The document summarizes key issues, opportunities, and challenges in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). It notes that ARMM has the highest poverty rate in the Philippines and has experienced decades of conflict and displacement. Infrastructure like health facilities, schools, police and fire stations are inadequate in many conflict-prone areas of Maguindanao province. Reforms have been implemented in ARMM but devolution of national programs and oversight of local governments remains incomplete. The passage of a new Bangsamoro Basic Law is seen as an opportunity to address structural issues limiting development in ARMM.
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From Conflict to Hope: Overcoming Development Challenges in the Bangsamoro
1. www.armm.gov.ph
From ARMM to the Bangsamoro:
ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PERILS
Atty. Laisa Masuhud Alamia
Executive Secretary, ARMM
2. Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
• 48.7% poverty incidence
• 30 municipalities prone to
armed conflict
• 36 municipalities prone to
hazard
• 5 provinces
• 2 cities
• 116 municipalities
• 2,490 barangays
Source:
ARMM HEART, Office on Civil Defense, GRM International (Survey Mapping the Conflict in
Mindanao), DENR-MGB, PhiVolcS
3. A. Overall Situation (ARMM)
• ARMM is the poorest region in the country at 48.7 poverty
incidence rate as of 2012. Lanao del Sur is the poorest province in the
country at 67.3 percent, and Maguindanao at 54.5 percent.
• GRDP has grown to 3.6 percent as of 2013, from negative 0.3%
GRDP in 2011. This has been attributed to improved delivery of
services and a more favorable investment climate due to the ongoing
reform agenda and the peace process.
• However, the development challenges in the area remain. This is
exacerbated by intergenerational cycles of conflict, insecurity, and
displacement in the region since 1970’s.
4. Waves of displacement in the recent past include:
• At least 982,000 persons displaced during the 2000 “all-out-
war”;
• Renewed AFP operations in the Buliok Complex in 2003
resulted in a net displacement figure of about 400,000 IDPs;
• During the aftermath of the aborted Memorandum of
Agreement on Ancestral Domain (MOA-AD) in 2008, the
NDCC reported an estimated 145,730 families or 728,659
persons uprooted by the fighting;
• Controlled special operations against the MILF breakaway
group BIFF in the aftermath of the 25 January 2015
Mamasapano tragedy has caused the displacement of more
than 125,000 people in the second district of Maguindanao.
5. Violent Conflict in ARMM
(2011-2014)
Source: Bangsamoro Conflict Monitoring System, World Bank
952
1,492
1,324
855
304
766
422
981
620
87-
400
800
1,200
1,600
Basilan Lanao del Sur Maguindanao Sulu Tawi-Tawi
Conflict incidents Conflict deaths
6. Source: Bangsamoro Conflict Monitoring System, World Bank
11,305
200
32,662
666 10
Basilan Lanao del Sur Maguindanao Sulu Tawi-Tawi
8. B. Overall Situation (Maguindanao)
• Maguindanao suffers most in terms of disaster,
both natural and manmade. Based on the 2010
WB-WFP study on violent conflicts in Central
Mindanao, Maguindanao is the province most
affected by displacement.
• A large segment of hostilities have focused on
this area, both during the Marcos regime and in
recent years.
• Between 2000 and 2010, displacement affected
four out of every five households in the province.
9. B. Overall Situation (2nd District, Maguindanao)
• Owing to the long-running Bangsamoro struggle, Maguindanao is
home to various revolutionary armed groups such as the MNLF and
the MILF. Also included are the BIFF and suspected private armed
groups of influential clans in the province.
• At the core of the 2nd district of Maguindanao is the so-called “SPMS
Box”, which has been historically designated by security forces as a
“no-man’s land”.
• Of the 24 municipalities in the second district, a total of 15
municipalities were affected by military operations from March to
May 2015, displacing 125,000 persons at its peak.
13. PAPs Gap in ARMM
National
Agency PAPs
PAPs
implemented
in ARMM
No PAPs in
ARMM
23 PAPs 9 PAPs 14 PAPs
Delayed Fund
Releases/ Thru
RO IX, X, XII
Fully funded
in the GAA
No fund
Allocation
15. Gaps in PAPs Implementation
2015 National
Programs
DEPED (23)
National
Programs in
ARMM
DEPED (9)
Not
Implemented in
ARMM
DEPED (14)
DWSD (9) DSWD (6) DSWD (1)
DOH (20) DOH (0) DOH (15)
DA (40) DA (34) DA (16)
DAR (19) DAR (17) DAR (2)
DILG (18) DILG (13) DILG (5)
DTI (7) DTI (0) DTI (7) Back
16. Gaps in PAPs Implementation
2015 National
Programs
DENR (28)
National
Programs in
ARMM
DENR (2)
Not
Implemented in
ARMM
DENR (26)
DOLE (16) DOLE (0) DOLE (16)
DOST (4) DOST (2) DOST (2)
DOT (6) DOT (0) DOT (6)
DOTC (7) DOTC (0) DOTC (7)
TESDA (2) TESDA (2) TESDA (0)
BFAR (20) BFAR (14) BFAR (1) Back
17. Gaps in Health Facility
HFEP
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
38.0%
of
BHS
COVERAGE
62.0%
of
BHS
GAP
18. Lack of BHS (88/200 barangays or 44%)
Gap in Health Facilities (as of 2015)
2/16
6/14
6/10 7/13
2/17
10/11
4/11
Hospitals
1 Rural Health Units per municipality
6/8
3/11
5/15
3/9
4/7
21/34
5/16
4/10
19. Access to Safe Drinking Water and
Sanitary Toilets
Source: FHSIS, IPHO-Maguindanao
-
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
32.30
- -
64.41
34.68
65.89
-
64.61
40.50
62.43
-
40.96
- - -
16.1
0 0
71.9
34.8
27
-
56.3
19.6
22.6
-
12.1
- - -
Household with Access to Safe Drinking Water Household with Sanitary Toilet
20. Schools commonly used as evacuation centers
Enrolment (2nd District) S.Y. 2013-2014
Elementary: 79,085 pupils
Secondary: 16,364 students
Number of Schools
Elementary: 275
Secondary: 34
Madaris: 17
21. Dilapidated School Buildings
Dilapidated School Buldings
Rajah Buayan
1.Bakat ES
2.Sampao ES
3.Dansalan ES
Mamasapano
1.Pidsandawan ES
2.Linantangan ES
3.Libutan ES
4.Mamasapano CES
Shariff Saydona
1.Gumbay ES
2.Pamalian ES
3.Pikeg ES
Datu Piang
1.Liong PS
2.Alongan PS
3. Dado ES
4. Damabalas ES
Datu Saudi
1.Madia ES
2.Kitapok PS
Guindulungan
1.Kalumamis ES
2.Muslim ES
DAM
1.Nunangen ES
22.
23. NAT Mean Percentage Scores
66.93
57.83
70.37
74.22
70.3 67.99
48.88
44.68
72.16
53.67
72.94
56.62
63.11
52.10
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
NATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT TEST FOR ELEMENTARY,SY 2013-2014
Source: DepEd-ARMM
24. POLICE STATIONS IN AFFECTED AREAS
Municipal Police Stations
Mamasapano
Datu Unsay
Shariff Aguak
Rajah Buayan
Datu Hoffer
Datu Saudi Ampatuan
Guindulungan
Talayan
Talitay (Sultan Sumagka)
Datu Anggal Midtimbang
Datu Odin Sinsuat
Datu Piang
Datu Abdullah Sangki
With Structure
Without Structure
25. FIRE STATION AND FIRE TRUCKS IN AFFECTED AREAS
Municipalities With Fire
Stations
Without
Fire
Stations
With Fire
Trucks
Without
Fire
Trucks
Mamasapano
Datu Unsay
Shariff Aguak
(1 Isuzu Morita
pumper and 1
penetrator)
Datu Salibo
Rajah Buayan
Datu Hoffer
Datu Saudi
Ampatuan
(1 Isuzu NPR
mini pumper)
Guindulungan
Talayan
(1 Fire truck
owned by LGU)
Talitay
Datu Anggal
Midtimbang
Datu Odin Sinsuat
(1 Isuzu Morita
Pumper and 2
firetrucks
owned by LGU)
Datu Piang
(1 Nissan
Pumper and 1
KIA CERES mini
pumper)
D. Abdullah Sangki
Shariff Saydona
Mustapha
With Fire Station
Without Fire Station
26. LOCAL STRUCTURES IN THE AFFECTED MUNICIPALITIES
Municipalities
P/C/
M/
BDC
P/C/
M LUC
P/C/
MPMC
Maguindanao / / /
Mamasapano / / /
Datu Unsay / / Non-
Functional
Shariff Aguak / Non-
Functional
/
Datu Salibo / / /
Rajah Buayan Non-
Functi
onal
Non-
Functional
Non-
Functional
Datu Hoffer / Non-
Functional
/
Datu Saudi
Ampatuan
/ / /
Guindulungan / Non-
Functional
Not
Organized
Talayan / Non-
Functional
Non-
Functional
Talitay / Non-
Functional
/
Datu Anggal
Midtimbang
/ Non-
Functional
Non-
Functional
Datu Odin
Sinsuat
/ / /
Datu Piang / Non-
Functional
Non-
Functional
Datu Abdullah
Sangki
/ / /
Shariff
Saydona
Mustapha
Functional LDC
Non Functional LDC
27. OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE
• Not implemented
• Devolution of agencies and departments in
ARMM not complete
• ARMM has no program funds; these are
matters that are supposed to be discussed in
the oversight committee as part of the
devolution process
28. Devolution
• Incomplete devolution from national to
regional, regional to local government units
• Regional government does not have direct
authority over LGUs, particularly on utilization
of funds (IRA) and implementation of
programs
29. Reforms in ARMM
• Governance: Good Governance Conditions, ISO
accreditation, GSIS issue resolution, “ghost-
busting”
• Education
• Public Works/Infrastructure
• Civil Service
• Investments/Economy
• Employment/Livelihood Programs
• Land issues: Cadastral Survey
• Increased budget/program funds
30. But still….
• While corruption issues can be resolved, good
governance measures can be implemented,
and sustainable programs/projects can be
implemented with impact at the grassroots
level, there are structural defects within
ARMM that can be resolved through the
passage of the BBL.
On the overall, ARMM is the poorest region in the country, at 48.7 poverty incidence rate as of 2012. Lanao del Sur is the poorest province in the country at 67.3 percent, and Maguindanao at 54.5 percent.
GRDP has grown to 3.6 percent as of 2013, from negative 0.3% GRDP in 2011. This has been attributed to improved delivery of services and a more favorable investment climate due to the ongoing reform agenda and the peace process.
However, the development challenges in the area remain. This is exacerbated by intergenerational cycles of conflict, insecurity, and displacement in the region since the 1970’s. Waves of displacement in the recent past.
Waves of displacement in the recent past includes…..
At least 982,000 persons displaced during the 2000 “all-out-war”.
Renewed AFP operations in the Buliok complex in 2003 resulted in a net displacement figure of about 400,000 IDPs.
During the aftermath of the aborted Memorandum of Agreement on Ancestral Domain (MOA-AD) in 2008, the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) reported an estimated 145,730 families or 728,659 persons uprooted by the fighting. This figure later decreased to about 250,000 persons by 2009 with the return, relocation, and resettlement of many IDPs due to the ceasefire agreement and the halt of military operations by both MILF and AFP.
20 days of controlled special operations against the MILF breakaway group BIFF in the aftermath of the 25 January 2015 Mamasapano tragedy has caused the displacement of more than 125,000 people in the second district of Maguindanao.
5
6
7
Maguindanao suffers most in terms of disaster, both natural and manmade. As shown in a 2010 WB-WFP study on violent conflicts in Central Mindanao, Maguindanao is the province most affected by displacement
2nd district in Maguindanao in particular, owing to the long-running Bangsamoro struggle, Maguindanao is home to various revolutionary armed groups such as the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). Also included are the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF) and suspected private armed groups of influential clans in the province.
At the core of the 2nd district of Maguindanao is the so-called “SPMS Box”, which has been historically designated by security forces as a “no-man’s land”. Of the 24 municipalities in the second district, a total of fifteen (15) municipalities were affected by military operations from March to May 2015, displacing at least 125,000 persons at its peak.
With this, the second district is the priority area of intervention for HDAP Volume 1, as many of the armed groups listed above operate in the area, particularly along the fringes of the Ligawasan Marsh