Presentation by Fred Unger, Delia Grace and Barbara Wieland at a workshop on "Intensifying food systems and health: Emphasis on antimicrobial use in agricultural systems", Jaipur, India, 4–6 April 2018.

1. CGIAR strategy on antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
(ILRI’s position on AMR in livestock, aquaculture and implications for human health)
Frex Unger, Delia Grace and Barbara Wieland
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
Intensifying Food Systems and Health: Emphasis on Antimicrobial Use in Agricultural Systems
Jaipur, India, 4-6 April 2018

2. ILRI’s position on AMR
• Background and AMR in High Income and LMIC
• ILRI’s mandate and AMR
• CRPs focus to address AMR (LS and A4NH)
• Key areas to tackle AMR
• On-going and planned research supporting identified key
areas
• to add from discussion if feasible…

3. Background
Antimicrobials (AM) are important tools for medical and veterinary
professionals for:
Curing & preventing disease
Threatened by the emergence of AMR
Resulting in increasing lack of treatment options
(affecting health but also food security & livelihoods)
AMR emergence linked to medical but also agriculture use, exact
contribution unclear.

4. AMR in High Income & LMIC
LMIC
• Little known on:
– AMU in livestock sector
– Effect of close interactions of livestock
& people related to AMR
• Challenges:
– Lack of regulations & enforcement
– Limited capacity for surveillance
– Missing incentives to change practice
High income countries
• Stringent regulations on AMU
livestock and health sector
• Monitoring system on AMU
• Shown that with good husbandry &
herd health practices AMU can be
reduced without any undue effects
on productivity.

5. ILRI’s mandate and AMR
The CGIAR mandates:
• to improve livelihoods of poor farmers
• (check from website)
Through its mandates CGIAR and it particular its CRP’s LS and A4NH are ideally
placed to take a leading role to generate evidence on AM use in unregulated and
intensifying livestock smallholder and pastoralist systems and resulting AMR risks
for human and animal health.

6. CRP Livestock:
• Focus is on AM use in livestock and related productivity
• Aim is to promote rational and efficient use of AM and more explicitly how rational
use can be promoted when integrated into improved herd health packages
CRP A4NH:
• Focus on understanding the drivers of AMR emergence in livestock systems and
transmission in animal and human health systems
• Better understand AMR risks for humans due to AM use in agriculture
Key areas
• Address existing research gaps on AMR emergence
• Develop and test solutions
• Capacity building, policy, dissemination & one health
CRPs focus to address AMR (LS and A4NH)

7. Address research gaps on AMR emergence
Research on:
• Use, quality and governance of antimicrobials in animals and
humans
• Extent of antimicrobial resistant bacteria found in animals, humans,
the environment and food
• Transmission and genetic mechanisms of resistance in agriculture
and the implications for human and animal health
• Relative contribution of Livestock associated AMR to human AMR
burden (various context)
• Effects of gender
ILRI’s position on AMR
Key areas to tackle AMR (agriculture, aquaculture & humans)

8. ILRI’s position on AMR
Key areas to tackle AMR (agriculture, aquaculture & humans)
Develop and test solutions
• Provide evidence to promote good practices in the governance, supply, use
and disposal of agriculture-associated AM and incentives for their adoption
• Develop and test gender sensitive pest and pathogen control to better
manage livestock and fish diseases and so reduce the use of AM
• Pilot and evaluate approaches for surveillance of use of AMs, treatment
failure, and AMR
• Understand the costs and benefits of interventions to tackle AMR
• Characterize differential impacts on poor farmers, vulnerable groups and
address other societal objectives such at attaining nutrition security
• Identify gender and equity dimensions in all the activities, esp. on impact,
uptake of good practices

9. Capacity building, policy, dissemination and One Health
• Jointly engage agriculture and health policy makers and other stakeholders
in order to support One Health solutions
• Support capacity building and increase awareness on AMR in the
agricultural sector
• Trade-offs: animal health
• Policy influence based up on evidence based solutions to reduce AMU
ILRI’s position on AMR
Key areas to tackle AMR (agriculture, aquaculture & humans)

10. Address existing research gaps on AMR
A4NH and/or Livestock CRP
• AMR use in livestock and people (ILRI and LSHTM)
• Socioeconomic and political economy aspects of AMR use in human and livestock
systems in five countries
• AMR in extensive dairy production systems, Kenya & Indonesia
• PhD on AM stewardship, Vietnam
• Characterizing AMR microbes and genes in pig based food chains, Vietnam
• Assessment of AM residues and use of AM in dairy production in urban and
rural areas in India (Peri-Milk)
ILRI’s position on AMR
On-going and planned research supporting identified key areas

11. Develop and test solutions
A4NH and/or Livestock CRP
• Intervention study: reducing antimicrobial use by best farm practices in
Vinh Phuc province, Vietnam
• Reduction of AMU and AMR in pork supplied to canteens and schools
(SafePORK), Vietnam
• Focus on use of AMs in livestock production
KAP tools in Uganda and Ethiopia
Role of AMs in managing respiratory diseases in small ruminants
Develop training tool for farmers and extension agents on rational AM use
ILRI’s position on AMR
On-going and planned research supporting identified key areas

12. Capacity building, policy, dissemination & One Health
A4NH and Livestock CRP
• Set-up an CGIAR AM online portal/platform to:
• collate and structure AMR research data and results
• improve visibility of CGIAR AMR research
• Applying a One Health systems modelling approach to formulate strategies
for mitigating the risk to human health of AMR in Aquaculture
• Mapping of aquaculture systems (Vietnam, Bangladesh and Egypt)
ILRI’s position on AMR
On-going and planned research supporting identified key areas

13. ILRI’s position on AMR
Wrap up
Possible to add something from discussions or to introduce group discussion
topics

14. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
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ILRI thanks all donors and organizations who globally supported its work through their contributions
to the CGIAR system