Research-for-Development at IITA.Adoption and impact assessment(AIA) research at IITA.Recent Achievements by the Integrated Cassava Project (ICP) - Multiplication and distribution strategies for cassava planting materials,Assessment of spread and impact of 40 CMD(cassava mosaic disease) resistant germplasm in Nigeria

1. Strategies for enhancing technology adoption
potential
Recent Achievements
Presented by D. Sanogo
EC Monitoring of IITA’s Agrobiodiversity and Root and Tuber
Systems Programs
Ibadan, May 27–31, 2008
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

2. Research-for-Development at IITA
• IITA operates through a multi-stakeholder and
multidisciplinary research approach that ensures
technologies are appropriate, profitable, and socially
acceptable, with a view to promoting adoption and
achieving greater impact on the livelihoods of the poor in
SSA
• IITA, in collaboration with NARES and other partners, has
developed and disseminated considerable number of
improved varieties and cultural practices of root and
tuber (R&T) crops in SSA
• Over 200 improved cassava and yam varieties—with up to
50% average yield advantages over traditional varieties—
were released in SSA countries in SSA
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

3. Adoption and impact assessment (AIA)
research at IITA
• AIA research at IITA is carried out to ensure accountability,
maintain credibility, and provide feedback to the research
process itself with a view to developing technologies and
practices that are more appropriate and hence hold
promise for wider adoption and greater impact on poverty
alleviation.
• Focus of research on adoption and impact of root and
tuber (R&T) crops technologies at IITA
– Characterization and prioritization of production system
constraints
– Identification of farmer and consumer preferences
– Adoption and impact of improved varieties and
cropping practices.
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

4. Strategies of enhancing technology adoption
potential
• Research activities carried out under MTP Output 6 aim at
generating useful information to provide necessary feedback to
guide cassava improvement research at IITA in ways that would
enhance further adoption and impact of the technologies
• Related Activities/output targets (through ICP)
1. Assessment of the impact of cassava and yam chip
processing on households’ livelihoods in Benin
2. Spread and adoption of improved cassava varieties and
post-harvest technologies in Nigeria documented
3. Spread and impact of 40 Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD)-
resistant germplasm in Nigeria assessed
4. Lessons learned in working with National systems in delivery of
technology documented
5. Multiplication and distribution strategies for cassava planting
materials are developed
6. A collaborative model network involving multiple public-
private partnerships in Cameroon is developed.
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

5. Recent Achievements by the Integrated
Cassava Project (ICP)
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

6. Multiplication and distribution strategies for
cassava planting materials
The Problem
• Imminent and increasing possible threat of the Ugandan strain of the
CMD virus to the Nigerian cassava economy
Proposed solution
• Pre-emptive management of CMD through rapid deployment CMD-
resistant, high yielding cultivars and proven technologies for
sustainable crop and soil management
Constraints
• IITA cannot release a cassava variety in Nigeria
• IITA can request for release of a variety through the National Root
Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), the national body responsible root
crops development
• Variety release process in Nigeria takes from 6 to 8 years, requiring
testing materials on-station, out-station trials (multilocational,
demonstration and on-farm) before the selected material is submitted
to National Variety Release Committee (VCR) for approval (hence no
release of new cassava variety from 1986 to 2004)
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

7. Multiplication and distribution strategies for
cassava planting materials (continued)
Fast track participatory selection approach (FTPSA)
• All executing agencies involved in variety release (Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development, ADPs, NSS, NRCRI,
farmers) participate from the onset in a combined series of
trials
• Mandatory on-farm trials (OFTs), demonstration trials
(DEMOs) and multilocational trials (MLTs) executed
concurrently for 2 years, instead of being carried out in relay
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

8. Advantages of FTPSA
• Reliable data for varietal evaluation made available in just
1 year
• First year data enough to provisionally multiply the
genotypes found to be locally adapted to project area
• Stakeholders’ participation engenders ownership of the
process and removes conflict
• Increasing farmer-to-farmer dissemination activity, which
essential in ensuring the sustainability of dissemination of
new varieties
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

9. Outcome of FTPSA
Nine new cultivars Variety name Year of
release
released in Nigeria in 2
TME 419 2005
years
TMS 97/2205 //
TMS 98/0505 //
TSM 98/0510 //
TSM 98/0581 //
TMS 92/0057 2006
TMS 92/0326 //
TMS 96/1632 //
TMS 98/0002 //
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

10. Assessment of spread and impact of 40
CMD-resistant germplasm in Nigeria
New cultivar deployment strategy used by ICP
• Sensitization campaigns on other uses of cassava within
the village and by radio
• Demonstration trials separately from on-farm trials
• On-the farm trainings of farmers and extension agents
• Distribution of new varieties in sachets through schools,
religious bodies, and NGOs
• Provision of (fresh roots) market information to farmers
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

11. Distribution of CMD-
resistant cassava
varieties in Rivers State
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

12. Assessment of spread and impact of 40 CMD-
resistant germplasm in Nigeria
Study Method
• November/December 2006: Visit of 161 cassava fields
representing 94% of the number of fields visited during the CMD
diagnostic survey in 2003
• CMD status was observed and compared with the status in
2003 survey to make inferences on the impact of ICP
farmers enlightenment program on CMD
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

13. 80% of farms
visited in 2006
were in vicinities
of farms visited
during diagnostic
survey in 2003
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

14. Study Findings
Introduction and
cultivation of CMD-
resistant cassava 100
% cassava field showing
cassava mosaic disease
90
varieties played a 80
(CMD) severity
70 No CMD
significant role in 60 Mild
50
reducing the CMD 40 Mod. Severe
severity in the South 30
20
Severe
East and South-South 10
0
states of Nigeria AK CR DT ED RV AB AN EB EN IM
between 2003 and 2006 State
State covered:
1. AB=Abia
2. AK=Akwa Ibom, % cassava field showing
100
cassava mosaic disease
90
3. AN=Anambra (CMD) severity
80
No CMD
70
4. CR=Cross River 60 Mild
50
5. DT=Delta 40 Mod. Severe
6. EB=Ebonyi 30 Severe
20
7. ED=Edo 10
8. EN=Enugu 0
AK CR DT ED RV AB AN EB EN IM
9. IM=Imo
State
10. RV=Rivers
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

15. Lessons learned in working with National systems
in delivery of technology
• The approach provides an opportunity for the broad-based participation of
experts and stakeholders from onset to finish
• Monitoring of OFTs and DEMOs by national research and extension services
is very demanding in time and money (extensive traveling in pursuit and
follow-up of data collection)
• Fewer OFTs, more DEMOs and MLTs should help alleviate the monitoring
burden
• Need to hire an independent data collection unit beside the monitoring team of
the national research and extension services so that two datasets are
produced and used to validate each other
• The release of varieties is not annual; thus an occasional release of
substantial set of genotypes implies that there has to be another release only
after sufficient genetic improvement work generates another collection of
genotypes
• The success of the approach generates a great demand for released lines;
hence an important task of multiplication and distribution of released varieties
by NARES and other public-private stakeholders is created.
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

16. Project team and • A.G.O. Dixon (ICP - IITA)
collaborators • C. Ezedinma (ICP - IITA)
• G. Ssemakula (ICP - IITA)
• G. Tarawali (ICP - IITA)
• P. Ilona (ICP - IITA)
• R.U. Okechukwu (ICP-IITA)
• M.O. Akoroda (ICP - University of Ibadan)
• L.O. Sanni (ICP – University of Abeokuta)
• J. Lemchi (ICP – Federal University of
Technology, Oweri)
• F. Ogbe (ICP - NRCRI)
• M.O. Yomeni
• E. Okoro
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org