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1. 8th Grade Forensic Science

3. Fingerprint Principles
 A fingerprint is an individual characteristic; no two
people have been found with the exact same fingerprint
pattern.
 A fingerprint pattern will remain unchanged for the life
of an individual; however, the print itself may change due
to permanent scars and skin diseases.
 Fingerprints have general characteristic ridge patterns that
allow them to be systematically identified.
 In fact identical twins can have same DNA, but completely
different fingeprints.

4. A visual inspection of
friction skin reveals a
series
of
lines
corresponding to hills
(ridges) and valleys
(grooves). The shape
and form of the skin
ridges are what one sees
as the black lines of an
inked
fingerprint
impression.

5. Skin is composed of layers
of cells. Those nearest the
surface make up the outer
portion of the skin known as
the epidermis, and the inner
skin is known as the
dermis. A cross section of
skin reveals a boundary of
cells
separating
the
epidermis and dermis. The
shape of this boundary,
made up of dermal
papillae, determines the
form and pattern of the
ridges on the surface of the
skin.

16. Fingerprint Classes
 There are 3 specific classes for all fingerprints based
upon their visual pattern: Arches, Loops, and Whorls.
 Each group is divided into smaller groups as seen in the
lists below.
Arch
Plain arch
Tented arch
…….
Loop
Radial Loop
Ulnar loop
Whorl
Plain whorl
Central pocket whorl
Double loop whorl
…….

17. Interesting Info
Did you know
Fingerprint
Factoid ?
60% Loop
30% Whorl
5% Arch

18. Principle #3: Arches
 The plain arch is the simplest of all fingerprint patterns.
It is formed by ridges entering from one side of the print
and exiting on the opposite side. Generally, these ridges
tend to rise in the center of the pattern, forming a
wavelike pattern.
 The tented arch is similar to the plain arch except that
instead of rising smoothly at the center, there is a sharp
upthrust or spike, or the ridges meet at an angle that is
less than 90 degrees.
 Arches do not have type lines, deltas, or cores.

19. Arches
Arches are the simplest type of fingerprints that are formed by
ridges that enter on one side of the print and exit on the other. No
deltas are present.
Spike or “tent”
Plain Arch
Tented Arches
Ridges enter on one side and
exit on the other side.
Similar to the plain arch,
but has a spike in the center.

20. Arches
Be
practical, caut
ious and
suspicious
thinker.
Always in
search for a
concrete proof
of ideas.
Find
security, ste
p by step

21. LOOP
Loops must have one delta and one or more ridges that enter and
leave on the same side. These patterns are named for their positions
related to the radius and ulna bones.
Delta
Ulnar Loop (Right Thumb)
Loop opens toward
right or the ulna bone.
Radial Loop (Right Thumb)
Loop opens toward the
left or the radial bone.
NOTE: On the left hand, a loop that opens to the left would be an ulnar loop,
while one that opens to the right would be a radial loop.

22. Principle #3: Loops
The pattern area of the loop
is surrounded by two
diverging ridges known as
type lines. The ridge point
at or nearest the type-line
divergence and located at
or directly in front of the
point of divergence is
known as the delta.

23. Principle #3: Loops
To many, a fingerprint delta
resembles the silt formation
that builds up as a river flows
in the entrance of a lake hence the analogy to the
geological formation known
as a delta. All loops must
have one delta. The core, as
the name suggests, is the
approximate center of the
pattern.

24. LOOP
Delta
Ulnar Loop (Right Thumb)
Loop opens toward
right or the ulna bone.
Willing to be in
the flow of life
Be adaptable,
easy –going
and flexible
Express
yourself
according to
your feeling

25. LOOP
Delta
Radial Loop (Right Thumb)
Loop opens toward the
left or the radial bone.
Has strong
innovative
ability
Use converse
thinking, out-of
–world methods
to manage work
Be judgmental
characteristics

26. Whorls
Whorls have at least one ridge that makes (or tends to make) a
complete circuit. They also have at least two deltas. If a print has
more than two deltas, it is most likely an accidental.
Central
Pocket
Whorl
Plain
Whorl
Goal –
oriented
people
Be strict task
masters
Fixed
opinions and
strong views.

27. Whorls
Whorls have at least one ridge that makes (or tends to make) a
complete circuit. They also have at least two deltas. If a print has
more than two deltas, it is most likely an accidental.
Plain
Whorl
Central
Pocket
Whorl
Draw a line between the two deltas in the plain and central pocket
whorls. If some of the curved ridges touch the line, it is a plain whorl.
If none of the center core touches the line, it is a central pocket whorl.

28. Whorls
Accidental Whorl
Double Loop Whorl
Delta
Delta
Double loop whorls are
made up of any two loops
combined into one print.
Accidental whorls contain two
or
more
patterns
(not
including the plain arch), or
does not clearly fall under any
of the other categories.

29. Identify each fingerprint pattern.
Left Hand
Right Hand
Right Hand
Right Hand
Left Hand

30. It’s time to make
some prints!
Avoid
Partial
Prints
GOOD PRINT
Get as much of the top part
of your finger as possible!

31. Principle #1
If prints are to match, they
must reveal characteristics
that
not
only
are
identical, but have the
same relative location to
one another in a print. In a
judicial proceeding, a
point-by-point comparison
must be demonstrated by
the expert, using charts.

32. HOW TO DISCOVER
YOUR INBORN TALENTS ?
• Dermatoglyphics
• Your best solution.
EXPLORE MORE
AT I-TALENTS

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