Presented by Nizam Husen at the Multi-stakeholder Workshop for Targeting Action Research on Lowland Sheep and Goat Value Chains in Ethiopia, Debre Zeit, 1-2 April 2013

1. Goat value chains in Yabelo district of
Borana zone, Ethiopia: Results of a rapid
value chain assessment
Nizam Husen
Multi-stakeholder Workshop for Targeting Action Research on
Lowland Sheep and Goat Value Chains in Ethiopia
Debre Zeit 1-2April 2013

2.  Yabello found in Borana zone of southern
Oromia
 The districts has 13 PAs and 2 urban kebeles
 Bimodal rainfall pattern main rain season
(March-May) and short rain season(Sept-Nov)
 Total population of the district is 96,862
(40,502 female and 56360 male)
 Study Kebeles: Dharito and Elwoye
 It is located 567km from Addis Ababa, in the
southern direction parts of Oromia with altitude
of 1600m asl
Validation 2 April 2013 2

3.  FGD was made with group of pastoralists composed of
men, women, community leaders and youth
 Big and small traders, collectors, livestock
transporters, experts and extension agents were
interviewed
 Hotel managers, butchers were also contacted
 Observations were made to understand the nature of
goat marketing in major livestock markets (Haro Bake
and Yabello )
 secondary data were reviewed (literature review)
Validation 2 April 2013 3

4. Core Consu
functio Input Producti marketi
Processing mptio
n supply on ng
n
Slaughtering
Activitie Supply of:
Transporting
Feeding Frying /
s Breeding stock
Herding Selling cooking Consumptio
Veterinary services
n
Credit service Housing Buying Meat retailing
Feed (some times) Breeding
Collection Making wosla
•pastoralists, Pastoralists,
Actors
YPDARC Pastoralis Hotels, Consu
•GO’s &
NGOs, priva ts traders, bro butchers mers
te clinics kers

5. Sources of breeding stock:
◦ Pastoralists within the area,
◦ Adjacent markets
◦ Yabello Research Center
◦ GOs and NGOs for restocking(after drought)
◦ Busa Gonofa system
Feed supply
 Supplementation of mineral salt (megado
and dilo)
 supplementary feeds is not targeting goats
 supply of forage seeds is not practiced
Validation 2 April 2013 5

6. Goat health services provided by:
public veterinary clinics
community animal health workers
private veterinary clinics
 private pharmacies
 Informal veterinary drug sellers
for common diseases
(CCPP, PPR, Goat
Pox, trypanosomiasis, Ticks, Lice,
Mengmites, Hemoncus)
Validation 2 April 2013 6

7. Credit sources:
 Oromia credit and saving institution
-group collateral
 Household asset building
 own credit and saving cooperative
-usually they face shortage of capital to address
the credit needs of their members
7

8. Breeding
• Three types of local goat breeds: Borana, Konso
and Guji are available
 Introduction of 50%(100% Boer x100% Borana
goat) cross bucks by YPDARC recently
 There is a general shortage of breeding bucks
 The community is not selecting bucks for their
flock
 No controlled mating
 No awareness about inbreeding and its
consequences
 One buck can serve up to 3-4 years
 No record keeping about the flock

9.  browses of bushes
 Pastoralists do not have the culture of
collecting and preserving neither the
naturally grown feeds nor growing
forages
 During dry seasons they migrate long
distance to search water and feed
 during dry season acacia pods and
leaves are provided if it is available

10. seasonal distribution of feed resource
relative to rain fall pattern
100 5
80 4
Feed Availability (%)
Rainfall Score (0-5)
60 3
18
30
40 36 2
42
20
32
20 42 1
30
24
18 20
8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Browsing Grazing Rainfall (score 0-5)

11.  Goats are kept in fences that do not have roofing
 Pastoralists build separate kids houses known as
‘Dhokoba’
 some time goats are kept with HH members if
their flock structure is 2-5
 The barns/houses are cleaned daily by women and
children

12. • The Borana Pastoralists produce goat milk
• Goat milking is the task of women
• Goat milk is usually for household
consumption
• They do not sell goat milk
• One goat can produce 0.33 litter of milk
per a day (on average)
• mostly consumed by children less than 5
years when there is no cow milk

13.  Producers sell their goats to
-traders, collectors, consumers, cooperatives, hotels and restaurants and other
producers.
 Producers can sell at the farm gate, on the road, and at the market
point
Summary of goat price at different marketing place
Types of goat Farm gate On the road the market
Yearling 550 570 600
Does 750 760 800
Fattened 950 970 1000
Kids 350 370 400
Young female 500 530 550

14. N Types of buyer Types of animals Purpose
o
1 Small and big traders traders Does, fattened and Reselling by value addition
yearling
2 Individual consumers Does/yearling Household consumption
3 Hotel and restaurant bucks sales
4 Pastoralist does Reproduction, slaughtering

15. Export
Legend Finfinne
Abattoirs
=Secondary market
=primary market
=tertiary market
75% Surupa 55% N
=export abattoirs 3
=directions of market routes Haro-Bake
65% 20%
Cheri A76 5% 5% Adama
35%
40% Yabello 45%
25%
Elweye
Dubluk 85%
50%
50% % 3
% 25%
75%
Mega Negelle
Teltele
25% 25%
%
45% 45%
Moyale
5%
Konso
Kenya

16. Land tenure Rules and Security Climatic
Enabling conditions
(access to land) regulations
environments
Foreign
Live
Consumption Individual export
consumers
Pastoralists (export market)
consumers (breeding purposes)
Processing Hotels Butchers
Super Export
markets abattoirs
Marketing Big traders
Collectors Small traders
Production Goat producers (Pastoralists)
Input supply Veterinaryservices(pri Extension Technology Credit
- forage seeds (MoA)
vate andpublic) services - breeds supply services

17. Channel 1:producres Collectors Small traders big traders
export abattoir
Channel 2:producres Collectors Small traders big traders
live export
Channel 3:producres small traders big traders export
abattoir

18. Channel 4:producres small traders big traders
live export
Channel 5:producres big traders export abattoir
Channel 6:producres big traders live
export

19.  processing is mainly carried out by
hotels and butchers for local
consumption and export abattoirs for
foreign markets and super market

20.  Hotels and butcheries slaughter goat
mainly to prepare different dishes and
to retail raw meat on kilogram basis
 Consumption could be by individual
households, hotel customers and
foreign consumers

21. Constraints at input supply and production level
 Non market oriented production
 Lack of feed conservation practices
 Shortage of breeding bucks
 No selection of bucks
 Lack of awareness about the negative impacts of
inbreeding
 Shortage of vaccines for CCPP, PPR, Sheep and Goat
Poxes
 High incidence of disease and parasites (CCPP, PPR,
Goat Pox, Senorosis, trypanosomiasis, Ticks, Lice,
Mengmites, Hemoncus, )

22.  Lack of formal market information
 Long distance of the market from production
 Seasonality of supply of goat
 No standard method of selling and buying
(both weighing scale and visual estimation
used)
 High transportation and broker cost per
animals
 Resource based Ethnic group conflict disrupts
the market
 Shortage of supply of export quality goat to the
market

23.  Borana has great potential for goat
production
 The core functions, activities and actors in
the VC were identified
 The major marketing channels were
identified
 The major constraints and opportunities
along the value chain were investigated
 Necessary intervention is required