Agribusiness

1. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
IITA’s Social Science & Agribusiness
R4D Agenda, 2012-2020:
Update on Implementation and
Way Forward
2016 P4D Week
Ibadan, 21 November 2016

2. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
• People at the epicentre of all development initiatives
(UN/SDGs, AU/Agenda 2063, CGIAR, CAADP, etc.)
• Innovations and innovation processes from aR4D done
through people & for people
• Therefore aR4D requires a social context to ensure its
relevance
• Thus the need for research in social science and
agribusiness
Why Social Science & Agribusiness?

3. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
• Vision: Reliable source of knowledge for social science
to guide innovation processes in Africa
• Mission: To generate high quality research outputs in
SS&Agribiz to guide aR4D, institutional and policy
innovation processes for impact
• Strategic goal: Improving smallholders’ agric
productivity, competitiveness and nutrition in Africa
through strategic & applied research in social science
Vision, Mission & Goals

4. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
SS&Agribiz R4D: Guiding Framework
Ex ante impact
(Priority setting, Baseline studies,
Foresight modeling)
Evaluation
(technical, economic,
social, environmental)
Adoption
(Gender disaggregated))
Ex post impact
(e.g. KPI-Poverty)
Situation Analysis
TECHNOLOGY
GENERATION
(Germplasm, SLU,
Posthvst, IPM, IP..)
SCALING OUT
DISSEMINATION
(Pilot level)
SCALING UP
DISSEMINATION
(Large-scale)
Policies, Institutions, Markets

5. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Objective # Short title Long title
Objective 1 Ex-ante
impact
evaluation
Agricultural research priorities defined through ex ante impact
evaluation of research and technology options
Objective 2 Rural
livelihoods
Improved understanding of the social, cultural, gender and
economic dynamics and determinants of rural livelihood
strategies and pathways out of poverty
Objective 3 Gender Improved understanding of gender differentiated end-user
preferences and the extent, determinants, and pathways of
adoption of technological innovations for guiding technology
development and delivery efforts
Objective 4 Input&Output
markets,
Policy
Alternative institutional arrangements and policy options relating
to technology delivery, input supply, and output markets
identified and advocated for increased market participation and
commercialization among the agribusiness actors, especially the
poor and the marginalized
Objective 5 Targeting Improved targeting of agricultural research and the resulting
innovations through geographic and social scaling for increased
benefits to the vulnerable;
Objective 6 Ex post
impact
New methods of ex post assessment developed, and poverty,
nutrition, food security, and environmental impact of agricultural
Six inter-related objectives

6. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Update on Implementation

7. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Objective 1: Ex ante impact assessment and foresight
modeling (linked to PIM and other CRPs)
Outcomes
• Setting priorities through assessment of potential impact among
alternative options under scarcity of resources
• Strategic research on future plausible scenarios through
foresight modelling
• Food consumption and patterns of major staples
• Improved design of projects through identification of constraints
and opportunities

8. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Highlight 1: Tools developed and
application to soybean in SSA
- Tools: develop accurate ‘base’ results for IITA’s
mandate crops
- Application to soybean under climate change in SSA
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
PeopleatriskofhungerinSSA
underclimatechange(mil.)
SoybeaninSSAunderclimate
change(000MT)
Production 2050 Consumption 2050 People at risk 2050

9. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Highlight 2 – Strategic Assessment
of RTB Research Priorities
Technology Poverty Reduction Economic Benefits and Rates of Return
Lower
adoption
(millions)
Higher
adoption
(millions)
Lower adoption Higher adoption
NPV
(US$
million)
IRR
(%)
NPV
(US$
million)
IRR
(%)
High-yielding varieties with resistance to
major diseases 1 2.01 1,189 57 2,408 69
High-yielding varieties with high dry matter
and starch 1.27 2.54 2,143 71 4,345 89
High-yielding varieties with longer shelf life 0.84 1.69 1,167 44 2,386 53
High-yielding, drought-tolerant varieties and
increased water-use efficiency 2 4.03 3,025 61 6,127 73
Sustainable crop and soil fertility
management practices 2.66 5.36 8,284 210 16,743 301
Integrated pest and disease management
practices, including resistant varieties 1.18 2.38 3,732 60 7,625 71
Efficient and massive high-quality planting
material production and distr. systems 2.1 4.22 7,585 416 15,299 641
Processing technologies for value addition 0.92 1.85 3,345 120 6,768 158
• Steps for strategic assessment (global): agro-ecologies and targeting; constraint analysis;
identify research options; quantify model parameters; estimate research impacts; and
communication of findings

10. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Objective 2: Innovation systems, rural livelihood
strategies and pathways out of poverty
Outcome:
Improved understanding of the social,
cultural, gender and economic
dynamics and determinants of rural
livelihood strategies and pathways out
of poverty

11. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Highlight 1: RAAIS for identifying
entry points for innovation
Where to invest to
have highest
(development
impact) return on
investment?

12. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Interactions
MFG alone
- - - MFG – NGO ext.
…. MFG – Gov’t ext.
_…_MFG – CIALCA
Highlight 2: MFG and adoption of innovations
Adoption lag against
MFG in GLR
(Ainembabazi et al.
Agric Econ, 2016)

13. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Objective 3: Gender differentiated end-user
preferences & adoption of technological, institutional
& policy innovations
An extension agent with a group
of female farmers
Outcomes
• Gender differentiated identification
of technology, technology
characteristics and traits
• Gender disaggregated consumers
acceptance studies
• Gender differentiated technology
uptake, and spill over pathways
across development domains
• Uptake of innovations and role of
postharvest processing, product
development and others

14. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
 Formation of the IITA Gender Scientists’ Network. It will
strengthen IITA’s gender mainstreaming and research capacity.
 Currently it has 11 PhD holders (8 female and 3 male) composed
of qualitative and quantitative social scientists:
 3 anthropologists,
 2 agricultural economists,
 1 rural sociologist,
 1 geographer,
 2 political scientists,
 1 PhD in environmental and natural resource management,
 1 PhD in a combined discipline of rural sociology and
agricultural science (agronomy and plant physiology)
 This enhances IITA’s profile in mixed methods research that has
distinct advantages and is becoming more and more common in
the CG system.
Highlight 1: ITA Genders Scientists’ Network

15. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Capacity development
 Trainings are carried out in West, East and
Southern Africa to improve IITA scientists
and partners gender capacity
 Several gender training manuals have been
developed or are being developed (for IITA in
general, SARD-SC, Africa RISING)
 Postgraduate students in Uganda, Tanzania,
Malawi, and Nigeria
Video production
• in Sierra Leone by a multidisciplinary team
Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2ev7tEm-
_K6MTRja1lEVTlPX0U/view?usp=sharing
Highlight 2 on Gender

16. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
• Many adoption studies across the 4 hubs
• All KPI-Poverty studies have adoption rates embedded
• DIVA Book published with a chapter on adoption of IITA crops in Africa
Highlight 3: Adoption studies
Indicator
Adoption category
Adopters
(N=517)
No
adopters
(N=296)
Adoption status (Adopter=1) 0.64 0.36
Poverty indicators
Headcount index 0.62 0.82
Poverty gap index 0.30 0.49
Poverty severity index 0.18 0.34
Consumption expenditures
($/capita/day) 1.42 0.87
Example: Adoption of maize varieties and impact in Zambia
(Khonje et al. Word Development. 2015)

17. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Market linkages for product marketing
and technology adoption
Outcomes
• Value chains actors of input and
output markets improve their
investment in value chains
• Policy makers influenced by findings
from research
• New products with added value
• Price analysis
• Tools and methodologies in value
• chain analysis
• Standards for products developed
Objective 4: Agricultural input & output marketing
systems, farmer organizations & agribusiness
management, policies

18. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Drivers of Market Participation Decisions among Small-scale Farmers in Yam
Growing Areas of Nigeria and Ghana
 Key Research Question
What are the market factors that drive the
modernization of the yam sector in West Africa?
 Key Takeaway
Non-price variables (institutional factors and
productivity) play a significant role in determining
yam market participation decisions.
 Policy Implication
Policies that reduce transactions costs and induce
farmers to commercialize could be critical
alternatives to policies based on price
to promote a marketed surplus by yam
farmers and thereby poverty alleviation
(Mignouna et al. Tropicultura, forthcoming)
Highlight 1: Market studies

19. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
• Production of 11 Technical Policy
Papers to inform policy formulation for
aflatoxin control in EAC
• Production of policy briefs
• Engaging policy makers at various
levels: AUC, country, district levels
Highlight 3: Policy Advocacy

20. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Objective 5:Targeting: geographic and social
scaling of innovations
Outcomes
• Better targeting of technologies through
geo-spatial analysis of development domains and
production systems
• Large-scale adoption of technologies through
strategies for technology out-scaling and up-scaling
from pilot areas to larger domains for impact
• Policy processes and policy advocacy

21. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Highlight 1: GIS guiding interventions
Map of maize production overlaid with that of poverty
incidence in Nigeria

22. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Donor
Beneficiary
(Smallholder)
1. IITA to operate with national
agricultural research institutions
2. Work with development projects
and programs to leverage
experiences (e.g. NAFAKA project,
MVIWATA, FIPS-Africa, RUDI,
NGOs)
3. Leverage resources within IITA
Sister Projects (e.g. Africa RISING
and N2Africa)
4. Deepen work with districts local
governments
5. Communication and coordination
Scaling model – Principles (Example of AR Tanzania)
Achievement 2: Social scaling
Common
mandate

23. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Indicator 2016 target 2016 Achievement % change
1. Number of households who have
applied new technologies or
management practices as a result of
the scaling model
9400 12943 130%
2. Number of hectares under
improved technologies or
management practices as a result of
the scaling model
13,000 10,345 80%
Africa RISING in Tanzania

24. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
AgResults Aflasafe Pilot in Nigeria
Parameters 2013/2014 2014/2015 2015/2016
Number of implementers 4 9 16
Number of farmers 1,015 3,271 6,279
Treated area (ha) 1,457 4,998 6,601
Maize aggregated for sale (tons) 2,031 7,220 9,368
Samples with <4 ppb AF (%) (n = 660) 99.0% (n = 232) 93% (n = 268) 95%
Return on Investment (ROI)
(-28 to 510%)
mean 210%
(71 to 1,674%)
mean 489%
(21 to 3,018%)
mean 542 %
Aflasafe maize kept for family 46% 20.3% 25.8%

25. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Objective 6: Ex-post impact evaluation (especially
on poverty, food security, nutrition, NRM)
Outcomes
• Framework and
methodologies for IA
• Assess the impact of aR4D
on CI, NRM, IPM and PH
• Assess C/B of genetic
resource conservation
• Tracking IITA’s contribution
to poverty reduction (#people
lifted out of poverty)Quasi-experimental impact
evaluation framework

26. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Highlight 1: Framework and methods
 Advanced econometric models of ex post impact assessment
adapted and applied to assessment of IITA technologies and
policy interventions on food security, poverty
 DNA techniques combined with household/farm level data to
improve adoption rates of crop technologies
 Methods developed and applied in estimating the number of
poor lifted out of poverty, thus allowing to track the
contribution of IITA technologies towards poverty reduction
Framework and methodologies for epIA

27. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Highlight 2: Tracking KPI-Poverty over Time
11600000
9961379
7281379
5061379
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
14000000
2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

28. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Databases
Large-scale cross-sectional datasets on gendered data on
production, adoption, food consumption, nutrition, and
poverty for:
- Cassava: SARD-SC, CMS/Nigeria, SPIA/Nigeria
- Maize: SARD-SC, SIMLEZA/Zambia, DTM/Nigeria
- Yam: BMGF Yam/Nigeria and Ghana
- NRM: CIALCA/ GLR, AR/Ghana, DTM/Nigeria
- Etc.

29. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
The way Forward:
We have done well in the past
We can do better in the future

30. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
• Goal
• Vision
• Strategic objective
No change

31. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Justification
• Expansion in staff (and qualitative social scientists)
• New opportunities: TAAT, Youth, mechanization, etc
• Learning from the 4 years experience:
 synergies between current Obj 2 and part of Obj 5
about social scaling of technologies;
 synergies between Obj 6 and Obj 3
 closeness of approaches used in Obj 1 (ex-ante)
and Obj 5 about geographic targeting
Make change to Structure of the Strategy

32. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Proposed changes
• Merge Obj 1 and part of Obj 5 about geographic
targeting ===== Group 1
• Merge Obj 2 and part of Obj 5about social
scaling of technologies ===== Group 2
• Maintain Obj 4 as stand alone ====== Group 3
• Merge Obj 6 and Obj 3 ===== Group 4
Make change (Cont)
Refreshed Strategy 2017-2020
The four groups (if accepted) will translate into
new objectives of the Refreshed Social Science
and Agribusiness Research for Development
Agenda 2017-2020

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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

34. www.iita.orgA member of the CGIAR System Office
Working Groups
GROUP 1
(Obj 1 & part of Obj 5)
GROUP 2 (Obj 2 &
part of Obj 5)
GROUP 3
(Objective 4)
GROUP 4
(Objective 6 & 3)
Alene, Arega Bamba Zoumana Abass, Adebayo Adetonah, Sounkoura
Coulibaly, Ousmane Hillbur, Per Abdoulaye, Tahirou
Ampadu-Boakye
Theresa
Gbegbelegbe, Sika Kotu, Bekele Adeoti, Razack Assfaw, Tesfamicheal
Manda, Julius Mignouna, Djana Akande, Adebowale Bullock, Renee
Ncho Simon Muthoni, Francis Ampaire Edidah Dontsop, Paul
Ngwira, Robert Ojiako, Ifeanyi Baars Edward Feleke, Shiferaw
Nwafor Manson Schut, Marc Diallos, Thierno Fisher, Gundula
Taondyande, Maurice Sseguya Haroon Djouake, Rousseau Gaya, Hyeladi
Vayssieres, Jean
Francois Tufa, Adane Kingi, Stephen Manyong, Victor
Yade Mbaye Gichohi, Wanjiku Okechukwu, Richardson Nkengla Lilian Wopong
Pali Pamela Tegbaru, Amare
Tarawali, Gbassey
Yami, Mastewal
Boom Jaap