1. Content
Management
Semantic CMS Community
Lecturer
Organization
From free text input to
Date of presentation automatic entity enrichment
Co-funded by the
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European Union

2. Page:
Part I: Foundations
(1) Introduction of Content Foundations of Semantic
(2)
Management Web Technologies
Part II: Semantic Content Part III: Methodologies
Management
Knowledge Interaction Requirements Engineering
(3) (7)
and Presentation for Semantic CMS
(4) Knowledge Representation
and Reasoning
(8)
Designing
Semantic CMS
Semantifying
(5) Semantic Lifting (9) your CMS
Storing and Accessing Designing Interactive
(6) Semantic Data
(10) Ubiquitous IS
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What is this Lecture about?
 Motivation
 What is content management?
 Why do we need content management?
 Shortcomings
 What are shortcomings of existing CMS?
 What are approaches to overcome these shortcomings?
Part I: Foundations
(1) Introduction of Content
Management
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„We are drowning in information
and starved for knowledge.“
 Content is highly available through the Internet and the
raising importance of cloud approaches
 Information are distributed over people and systems
 Data is available in various media and technical formats
An efficient way for working with
huge amounts of unstructured
content.
(John Naisbitt)
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Who is using
Content Management
Systems?
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The most popular CMS ...
http://en.wikipedia.org
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Content Management Systems
 CMS are a single point of entry, providing consistency
and the foundations for collaborative work with content
 CMS provide functionalities to handle large amounts of
content:
 Creation of new content
 Editing of existing content
 Organisation and management of content
 Presentation of content
 Media-neutral data management (separation of layout
and content)
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Web Content Management
Systems (WCMS)
 “A WCMS is a program that helps in
maintaining, controlling, changing and reassembling the
content on a web-page [...]. The user interacts with the
system at the front through a normal web browser.
From there he can edit, control parts of the layout and
maintain and add to the web-pages without any
programming or HTML skills.” - http://www.aiim.org/
 WCMS are specific CMS, that focus on the
management of digital data for web applications
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Multi-Media Content
Management
TV shows
Sports
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Enterprise Content
Management (ECM)
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Content Management in the
Tourism Domain
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State of Play in
Content Management
 Current solutions provide efficient ways to manage
content
 Domain-specific requirements, like “multichannel
content distribution” are addressed
 Content can be managed and presented in multi-media
formats
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What am I searching for?
Are you looking
for a cat or a car?
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Shortcomings of
“traditional” CMS
 Contentis only “understandable” by users and not by
machines
 Irrelevant search results
 Aggregation of relevant content needs to be done
manually
 Inferring Knowledge from Content
 Dependencies, relations and inconsistencies among
content items need to be identified and defined manually
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Requirements on CMS
 Search
 Searching for keywords instead of formulating questions
 Manual identification and selection of relevant content
 Aggregation of content (possibly from different sources)
needs to be done by the user
 Content-and context-aware creation and presentation
of content
 Interaction with content on the user's level of knowledge
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How can we improve
Content Management
Systems to overcome these
shortcomings?
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Web evolution
Slide by Nova Spivack, Radar Networks
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17

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The Semantic Web
 Thevision of the Semantic Web has been originally
proposed by Tim Berners-Lee
 “TheSemantic Web is not a separate Web but an
extension of the current one, in which information is
given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers
and people to work in cooperation.” [The Semantic
Web, 2001]
 Data can be processed manually by users and in an
automated way
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What are we talking about?
Data
Information
?
Knowledge
Wisdom
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Data
 “Datais defined as a symbol that represents a property
of an object, an event or their environment. It is the
product of observation but is of no use until its in a
usable (that is, relevant) form. The difference between
data an information is functional not structural.”
[Ackoff1989]
 Examples:
 “John Smith”
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Information
 “Information is contained in descriptions, answers to
questions that begin with such words as
„who‟, „what‟, „when‟ and „how many‟. Information
systems generate, store, retrieve and process data.
Information is inferred from data.” [Ackoff1989]
 Examples:
 “John Smith is a name.”
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Knowledge
 “Knowledge is know-how, and is what makes possible
the transformation of information into instruction.
Knowledge can be obtained either by transmission from
another who has it, by instruction, or by extracting it
from experience.” [Ackoff1989]
 Example:
 “John Smith is a potential customer for your products.”
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Wisdom
 “Wisdom is the ability to increase effectiveness.
Wisdom adds value, which requires the mental function
that we call judgement. The ethical and aesthetic values
that this implies are inherent to the actor and are unique
and personal.” [Ackoff1989]
“Knowledge is knowing that
 Example: a tomato is a fruit; wisdom
 „It would be right/wrong to sell the is knowing not to put it in a
fruit salad.”
product to John Smith.“
Brian O'Driscoll
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DIKW Hierarchy “Information is not knowledge,
Knowledge is not wisdom,
Wisdom is not truth,
Truth is not beauty,
Beauty is not love,
Love is not music,
and Music is the best.”
Wisdom Frank Zappa,
"Packard Goose"
Knowledge Insight
Meaning Information
Data Context
[Ackoff1989]
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Lessons Learned
 Understand the need for an efficient content
management solution
 What are the different „types“ of CMS and what do they
provide?
 The shortcomings of existing content management
solutions.
 Distinction among the terms in the DIKW pyramide
(data, information, knowledge, wisdom)
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Literature
 Ackoff, Russell (1989). "From Data to Wisdom". Journal
of Applied Systems Analysis
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