Promotion of Zero Waste trough multisectorial involvement in Bogotá
Zero waste solution of the city of Boras, Sweden - Hans Björk
1. Zero waste solution of the city of
Borås, Sweden
Converting Waste into Value-added Products.
Hans Björk
Dean, School of Engineerng
University of Borås
Sweden
www.wasterecovery.se
5. Ref.BEM brochure
Waste
Generation
Waste Handling,
Separation, Storage, and
Processing at the source
Collection Ref.BEM brochure
Minimizing
Reuse
Recycle
Energy Recovery
Landfill
www.wasterecovery.se
6. District heating
District cooling
Biogas
Hydropower
Waste management
Drinking water production
Waste water cleaning
Producer of Electricity
Services within waste management and
effective energy use
www.wasterecovery.se
7. Landfill reduction in Borås, From 1992
to 2012
1000 ton
120
Compare RIO + 20
100
80
60
40
20
0
Total amount 420 kg/pers
Landfilling ~0 %
Today Recycling 27 %
Biological treatment 30 %
Incineration 43 %R
Mohammad.Taherzadeh@hb.se www.wasterecovery.se
8. Long development toward zero waste in Borås
• The first planning of biogas plant 1940
• Investigation and planning 1986
• Start of source sorting in 3000 households 1988
• 10-years planning 1989-2000 1989
• Full scale sorting with optical sorting system 1991
• Anaerobic digestion and composting 1995
• Interim storage of hazardous waste 1998
• First collecting vehicle run with gas 2002
• Waste plan 2001 - 2010 2003
• First public gas station opened 2003
• New digestor ready 2003
• New incineration plant ready 2004
• First bus inside the city run on biogas 2004
• 39 buses inside the city run on biogas 2008
• A second new gas station for private cars 2009
• All 59 buses inside the city run on biogas 2010
• A third new gas station for private cars 2011
• Planning for a new energy complex 2011
www.wasterecovery.se
9. Waste collecting methods
Waste from residential and commercial buildings in Borås and
surroundings
Approximately 125 000 inhabitants.
4 methods – a complete solution towards our dream
48.500 households 80 Recycling 5 Recycling 800 Containers
–Waste separation stations , 7 centers, 30 for delivery
at home fractions fractions
Mixed(expensiv)
White and Black Paper, glas, Electronics, or separated
bags metal etc fridges, bulps
etc
www.wasterecovery.se
12. Burnable waste becomes district heating
and electricity
Burnable waste is separated
Transport to Sobacken
Preparation of combustible
waste
Waste from households and Transport to Ryaverket
companies is collected Combustible
Waste
The waste is stored
District heating and
electricity
Incineration
www.wasterecovery.se
13. Why combustion of Wastes?
• Treatment
– Volume reduction
• Prevention
– Decrease green house gas emissions
• Avoid methane formation
– Control emissions – leakages
• Production
– Energy recovery
• MSW can be a raw material and not only waste
Tobias.Richards@hb.se www.wasterecovery.se
18. Energy and customers
Energy amounts
District heating (GWh) 632
District cooling (GWh) 10
Electricity (GWh) 132
Number of costumers
District heating 4137
District cooling 53
[Amount 2009]
www.wasterecovery.se
19. Food waste becomes biogas
Food waste is separated
Transport to Sobacken
Pretreatment of
combustable waste
Household and company waste Biodegradable To the digester
collected Waste
Biogas is returned to our
customers in Borås Bacteriums at work
www.wasterecovery.se
22. Biogas production
Substrate [Ton] Gas production [Nm3]
• Biogradable waste - 4 000 • Raw Gas 2 546 629
Black bags (Household Borås)
• Vehicle fuel 1 123 407 (11,2 GWh )
• Biogradable waste (Household suburbs) 7 500
• Methane 308 976 (3,08 GWh)
• Biogradable waste (Commercial) 2 464 gas for heating
• Biogradable liquid waste (Commercial) 9 719 • Residual product 1982 Ton
(fertilizer)
23683
[Amount 2009, metric ton]
www.wasterecovery.se
23. Waste at the recycling center
Mohammad.Taherzadeh@hb.se www.wasterecovery.se
24. Stena Metall AB
The Group in figures
• Operations at 250 locations in 15
countries
• Net sales 4 billion $US
• Number of employees, 3500
Stena Technoworld, WEEE
Stena Aluminium AB
Stena Recycling, AB, A/S, AS, OY
• 10 car shredders
• NF-plants
• Cable Recycling plants
• Plastics separation plants
• Transformer / Capacitor recycling plant
• Hazardous waste treatment plants
• Paper recycling plants
www.wasterecovery.se
25. Driving forces
1. Legislation (Environmental, Tax, Producer
responsibility, etc.)
2. Material value
www.wasterecovery.se
27. All competence on waste treatment in one organization:
”Waste Recovery International Parnership”
Plus:
• Biogas System
• F.O.V. Fabrics AB
• KTH Architecture and the Built
Environment
• Läckeby Water AB
Technical Research • Metso Power
Institute • Navet Science Center ( for children )
• SAAB AB
• Scandfiltet
• Sweco Architects
• Uponor
• Sakab
• Stena Metal
• VA – Teknik ( SP )
• ….
www.wasterecovery.se
28. Collaboration model of
”Waste Recovery -International Partnership”
Waste Recovery in Sweden
City Council Municipality
Research Inst.
Private
University Companies
Research &
Vision Laws & Planning Projects &
Competence Education implementations
& Goals Legislation
development
City Council Municipality
Research Inst. NGOs
Private
University Companies
Waste Recovery in other countries www.wasterecovery.se
www.wasterecovery.se
30. The journey to realise our
dream
– from infrastructure to the
environment
2009. Accumulator
brought on-stream.
Second public biogas
filling station opened.
2006. Borås Energi
1984. Introduction och Miljö formed.
of coal and biofuel. Coordination of
1959. District energy and waste
heating introduced operations.
in Borås.
1996. Local heating, 2005. Return to
1995. Bio-drier
district cooling and waste
brought on-stream.
1965. Completion biogas. incineration!
of Ryaverket plant.
www.wasterecovery.se
Notas del editor
The slide shows the relation between the 3 first functions and the three top steps in waste hierarchy. This slide can emphasize the importance of waste source separation for having sustainable waste management.
Why should we perform MSW combustion? It is clear that this is necessary if the amount of landfilling are to decrease in a relatively short period of time. I have chosen three main categories to further describe the benefits with combustion: Treatment, Prevention and Production. With treatment means for example volume reduction (the volume of the solid waste will decrease with 90-95% when combusted). Preventions includes the prevention of more potent green house gases like methane which is formed in the landfills and even with modern techniques, it is difficult to construct a landfill where all produced methane is collected and utilized). But it can also be a mean to prevent water pollution by reducing the leakage (a smaller landfill is more easily controlled). Finally, it is possible to produce a useful product from MSW by combustion. This is when the liberated energy is transferred to an energy carrier (like steam) and hence the bonding energy within the MSW materials can be recovered to a high degree.
Here you can see the schematic of the MSW combustion facility in Borås. It is a fluidized bed boiler which mean that the material has to be pretreated before it enters (the incoming material must not be to large) but this on the other hand opens up for an efficient metal separation. After the combustion the hot flue gases passes through a number of heat exchangers where high pressure steam is produced (59 bar and 410°C). Finally gas cleaning occurs before the flue gases are released.