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1. PRESENTED BY :-
MR. INDRA MANI MISHRA
NURSING TUTOR AT RIMS CON,
RANCHI
M.Sc. Nursing, B.Sc. Biotechnology 1

2. INTRODUCTION
Occupational health is the health science
which is related to human work , work place
and work environment . Occupational health
is entirely preventive medicine. The chief
objectives of occupational health is the
safety of workers in all occupations from
injuries and diseases and to improve their
health status . Occupational health science
gives priority to the welfare of the workers .
Through health protections and promotions ,
the efficiency of 2

3. CONT…
workers can be improved thus more work
and productions can be achieved ,
absenteeism can be checked and better
relationship can be established between
workers and management .
3

4. DEFINITION
According to joint international labor
organization committee on occupational
health , 1950 defined occupational health as
“The highest degree of physical ,mental and
social well-being of workers in all
occupations.
4

5. GOALS
To reduce industrial accidents .
To prevent occupational hazards/diseases.
To achieve maximum human efficiency and
machine efficiency.
To reduce sick absenteeism.
5

6. OBJECTIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH
To maintain and promote the physical ,
mental well-being of the workers.
To prevent occupational diseases and injuries
.
To adopt the work place and work
environment to the needs of the workers i.e;
application of ergonomics principle.
It should be preventive rather than curative.
6

7. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
It represents a dynamic equilibrium
between the worker and his occupational
environment.
7

8. ADVANTAGES OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH CARE….
Investigates and assesses load factors and
hazards and gives expert assistance for
eliminating them.
Gives information and advice .
Estimates employees ‘working ability and
monitors their health condition.
By its knowledge and skills support action for
maintaining working ability in the development
of individuals ,working environment and
working community , in this way also affecting
productivity continued.
8

9. CONT…
Prevents occupational diseases and other work
related illnesses.
Prevents premature incapacity for work ,
reduces pension costs.
Reduces absenteeism due to sickness .
Can make calculations of the profitability of
occupational safety and health and
occupational health care in cooperation with
workplaces or encourage workplaces to
make these themselves.
9

10. THE UNDERTAKINGS FOR THE NEED
OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE
Any undertakings, which employ more than
the prescribed number.
Public sector undertakings.
Atomic energy unit, explosive production
unit, mining unit, and asbestos production
unit etc.
A unit where workers are exposed to health
hazards from toxic substances.
10

11. FUNCTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH SERVICE-CONT…
1) Pre-employment medical examination.
2) First Aid and emergency service.
3) Supervision of the work environment for
the control of dangerous substances in the
work environment.
4) Special periodic medical examination
particularly for the workers in dangerous
operations.
11

12. CONT..
5) Health education for disseminating
Information on specific hazards and risks in the
work environment.
6) Special examination and surveillance of
health of women and children .
7) Advising the employer or management for
improving working conditions, and placement
of hazards.
12

13. CONT….
8) Monitoring of working environment for
assessment and control of hazards.
9) Supervision over sanitation, hygiene and
canteen facilities.
10) Liaison and cooperation with the
safety committees
13

14. THE FACTORS FORTHE FACTORS FOR
EFFECTIVENESS OFEFFECTIVENESS OF
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTHOCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
SERVICES:SERVICES:
1. The nature of industry; small, medium or large and
its location.
2. Existing infrastructure of health services.
3. Trained manpower.
4. Workers involvement and employers commitment.
5. Surveillance of the working environment by means
of epidemiological studies and testing.
14

15. Components occupational healthComponents occupational health
services –services – CONT..CONT..
 Medical treatment, First aid treatment in emergency.
 Health education, First aid education.
 Medical examination
 Pre employment examination
 Medical treatment, First aid treatment in emergency.
 Health education, First aid education.
 Medical examination
 Pre employment examination
 Periodic medical examination
 Special medical examination
15

16. CONT….
 Health counseling
 Stress management
 Mental health
 Physical health
 Rehabilitation programme
 Medical rehabilitation
 Social rehabilitation
 Educational rehabilitation
 Vocational rehabilitation
16

17. CONT…
 Assessment of dusts pollution
 Assessment of noise pollution
 Assessment of vibration
 Assessment heat radiation
 Assessment of radiation
17

18. CONT…
• Supervision of the working environment
• Hazard identification
• Monitoring
• Evaluation
• Engineering project review
• Control measures
• Development of personal protective devices
18

19. CONT…
• Family welfare program
• To take care of employee and dependents
• Disaster management
• Health records maintenance
19

20. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH DISORDERS
20

21. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
• Physical Hazards
• Chemical Hazards
• Biological Hazards
• Mechanical Hazards
• Psychosocial Hazards
21

22. FOUR TYPES
Diseases only occupational in origin (pneumoconiosis)
Where occupation as one of the causal factors
(bronchogenic carcinoma)
Occupation as A contributary factor (chronic bronchitis)
Occupation aggrevating pre-existing condition (asthma)
22

23. ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
• SKIN ABSORBTION
• INHALATION
• INGESTION
Eating, Smoking
Gas, Vapour, Aerosol, Dust, Fume, Smoke
Primary irritants, Allergy, Systemic toxicity
23

24. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
24

25. CONT…..
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26. CONT….
26

27. CONT…
•Metals (lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, zinc,
beryllidum, tin, silver, etc)
•Carbon compounds (organic solvents)
– Benzine, Toluene, Zylene
– Phenol, Nitrate, Napthalene, Isocyanates, Carbon
tetrachloride, Carbon disulphide, Vinyl chloride
monomer, etc
•Pesticides & toxic gases (amonia phosgene, carbon monoxide)
27

28. LUNG DISEASES CAUSED BY DUST
• Depends on chemical composition, particulate size,
concentration, shape, specific gravity & body’s reaction
• Pneumoconiosis
– Asbestosis
– Silicosis
– Coal workers pneumoconiosis
• Lung diseases caused by dust of organic origin
– Byssinois (exposure to cotton dust)
– Mushroom workers lung
– Suberrosis (Cork dust)
– Bird breeders lung (chickens, parrots, pigeons)
– Man made fibres 28

29. CONT…
• Occupational asthma
– Flour insects and pollens: linseed, soya beans, teak wood,
hair, fur, etc: isocyanates, poly urethane, amines, metals
29

30. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
Diseases due to Biological Agents
• Hepatitis B, Rabies, AIDS, Leptospirosis…,
Occupational Cancers
• Cancer of Skin, Lungs, Bladder
Occupational Dermatosis
• Dermatitis, Eczema
Psychosocial Diseases
• Neurosis, Peptic ulcer, Hypertension
30

31. MUSCULO-SKELETAL
PROBLEMS
• Due to Excessive load on the muscles, ligaments, tendons
and bone.
• Due to Insufficient circulation to the Musculoskeletal
system.
• Work that requires activity of a small group of relatively
weak muscles (such as continuous use of fingers of the
dominant hand in data entry).
31

32. COMMON SITES FOR MUSCULO-
SKELETAL PROBLEMS
• Neck
• Forearm
• Wrist
• Fingers
• Back
• Knee
32

33. COMPUTERS / VDU
• RSI / CTD – Tenosynovitis, Tendinitis, Tennis Elbow, Carpal
Tunnel Syndrome, Trigger Finger
• Musculoskeletal Problems in Neck, Shoulder & Upper
Limbs
• Visual Fatigue & Eye Problems
• Bifocals & Computers
• Skin Diseases
• Low Back Pain
• Effects of Shift Work
33

34. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &
COMPUTER WORK
 Musculo-skeletal problems
 Ocular problems
 Reproductive problems
 Skin problems
 Psychosocial problems
 Lifestyle problems
34

35. MEDICAL MEASURES
– Pre-employment medical check up
– Periodic medical examination
– Health promotion
– Health education
– Specific protection
– Assessment of risk by supervision of working
environment
35

36. PERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION
• Evaluation of general health status.
• Earliest detection and prevention of work related disorders.
• Early detection, control and prevention of any health
disorder which may affect the ability to perform the job.
• To detect deviation in health status from base line data.
• Detection of infectious / communicable diseases which may
affect others.
36

37. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Universal Precautions
Training & Education
Medical Surveillance
Immunization
Identify, Monitor & Control exposures
Stress Management
Violence Prevention Program
37

38. SUMMARY
• Introduction
• Definition
• Goals
• Objectives of occupationalhealth
• Occupational health
• Advantages of occupational health care
• The understanding for the need of occupational health services
• Functions of occupational health services
• Factors effecting occupational health services
• Components of occupational health
• Occupational hazards
• Routes of exposure
• Occupational diseases
• Medical measures
• Periodic medical examination
• Preventive measures 38

39. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Park .k, Essentials of community health nursing,4th
edition 2004 , published byBanarisidas Bhanot
premnagar , Jabalpur pg no.248-253.
• Park. k, Testbook of preventive and social
medicine,22nd
edition , published by M/s
Banarasidas Bhanot ,Premnagar , Jabalpur pg no.
748-763.
• www.google.com
• www.medlineplus.com
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