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1. National Skill Development Programme : A Perspective
Introduction
How many times when you need a skilled plumber , carpenter or mason to fix problems in your
home, you feel frustrated as you don’t get one easily. Similarly in various other fields like
driving crane operator, welder, auto mechanic , you find people either lacking the basic training
or being trained by an Ustaad who also never got any formal training. There is large number of
youth who drop out either during X or XII stage and does not get any worthwhile job and
remains unemployed. Some of them pick up basic labour jobs but majority of them pass their
time sitting idle and get into bad habits and unlawful activities.
As Indian Economy is growing there is large requirement of skilled people in every field. Also
country requires formalising training for local artisans . be it sericulture, silk weaving, carpet
weaving, bamboo, rubber, leather products and many other small scale industries specific to
the region. The government had set up Polytechnic schools and ITIs for providing vocational
training in every region but over a period either they were not updated or the number of
people coming out of these institutes are inadequate to meet the growing requirements.
With growth of IT& ITES sector many of the sectors involving basic skill set were given low
priority by youth as well as the government. As a result it was noticed that there is wide gap
between the demand and supply.
It is estimated that 70% of Indians will be in ‘working age’ by the year 2025.This demographic
dividend’ could give India an edge over the developed countries where a larger segment of the
population would by then, be past retirement. However, this demographic dividend can easily
turn into a demographic disaster if majority of the working age population remains
unemployable due to lack of skills.
The situation is ironic. On one hand, domestic economic growth has created employment
demand and job opportunities, while on the other, a shortage of skills is making more people
unemployable. There are 18 central government ministries that offer skill development
initiatives through school education, institutes of higher learning and specialised vocational
training institutes, but real success is yet to be seen. By improving the learners’ employability,
we can contribute substantially towards reducing unemployment and underemployment.

2. Government Initiative: Skill Development
n recognition of this need, the Government of India has adopted skill development and up
skilling as a national priority over the next 10 years. The concept paper for this was prepared by
Mr Sam Pitroda, Advisor to PM. He also travelled extensively to promote the concept and
involve private companies, social entrepreneurs & young minds. The Eleventh Five Year Plan
formulated a road-map for skill development in India, and favoured the formation of Skill
Development Missions, both at the State and National levels. To create such an institutional
base for skill development in India at the national level, a “Coordinated Action on Skill
Development” with three-tier institutional structure consisting of the PM’s National Council on
Skill Development, the National Skill Development Coordination Board (NSDCB) and the
National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) was created in early 2008.
The main functions of the PM’s National Council on Skill Development are as under:
· To lay down overall broad policy objectives, financing and governance models and strategies
relating to skill development.
· To review the progress of schemes, and guide on mid-course corrections, additions and
closure of parts or whole of any particular programme/scheme.
· Coordinate Public Sector / Private Sector Initiatives in a framework of collaborative action.

3. The NSDCB coordinates the skill development efforts of a large number of Central
Ministries/Departments and States. The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) is a
Public Private Partnership, set up to catalyze the setting-up of large scale, for-profit sustainable
vocational institutions in the country, by encouraging private sector participation and providing
low-cost funding for training capacity. In addition, it is expected to fund supporting systems
such as quality assurance, labor market information systems and train-the-trainer facilities.
Thus, the three-tier structure together facilitates implementation of skill development on the
ground through three main channels – Central Ministries, the state governments and private
and public training organisations.
In the Central Government, around 18 Ministries are closely involved in skill development These
ministries mainly operate in one of two ways – through setting up own training capacity in
specific sectors (examples of such ministries include Ministry of Labor and Employment,
Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare etc) or through providing per-
trainee costs of training for specific target populations (examples of such ministries include
Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Women and Child Development etc).
Most State Governments also have set up State Skill Development Missions as nodal bodies to
anchor the skill development agenda in the State. SSDMs are expected to play a significant role
in escalating the pace of skilling, through identification of key sectors for skill development in
the State, as well as coordinating with Central Ministries and State Line Departments, as well as
industry and private training organizations. Each State has adopted a structure of SSDM that
best suits the local environment and the State vision for skill development. While some States
have elected to form the SSDM as a Society or Corporation under the Chief Secretary or Chief
Minister, others have housed it under relevant Departments such as Labour, Human Resource
Development or Planning. Many states are starting to set year-wise targets for skill
development, specifying the state budgetary allocation, and complementing Government
efforts by encouraging private investment.
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