This study examined the prevalence of brucellosis and Q fever among cattle in Tanzania under two different farming systems - pastoralism and smallholder. Over 400 sick cattle from 153 farms in two regions were tested. Preliminary results found overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 11.7% and Q fever was 15%. Seroprevalence was about 3 times higher in pastoralist herds compared to intensive smallholder herds. Risky practices for zoonotic transmission like consuming raw milk were also more common in pastoralist systems. The results provide evidence that these zoonotic pathogens circulate in cattle herds in Tanzania under both farming systems.