年3月 坂本教授病逝 1973年6月 代理印順法師取得中國比 丘第一張博士學位證書
13.
博士修業(1971~1975) 令人一生難忘的背影 「只要大學圖書館開門,一定 可以看到聖嚴法師」,山口晃 一博士讚嘆:「圖書館晚上九 點半關門,我從二樓下來,一 定看到他坐在那張擺著《大漢 和辭典》的書桌前用功,一個 星期六天,一年四季,從不間 斷」 法師在書桌前苦讀的背影,另 山口晃一博士難以忘懷。 日本的冬天非常冷,尤其在走坡路時,迎面 狂嘯而來的風,是又急又猛的。聖嚴法師在 冬天酷寒的氣候裡,包著頭、包著臉逆風而 行的影相,還深深地印在我的腦海裡。 當時日本還不流行暖氣,冷冽的空氣常常會 使臉部凍傷,聖嚴法師還是不畏嚴寒,很精 進用功地待在圖書館裡做他的研究。 到日本留學的外國留學生很多,留學到最後 能一直保持原來生活方式乃至得到學位,聖 嚴法師是第一個人… 他從來不曾擔心自己能夠活多久,就只是堅 決地往前一路走去,堅毅的身影,是令我難 忘的。 三友健容教授
14.
博士修業(1971~1975) 做學問的過程及感受: 在四年之中,我必須日以繼夜地閱讀,也必須手不離筆地抄 錄,除了大正藏及卍續藏不離左右之外,也使我讀了大量的 儒書及史書。我的論文重點及其前後次第,也因此而改了又 改。… 當我從各種資料的比對中,發現智旭不僅是明末中國佛教界 的一位大學問家,他也是影響近代中國佛教的思想最深遠的 大師之時,竟使我感動流了好多次眼淚。 我每隔一周要輪替著定時去拜訪正副兩位指導教授,逐章逐 節拿著寫成的論稿去請教。他們兩位教授,都很認真細心, 每次都會花上半天時間,逐字詳讀,逐頁指點,通篇檢討, 因而當我完成最後的清稿時,已經過了多次的改頭換面,這 真是一項必須付出毅力和願力的工程。
15.
博士修業(1971~1975) 經過六年的苦讀 終於取得博士學位 替漢傳佛教展開新的一頁之外 也不負華人師友的期望 讓日人對於佛教由中國傳入日本後 再度回饋到中國比丘身上 串起歷史上曾經有過的深厚佛緣
16.
教育、學術單位之觀摩 除了取得學位之外 ,另一重要的,便是能假地利之便地親自 了解與觀察在日本佛教教育的種種設施與組織。
17.
教育、學術單位之觀摩 我在日本六年多,從小型的會議到幾百個人出席的大會, 參加了不下二十場,目的就是想聽聽人家的,也給人家看 看,讓人知道我的存在。 法師留日期間曾經親身參與的幾 個學會,分別為:立正大學日蓮 教學研究所、立正大學佛教學會、 日本佛教學會、西藏學會、日本 印度學佛教學會與日本道教學會 (東方宗教學會)。
18.
教育、學術單位之觀摩 明治以後將近百年的佛教已經 純然的俗化,可是他們還能夠 很有制度,相當平穩地延續了 下來,發展下去。日本是一個 非常功利的國家,佛教在他們 的環境裡還能有生存的空間, 並且受到尊重,一定有它的原 因。 中國的僧人,由於教育水準的 不普及,沒有制度化,沒有國 際語文的訓練,並且極少有專 長及專門研究的分野,因此談 修行的方法和學問的研究,都 不如人家,不瞭解人家,反而 說人家不行,真是夜郎自大、 坐井觀天,自以為三寶俱足, 實際上都很空虛,所以也危機 四伏。
19.
校外活動 日本佛教與新宗教的觀摩 傳統佛教 部分: 曹洞宗的永平寺、總持寺; 臨濟宗的圓覺寺、建長寺、妙 心寺;龍澤寺派東照寺; 高野山真言宗; 天台宗比叡山延曆寺; 日蓮宗的身延山。 淨土宗的京都知恩院、 淨土真宗的京都東本願寺及西 本願寺、 黃檗宗的萬福寺。
20.
校外活動 日本佛教與新宗教的觀摩 佛教系新宗教部分: 創價學會、立正佼成會、孝道 教團、國柱會、靈友會、天理 教、金光教及大元密教。
21.
校外活動 日本宗教修行活動之了解與參與 真言宗 – 聲明專家中川善教教授 天台宗
– 侍真僧 堀澤祖門 日蓮宗 – 就讀學校為該教團人士 曹洞宗東照寺 – 伴鐵牛禪師 日蓮正宗 大元密教
22.
結語 六年閉關 阿含、戒律 探究佛陀本懷 漢傳佛教修行方法 (拜懺、禪修) 六年留學 近代學術方法訓練及制度 佛教系教團發展經驗 日本民族文化保存特點 教育 佛法
+ 制度方法 漢傳佛教現代化 前進西方 開展、實驗漢傳佛法之教學 回台 辦高等教育、創建僧團
23.
感恩 兩位指導老師、學院師長、文化中心、 日本中外日報社、以及一切因緣