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2. Misuse of Position and Power
About this article:-
An IAS couple is transferred after dog-walking
incident on the tracks of Thyagraj Stadium, Delhi
at a time when young athletes should have been
practising on it.
What rules govern the behaviour of high
officials of the government?
 The three All India Services (IAS, IPS,
Indian Forest Service) are governed by the
All India Service Conduct Rules, 1968. There are 23 Rules in all.
 The other civil services are governed by the Central Civil Services (CCS) Conduct Rules,
1964, which comprise 25 Rules.
 By an amendment in August 2014, several points were added that may be seen as having a
bearing on the conduct of the IAS officers in the recent cases. These include:
 Every member of the Service shall commit himself to and uphold the supremacy of the
Constitution and democratic values;
 not misuse his position as civil servant and not take decisions in order to derive
financial or material benefits for himself, his family or his friends;
 act with fairness and impartiality and not discriminate against anyone, particularly the poor
and the under-privileged sections of society;
 Refrain from doing anything which is or may be contrary to any law, rules, regulations
and established practices, among others things.
 The overarching Rule for civil servants is: Every member of the Service shall at all times
maintain absolute integrity and devotion to duty and shall do nothing which is unbecoming of
a member of the Service.
 “They shall maintain high ethical standards, integrity and honesty; political neutrality;
accountability and transparency; responsiveness to the public, particularly to the weaker
section; courtesy and good behaviour with the public.”
Importance of values and ethics to Public Servant
 Public service values or civil service values are those values and ethics should be followed
while carrying out their duties.
Values to be followed
 Adhere to the Values such as Integrity, Honesty, Objectivity, Non-partisanship, Impartiality,
Empathy, Compassion, Conflict of interest etc
 Patriotism and upholding national pride
 Allegiance to the Constitution and the law of the nation
 Objectivity, honesty, care and diligence, courtesy and transparency
 Maintain absolute integrity.

3.  Discharge official duties with competence and accountability; without discrimination and in
accordance with the law.
 Ensure effective management, professional growth and leadership development.
 Avoid misuse of official position or information and using the public moneys with utmost
care and economy.
 Function with the objective serving public.
 Public Servants are to serve as instruments of good governance and to provide services for
the betterment of the public at large.
 Foster socio-economic development, with due regard to the diversity of the nation
 These values ensure an effective civil service which functions honestly, impartially and
efficiently.
 These values empower the administrator to fill the gaps of trust deficit between the citizens
and the Government.
 These foundational values provide lawfulness to the behavior of an administrator and make it
more effective.
 Since civil servants have discretionary powers the values are important to give them certain
guidance to prevent abuse of power.
What is Provisional GDP?
About this article:-
On August 31, the Ministry of Statistics and
Programme Implementation (MoSPI) will
release the so-called “Provisional Estimates
(or PEs)” of GDP for the last financial year
(2021-22).
What are Provisional Estimates and what
is their significance?
 The provisional estimates are important because they will be the first formal estimates of how
India grew in the full financial year 2021-22.
 In the past, MoSPI has released two “advance” estimates of GDP.
 The first advance estimates (FAEs) were released on January 7th and they expected India’s
GDP to grow by 9.2% in 2021-22.
 Next, in end-February, the MoSPI updated the FAEs by adding data for the third quarter
(October to December).
 These were labelled as the second advance estimates (SAEs). The SAEs dialled down the
full-year growth to 8.9%.
 The provisional estimates (or PEs) that will be released on August 31 will go a step further.
 They will add the data from the fourth quarter (January to March) and thus provide the most
complete picture of how India’s economy performed in 2021-22.

4.  The GDP growth in 2021-22 will tell us the extent of India’s economic recovery.
 Apart from telling us how robust was India’s recovery, the provisional estimates will also set
the base on which the current financial year’s GDP growth will be calculated.
What to look for in provisional estimates?
GDP and GVA
 For any financial year, the two main variables of national income are GDP and GVA (or
Gross Value Added).
 The GDP calculates India’s national income by adding up all the expenditures in the
economy while the GVA calculates the national income from the supply side by
looking at the value-added in each sector of the economy.
 While both the variables measure national income, they are linked as follows:
 GDP = (GVA) + (Taxes earned by the government) — (Subsidies provided by the
government).
 As such, if the government earned more from taxes than what it spent on subsidies, GDP
will be higher than GVA.
 If, on the other hand, the government provided subsidies in excess of its tax revenues, the
absolute level of GVA would be higher than the absolute level of GDP.
 This set of data is based on the SAEs. But the provisional estimates will update all these data
points.
GDP vs GVA
 GDP maps the economy from the expenditure (or demand) side — that is by adding up
all the expenditures.
GDP = private consumption + gross investment + government investment + government

5. spending + (exports-imports).
 The Gross Value Added (GVA) provides a picture of the economy from the supply side.
 GVA maps the “value-added” by different sectors of the economy such as agriculture,
industry and services.
Gross Value Added = GDP + subsidies on products – taxes on products.
In 2015, India opted to make major changes to its compilation of national accounts and decided
to bring the whole process into conformity with the United Nations System of National
Accounts (SNA) of 2008.
 Change of base year from 2004-2005 to 2011-2012
 Replacing Factor Cost with Market Prices
 Broadening of data pool
 Improved coverage of financial corporations in GDP estimation (like stock brokers, stock
exchanges, asset management companies, mutual funds and pension funds).
Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)
About this article:-
50% of rural households in India have now
been covered under the Jal Jeevan Mission.
 At the time of launch of Jal Jeevan
Mission in 2019, only 3.23 Crore
households i.e. 17% of the rural
population had access to drinking
water through taps.
Performance of the scheme:
 Certain state and union territories such
as Goa, Telangana, A&N Islands, D&N Haveli and Daman & Diu, Puducherry and Haryana
have already achieved 100% household connections.
 Punjab, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh and Bihar have coverage of more than 90% and are
progressing fast towards attaining the status of ‘Har Ghar Jal (water in every household)’.
About the Jal Jeevan Mission:
JJM envisages supply of 55 litres of water
per person per day to every rural
household through Functional Household
Tap Connections (FHTC) by 2024.
It is under the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
 It was launched in 2019.

6. The mission ensures:
1. Functionality of existing water supply
systems and water connections.
2. Water quality monitoring and testing as well as sustainable agriculture.
3. Conjunctive use of conserved water.
4. Drinking water source augmentation.
5. Drinking water supply system, grey water treatment and its reuse.
It also encompasses:
1. Prioritizing provision of FHTCs in quality affected areas, villages in drought prone and desert
areas, Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) villages, etc.
2. Providing functional tap connection to Schools, Anganwadi centres, Gram Panchayat
buildings, Health centres, wellness centres and community buildings.
3. Technological interventions for removal of contaminants where water quality is an issue.
Implementation:
 The Mission is based on a community approach to water and includes extensive
Information, Education and Communication as a key component of the mission.
 JJM looks to create a jan andolan for water, thereby making it everyone’s priority.
 The fund sharing pattern between the Centre and states is 90:10 for Himalayan and North-
Eastern States, 50:50 for other states, and 100% for Union Territories.
International Day of UN Peacekeepers
About this article:-
International Day of UN Peacekeepers is observed globally on 29th May.
Theme for 2022: “People. Peace. Progress. The Power of Partnerships.”

7. Why is it observed on 29th?
The first UN peacekeeping mission was established on 1948, May 29 when the Security Council
deployed a small number of UN military observers to the Middle East to form the United Nations
Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) with the objective to monitor the Armistice
Agreement between Israel and its Arab neighbours.
What is peacekeeping? Its significance?
 United Nations Peacekeeping is a joint effort between the Department of Peace
Operations and the Department of Operational Support.
 Every peacekeeping mission is authorized by the Security Council.
Composition:
1. UN peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Berets or Blue Helmets because of their light
blue berets or helmets) can include soldiers, police officers, and civilian personnel.
2. Peacekeeping forces are contributed by member states on a voluntary basis.
3. Civilian staff of peace operations are international civil servants, recruited and deployed by
the UN Secretariat.
UN Peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles:
1. Consent of the parties.
2. Impartiality.
3. Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate.
How are UN Peacekeeping operations funded?
 While decisions about establishing, maintaining or expanding a peacekeeping operation
are taken by the Security Council, the financing of UN Peacekeeping operations is the
collective responsibility of all UN Member States.
 Every Member State is legally obligated to pay their respective share towards
peacekeeping. This is in accordance with the provisions of Article 17 of the Charter of the
United Nations.
The top 5 providers of assessed
contributions to United Nations
Peacekeeping operations for 2020-
2021 are:
1. United States (27.89%).
2. China (15.21%).
3. Japan (8.56%).
4. Germany (6.09%).
5. United Kingdom (5.79%).

8. UN Habitat
About this article:-
UN-Habitat has identified various pressing
issues posing challenges for urban planners of
Jaipur City.
Issues highlighted include:
1. Rapid expansion of cities.
2. Weak urban mobility.
3. Extreme levels of drought during summer and also urban floods.
Recommendations:
1. Increase the green cover, strengthen urban biodiversity, and thereby enhance the quality
of life for citizens.
2. Implement the idea of a compact city with re-development and re-densification of the
existing urban areas.
3. To curb development on the city’s outskirts, link the distance from the main city to the
development charges imposed on citizens.
4. Eco-trails with plantations along natural drainage channels and railway tracks are
recommended in the city.
5. The 800 dry wells in City could be used for rainwater harvesting and raising the water table,
mitigating urban floods and ensuring efficient utilisation of water resources.
About UN Habitat:
 The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN–Habitat) is the United Nations
agency for human settlements and sustainable urban development.
 It was established in 1978 as an outcome of the First UN Conference on Human
Settlements and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat I) held in Vancouver,
Canada in 1976.
 It is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to promote socially and
environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter
for all.
 It is a member of the United Nations Development Group.
 UN-Habitat reports to the United Nations General Assembly.
 It has its headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya.
Habitat Agenda:
 The mandate of UN-Habitat derives from the Habitat Agenda, adopted by the United
Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) in Istanbul, Turkey, in 1996.
 The twin goals of the Habitat Agenda are adequate shelter for all and the development of
sustainable human settlements in an urbanizing world.

9. Indus water talks between India, Pak begin in New Delhi
About this article:-
India and Pakistan have begun another
round of the Permanent Indus
Commission meeting that is held annually
under Indus Water Treaty (IWT) 1960.
 The Indus talks have survived the
freeze in ties as both countries see it
as mandatory under the IWT.
 Under the provisions of the treaty, the two sides are required to meet at least once every
year, alternately in India and Pakistan.
 The last meeting, held on March 23-24, 2021 in New Delhi.
About the Indus Water Treaty:
 It is a Water-Distribution Treaty, signed in Karachi on 1960, between India (Pm Jawaharlal
Nehru) and Pakistan (President Ayub Khan), brokered by the World Bank.
How is the Indus water share between India and Pakistan?
Under the provisions of the Indus Waters Treaty, signed between India and Pakistan in 1960, all
the waters of the eastern rivers — the Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi — amounting to around 33 MAF
(million acre-feet) annually is allocated to India for unrestricted use.
 The waters of western rivers — Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab — amounting to around 135
MAF annually are largely for Pakistan.

10. The right to generate hydroelectricity:
Under the Treaty, India has been given the right to generate hydroelectricity through a run of the
river projects on the western rivers subject to specific criteria for design and operation.
 It also gives the right to Pakistan to raise concerns on the design of Indian hydroelectric
projects on western rivers.
Permanent Indus Commission:
 The Permanent Indus Commission is a bilateral commission of officials from India and
Pakistan, created to implement and manage goals of the Indus Waters Treaty, 1960.
 The Commission according to the treaty must meet regularly at least once a year, alternately
in India and Pakistan.
The functions of the Commission are:
 to study and report to the two Governments on any problem relating to the development on
the waters of the rivers.
 to solve disputes arising over water sharing.
 to arrange technical visits to projects’ sites and critical river head works.
 to undertake, once in every five years, a general tour of inspection of the Rivers for
ascertaining the facts.
 to take necessary steps for the implementation of the provisions of the treaty.
India finalises deals for cheetahs from South Africa and Namibia
About this article:-
India will release cheetahs from South
Africa and Namibia into the wild at Kuno
Palpur in Sheopur district of Madhya
Pradesh, possibly by the end of this year.
 To begin with, there will be 12
cheetahs from South Africa and
eight from Namibia. More would
follow in subsequent years.
Cheetah reintroduction project:
The project to translocate cheetahs from Africa to India is being implemented by the environment
ministry with the help of the Wildlife Institute of India.
 The Supreme Court had appointed an expert panel, which approved Kuno Palpur as the
possible location for cheetah relocation.
What is reintroduction and why reintroduce Cheetah now?
 ‘Reintroduction’ of a species means releasing it in an area where it is capable of surviving.

11.  Reintroductions of large carnivores have increasingly been recognised as a strategy to
conserve threatened species and restore ecosystem functions.
 The cheetah is the only large carnivore that has been extirpated, mainly by over-hunting in
India in historical times.
 India now has the economic ability to consider restoring its lost natural heritage for ethical as
well as ecological reasons.
Facts:
 The cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus, is one of the oldest of the big cat species, with ancestors that
can be traced back more than five million years to the Miocene era.
 The cheetah is also the world’s fastest land mammal.
 African Cheetah is listed as vulnerable in IUCN red listed species.
 The country’s last spotted feline died in Chhattisgarh in 1947. Later, the cheetah — which is
the fastest land animal — was declared extinct in India in 1952.
 The Asiatic cheetah is classified as a “critically endangered” species by the IUCN Red List,
and is believed to survive only in Iran.
Reasons for extinction:
 The reasons for extinction can all be traced to man’s interference. Problems like human-
wildlife conflict, loss of habitat and loss of prey, and illegal trafficking, have decimated their
numbers.
 The advent of climate change and growing human populations have only made these
problems worse.
 With less available land for wildlife, species that require vast home range like the cheetah are
placed in competition with other animals and humans, all fighting over less space.