This is a presentation by Duncan MacQueen, principal researcher at the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), about the importance of including smallholder producers and producer organisations in sustainable value chains to strengthen local resilience to external shocks. Macqueen used the example of his work with the Forest and Farm Facility (FFF) program at the FTA Science Conference 2020. The presentation focuses on the role of commercial organisation around accountable finance systems at four tiered levels: local producer groups, regional aggregators and processors, national advocacy federations, international alliances. More details: https://www.iied.org/locally-controlled-forestry

1. www.iied.org @IIED
Duncan Macqueen
Organisational innovations
that make community
forestry prosperous

2. Duncan Macqueen @IIED
‘Negotiated visions of what people value and have reason to value in line with the common good’
Values…
based on
familiarity
Land and natural resources
Jobs and material wealth
based on
common
interest
Social networks and relationships
Health and security
based on
passions
Education and fulfilment
Cultural identity / purpose / recreation
The
common
good
Macqueen, D., Bolin, A., Greijmans, M., Grouwels, S. and Humphries, S. (2020) Innovations towards prosperity emerging in locally
controlled forest business models and prospects for scaling up. World Development 125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.08.004
Why ‘prosperity’?
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous

3. Duncan Macqueen @IIED
• Continuing forest loss threatens global climate
– net forest loss of 3.3 million hectares per year
• Main drivers of forest loss lie elsewhere –
industrial agriculture / forestry
• Positive impacts of community forestry –
Secure ‘community forestry’ delivers more! – forest,
biocultural diversity, livelihoods, climate resilience
• Scale is collectively huge – products worth
US$1.3 trillion annually – 26% of world’s forests –
40% of protected areas.
• COVID-19 – highlights fragility of supply chains and
need for sustainable local production
3
Why community forestry?
Macqueen, D. and Mayers, J. (2020) Unseen foresters – an assessment of approaches for wider recognition and spread of sustainable
forest management by local communities. WWF-Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden. https://pubs.iied.org/g04468
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous

4. Duncan Macqueen @IIED 4
Diversity
of
landscapes
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous

5. Duncan Macqueen @IIED 5
Diversity
of
value
chains
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous

6. Duncan Macqueen @IIED 6
1. If I plant or manage it, will I benefit and / or can I sell it?
Rights and institutional setting – secure tenure
2. If I can sell it, will I get a fair price?
Addressing community needs – market access
3. If I can sell it at a fair price, can I grow it to specification?
Availability of natural resource – technical extension
4. Can collective organization ensure the above until harvest?
Effective governance and participation – organisation
5. If yes, is collective action able to cope with the unexpected?
Adaptive management and learning – flexibility
How to make community forestry prosperous?
Macqueen, D.J. and deMarsh, P. (2016) Enabling investment for locally controlled forestry. Chapter 7 pp 109-131 in Forests, Business and
Sustainability; edited by Rajat Panwar, Robert Kozak and Eric Hansen.
Focus
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous

7. Duncan Macqueen @IIED
4th Tier – regional
cooperation – global
advocacy / exchanges
3rd Tier – National policy
representation, channel
project finance
2nd Tier – Regional value addition,
marketing, business incubation,
finance, projects
1st Tier –
local
production
Where to start? Locally accountable organisation
Whether you want to shape policy, build business or
improve climate action – organise to thrive!
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous
Guatemala
Probosque law 2015 commits US$ 20 million per year for forest and agroforestry producers.

8. Duncan Macqueen @IIED
Priorities: CF group links to farmer organisations
ROPPA
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous
Togo
Expanded agroforestry systems and new cassava processing facility for Novi Va, Togo

9. Duncan Macqueen @IIED
Priorities: Organisations doing risk assessment
Fresh leaf
purchases
From each
individual farmer
Pre-drying Drying
Grinding,
sieving
Packing
Commercialization
Technical
support and
purchase
coordination
The company: RunaTarpuna
Planting &
care of
crops
Producers
Fresh leaf
purchases
From each
individual farmer
Pre-drying Drying
Grinding,
sieving
Packing
Commercialization
Technical
support and
purchase
coordination
Company: RunaTarpuna
Planting &
care of
crops
“24 de mayo”
Packing and
wholesale to
company
New role for “24 de Mayo” association in the guayusa value chain:
24 de
Mayo
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous
Ecuador
Vertical integration of ‘24 de Mayo’ in Guayusa value chain following risk assessment

10. Duncan Macqueen @IIED
Bolivia
First-tier
local
organisation
Second-tier
regional
association
Third-tier
national
federation
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous
Priorities: Organised federations changing policy
US$ 37 million
cocoa incentive
programme over
five years

11. Duncan Macqueen @IIED
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous
Priorities:Apex organisations incubating business
Ghana
New federation of 1 million members – with inbuilt business incubation team (BIT)

12. Duncan Macqueen @IIED
Governance & legality
Social organisation
Research & development
Business support
Technical advice
Finance & insurance
CF cooperatives
Larger CF
business
incubator
Value chain marketing
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous
Priorities: Organisations mobilising internal finance
Viet
Nam
US$ 3.5 million cinnamon processing factory installed by 23 person cooperative

13. Duncan Macqueen @IIED
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous
Priorities: Women’s empowerment through business
Thiongote in Laikipia County in Kenya developing women’s tree fruit business
Kenya

14. Duncan Macqueen @IIED
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous
Priorities: Organisations upscaling climate solutions
Madagascar
Four supply cooperatives to Manarivo AB diversifying away from peanuts into aromatic oils
SOCIAL
1. Organizational systems
2. Membership services
3. Political representation
4. Technical extension
5. Business incubation
6. Financial services
7. Quality assurance
8. Cooperative union
ECOLOGICAL
9. Climate adapted stock
10. Biodiversity
11. Spatial optimisation
12. Tree based productivity
13. Pest management
14. Erosion control
15. Soil mulching
PHYSICAL
23. Mapping
24. Inventory / remote sensing
25. Physical boundaries
26. Terracing
27. Water management
28. Storage and transport
29. Electrification and connectivity
30. Information services
ECONOMIC
16. Increase scale
17. Stock information
18. Processing and packaging
19. Vertical integration
20. More distribution channels
21. Better marketing
22. Horizontal diversification
Climate
resilience
options

15. Duncan Macqueen @IIED
Priorities: Organisations that leave none behind
Zambia
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous

16. Duncan Macqueen @IIED
Priorities: Blend this and more into compelling stories
Nepal
Organisational innovations that make community forestry prosperous

17. Duncan Macqueen @IIED
Cheers!