Presentation of the National Workshop on " Blueprint Water Accounting in India"

1. National Workshop on " Blueprint Water Accounting in India"
15 February 2017, New Delhi

2. Blueprint for a Water
Accounting System in India

3. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
Main elements to be considered for the development of the Blueprint
 Alignment with International Standards: Handling clear and agreed concepts and
taking advantage of worldwide experience
 Ease of Implementation: Availability of the required datasets in India, either from
direct sources as metering or from surrogate data able to feed a robust assessment
 Fit and Complementarity: Fitting in general IWRM strategy and complementarity
with other tools already in use or under development
 Transparency and Involvement of States and Stakeholders: Provision of data,
participation in discussions and acceptance of results
 Short and Long Term Objectives: Selection of indicators and general framework to
respond to both the immediate key issues as well as the medium and long term
challenges for water governance in India

4. PQ-1 Increasing conflicts on water use and/or consumption between key economic
sectors (urban, energy, agriculture, industry) and administrative areas (States, Districts)
about sharing water resources and the benefits from their use
PQ-2 Deteriorating environment due to increased pressures (quality, quantity), providing less
ecosystem services to people
PQ-3 Climate change effects on water use, and long-term development of economy, society
and the environment
Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
What are the overarching policy questions?

5. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
• Which area (state, district…) is consuming how much (of the available) water (by
which sectors) What are the trends?
• Which would be a sustainable and equitable use? Which are the areas that are
driving over-exploitation and conflicts?
• What are the expected consumption trends for the future (in sectors/areas)?
• How can future water consumption trends be influenced? Which policy options
(governance, investments) shall be promoted (in which area/sector)?
• Which are the economic and social benefits and trade-offs of the current water use
(area, sector)? How can benefits be increased/optimized?
PQ-1. Sharing water resources
Which policy decisions must be informed? [1]

6. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
• How are areas/sectors benefitting from access to water in comparison to their role in
contributing to the costs of water management adequately (e.g. by proportion of water use,
benefits associated to water use, area, number of people, etc.)?
• How does water quality affect economic activity (agriculture and energy production) and
society (health, well-being)?
PQ-1. Sharing water resources
Which policy decisions must be informed? [2]
Indicators Other tools
Water Consumption Index
Consumption ratios (per capita, per hectare, per kw-h)
Further Indicators can be developed in a second stage,
on the basis of the Water Accounting System
Water Productivity Index
Cost recovery ratio
Water Quality Index
Studies for defining sustainability thresholds
Physical Water Supply and Use Tables from SEEA-Water
Case studies to evaluate impacts and potential responses
DSS modelling (to be developed under IWRM - RBMP)
Hydrological modelling to feed DSS and SEEAW
SEEAW Hybrid Accounts
Virtual Water Trade
SEEAW Water Emissions Accounts

7. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
PQ-1. Sharing water resources
Indicator - Water Consumption Index
WCI =
Abstraction (Irrigation + Human Supply + Manufacturing + Energy + Others) − Returns
TARWR (Total Actual Renewable Water Resources)
Scale of application
Key data requirements
Formulation
Basin - State
Water abstraction by sector
Efficiency estimates by sector
Water resources assessment
Rationale Information on the level of
pressures exerted by the different
sectors on water resources.
European Union RBs. WEI+ Autumn 2005 (Use of freshwater resources)
Adimensional
[hm3] / [hm3]
Policy relevance / use Focus on RB with higher values.
Solutions for sustainable water
quantity management.
Establishment, implementation
and monitoring of e-flows.

8. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
PQ-1. Sharing water resources
Indicator - Consumption ratios
CR =
Sectoral consumption (abstraction − returns)
Magnitude of the driver (inhabitants, hectares, kw−h … ).
Basin – State – Irrigation District – Municipality – Energy production facility
Water abstraction
Efficiency estimates
Statistics on drivers
Comparable information on
consumption values for a specific
sector (or even crop) in a State,
basin or geographical unit
Ebro RBMP 2010-2015 (Spain). Irrigation water consumption (m3/ha)
m3 / inhabitant,
m3 / ha, m3 / kwh
Reference to national and / or
international benchmarks.
Identification of inefficient use
patterns and taking action
Scale of application
Key data requirements
Formulation
Rationale
Policy relevance / use

9. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
PQ-1. Sharing water resources
Indicator - Water Productivity Index
WPI =
Economic Output
Water Consumption / Water abstraction
Basin – State – Sector – Crop - Irrigation District
Water abstraction
(Efficiency estimates)
Economic output
Information on how much economic
output is produced per cubic meter of
fresh water (either consumed or
abstracted)
Economic water productivity (EWP) of crop production in the Ganga
RB in the period 2008-2011 (IWMI Research Report 167)
Rupee / m3
Scale of application
Key data requirements
Formulation
Rationale
Policy relevance / use Comparison of relative economic efficiency
across sectors and territories, supporting
objectives for economic performance and
water use. Also to inform potential water
re-allocation schemes

10. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
PQ-1. Sharing water resources
Indicator – Cost Recovery Ratio
CR =
Payment by User
Total Costs of Water Services
(%)
State – Sector
Taxes and Tariffs
Costs of water services
Part of the investment for proper water
management recovered by prices, direct
taxes and tariffs. Differences suggest
trade-offs and cross subsidies
Summary of cost recovery index based on SEEAW.
Guadalquivir RB (Spain), 2012
Cost-recovery levels for water and sanitation
services in the domestic sector (EEA, 2013)
Scale of application
Key data requirements
Formulation
Rationale
Policy relevance / use Setting appropriate incentives for better
water use. Differences across sectors
and territories suggest trade-offs and/
or cross subsidies

11. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
PQ-1. Sharing water resources
Indicator - Water Quality Index
Quality classification based on multiple criteria (see Table)
State – Basin
Coliforms, pH, dissolved Oxygen, BOD,
Free Ammonia, Conductivity, SAR
Classification of water quality to determine
potential use, informing on boundaries for the
utilization of specific sources for certain economic
activities and/or human supply and the level of
treatment needed
Central Pollution Control Board
Scale of application
Key data requirements
Formulation
Rationale
Policy relevance / use Evaluation of the adequacy of water quality to
actual and / or intended use. Triggering action to
recover status if values deviate from required
standards

12. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
How much water shall be set aside (not used/consumed)
for maintaining freshwater ecosystems?
How does water quality affect the environment and
freshwater ecosystems?
PQ-2. Ecosystem Services
Which policy decisions must be informed? Indicators Other tools
No specific
indicator
suggested
Assessment of e-flows (rivers and deltas)
and wetland water needs.
Assessment of hydrological alteration
Determination of environmental objectives
and adequate responses following DPSIR
Possible implementation of SEEA-
Ecosystem Accounting
WCI is an indicator of water stress but no international agreed
threshold has been set so far:
 EEA suggests WEI+ > 20 % implies water resource is under
stress, while WEI+ > 40 % indicates unsustainability.
 Hoekstra et al. estimate blue water availability by reducing
total natural runoff by 80% to account for presumed e-flows
Water resources in Europe in the context of vulnerability
— European Environment Agency

13. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
How will climate change trends affect water availability
and consumption?
Which policy options (governance, investments) shall be
promoted (in which area/sector) for climate change
resilience?
PQ-3. Climate change
Which policy decisions must be informed? Indicators Other tools
No specific
indicator
suggested
WCI, SEEAW and DSS reflecting impacts in
NWR and their availability
Hydrological modelling to translate climate
scenarios into water availability.
Integrated analysis of cost and benefits of
water policy
Examples of current vulnerabilities of freshwater resources and their
management; in the background, a water stress map based on Alcamo et al
Reports from both the International Panel on
Climate Change and the UN World Water
Assessment Programme use indicators on water
stress to illustrate current status of water quantity
problems and to monitor the observed hydrological
changes due to climate and analyzing the drivers of
change for freshwater resources (climatic and non-
climatic)

14. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
The SEEAW is a UN Standard developed to provide a conceptual framework for
organizing economic and hydrological information, enabling a consistent analysis of the
contribution of water to the economy and of the impact of the economy on water
resources, thus helping to promote IWRM.
Framework: System of Environmental Economic Accounts for Water [SEEAW]
In combination with the RB Decision Support Systems, will help the GoI for:
 Making informed decisions on the efficient allocation of water among users
 Understanding the impacts of drivers on all users, including climate change
 Helping to get the most value for money from investing in infrastructure
 Getting stakeholders involved in decision-making
The SEEAW provides an information system to feed knowledge into the decision-making
process, facilitating a more coordinated development of water resources. I is also a
consistent framework to monitor indicators and to improve their quality.

15. Water Exploitation Index, Godavari River Basin
Highest WEI: 43.84 in 2002—03, a low rainfall year
Lowest WEI: 10.33 in 1990-91, a high rainfall year
WEI Range Inference
as per EU
standards
No of years
of
occurrence
Less than
10%
Non-
stressed
0
10-20% Low stress 6
20%-40% Water
stressed
11
More than
40%
Severe
water
stress
3
Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India

16. Water Consumption Index, Godavari River Basin
Highest WCI: 28.8 in 2002—03, a low rainfall year
Lowest WCI: 6.45 in 1990-91, a high rainfall year
WCI
Range
Inference as
per literature
Review
No of years
of
occurrence
<6% No stress 0
6-12% Low water
stress
4
12-24% Water
stressed
13
Above
24%
Severe water
stress
3
Average WCI for European rivers is
around 3%
Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India

17. Water Exploitation Index, Brahmani-Baitarani River Basin
Highest WEI: 32.3 in 2004—05, a low rainfall year
Lowest WEI: 6.45 in 1994-95, a high rainfall year
WEI Range Inference
as per EU
standards
No of years
of
occurrence
Less than
10%
Non-
stressed
15
10-20% Low stress 4
20%-40% Water
stressed
1
More than
40%
Severe
water
stress
0
Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India

18. Water Consumption Index, Brahmani-Baitarani River Basin
Highest WCI: 19.44 in 2004—05, a low rainfall year
Lowest WCI: 1.93 in 1991-92, a high rainfall year
WCI
Range
Inference as
per literature
Review
No of years
of
occurrence
<6% No stress 16
6-12% Low water
stress
3
12-24% Water
stressed
1
Above
24%
Severe water
stress
0
Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India

19. Relationship between Rainfall and WCI
73% of variation in WCI in Godavari and 84% of the variation in WCI in Brahmani-Baitarani is explained by the
annual rainfall.
Multiple-regression model can also be developed.
Useful for predicting WCI with respect to known magnitude of a rainfall.
Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India

20. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
Key questions
 Level of Granularity Proposed (e.g. river basin, sub basin, State, irrigation district etc.)
 Timeframe: Actions to be implemented phase-wise
 Governance: Alignment between Central Government and the States
 Data Availability: Center vs state; other agencies
 Additional suggestions?

21. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
Institutional set-up. Data management in the EU

22. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
• River basin boundaries
• Region (cross-check with measures, e.g. Rural development Plans)
• Supply systems: quantitative water management
• Water bodies - DPSIR
Institutional set-up. Granularity of the assessment
Annual irrigation water needs in Guadalquivir RBD (m3/ha)
m3/ha
Supply Systems in Guadalquivir RBD Status of Surface WBs in Guadalquivir RB (2015)
m3/ha
High
Good
Moderate
Poor
Bad

23. 1. Set-up of a shared governance system for water data between the GoI and States, and likely other
institutions
• Datasets shall be provided by different competent authorities, with quality check
• Openness to incorporate data from additional sources, like Districts, municipalities or NGOs
2. Strengthening of the Analytical capacity of available datasets
• Increase policy dialogue with WRIS, increase internal analytical capacity for developing relevant policy messages,
and/or subcontracting of a support team for the analysis (e.g. EEA ETCs)
• Set-up of an Advisory Board with (remunerated) experts to participate in the formulation of the assessments
3. Need for a better communication, accessibility and transparency of datasets available
• Exchange and pre-validation of data and results with (concerned) States and other institutions, before the launch of
public communications
• Recognize uncertainties and data gaps, develop a working platform with concerned States and other institutions to
agree on technical and political aspects of data management
• Improve relevance of currently displayed information and messages
• Improve access to full datasets
Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
Institutional set-up: Recommendations for India

24. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
Next steps 1: Possible timeline
1 Feb 2017 Scoping exercise for identifying needs, approach, strategy and possible partners
2 Mar 2017 Set-up of institutional arrangements & ToR
3 Jun 2017 Set-up of the WRIS for SEEA-W water accounting framework
4 Sep 2017
“Trust building” training and agreement with (GoI, State and other) authorities. Check
of first results. Technical guidance?
5 Sep-Dec 2017 Refining of first results: “Manual” reception and incorporation of data
6
Dec 2017 – Feb
2018
On-site validation of reported data with inspections and metering
7 Mar 2018
First edition of the water use/consumption map/indicator (output) – Publication and
presentation
8 Apr 2018 Follow-up “trust building” feedback workshop with authorities
9 Next reporting and data validation cycle

25. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
Next steps 2: Organisation
Key messages co-definition
Consultants
Data gathering & management
Data analysis
MoWR, RD & GRAdvisory Group
States & other authorities
Coordination
Data provision & validation
Project Management Unit
Strategy and analysis
Data gathering & management
Stakeholders involvement
Strategy and analysis
Data gathering & management
Stakeholders involvement
Support 2030WRG & IEWP
supportcoordinate
advise
supervise
report
supervise

26. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
 Establish Project Management Unit within CWC
 Defining ToR for support and consultancies
 Revisiting ambition and scope with Advisory Group and consultants
 3 river basins (Krishna, Godavari and Mahanadi)
 State-related data, further granularity tbd
 Sector-based (agriculture, livestock, urban, industrial, energy) data , further
granularity tbd
 Yearly data, further granularity tbd
 SEEA-W Accounting tool
 Indicators. WCI, further indicators tbd
Next steps 3: What to do now?

27. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
ANNEX. Structure of the Draft Report
1. Introduction and Framework
2. Executive Summary
3. Existing Water Databases, Indicators, and Approaches for Water Accounting In India
4. Water Accounting
5. Water Management Indicators
6. Blueprint for Water Accounting System in India
6.1. Targets and Key Messages
6.2. Water Management Indicators
6.3. Water Accounts
6.4. Other Water Management Tools
6.5. Stepwise Approach for a Water Information System in India
7. Recommendations and Learned Lessons for the Implementation of the Blueprint