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1. Under The Kind Guidance of
M.MOHANTY
Dept. of ECE
GEC ``BBSR``

2. CONTENT
Introduction
History
Structure or Architecture of OLEDs
Working principle of OLEDs
Types of OLEDs
Advantage and Disadvantage of OLEDs
Upcoming future of OLEDs
Current Research on OLEDs
Conclusion

3. WHAT IS AN OLED ?
OLED is solid state semiconductor
device composed of thin films of
organic molecules that creates Light
with the application of electricity.
A device that is 100 to 500
nanometers thick or about 200 times
smaller than a human hair.
It can be thinner and weight less
than other display technologies.
It have a wide view angle(up to 160
degrees even in bright light).
It uses less power than conventional
LEDs or LCDs display.

4. In 1987 Chin Tang and Van Slyke introduced the first
light emitting diodes from thin organic layers.
In 1988 Chihaya Adachi and Tetsuo Tsutsui developed
first multi layered OLED .
In 1990 Germy Burroughes,Richar Friend and Donal
Bradely developed first polymer based OLED(PLED).
In 1997 Teruo Tohma developed first passive matrix
organic light emitting diode (PMOLED) .
In 1998 Mark Thompson and Stephen Forrest
developed first phosphorescent OLED (PHOLED) .
HISTORY OF OLED

5. OLED STRUCTURE AND ARCHITECTURE
SUBSTRATE: (clear plastic or glass foil) The
substrate Supports the OLED.
ANODE : Adds electron when current
flows through OLED
CATHODE: Injects electrons when current
flows through OLED.
ORGANIC LAYER: Organic molecules or
polymers.
CONDUCTING LAYER: This layer is made of
organic plastic molecules that transport
“holes” from the anode. polyaniline is
used as conducting layer.
EMISSIVE LAYER: This layer is made of
organic plastic molecules that transport
“electron” from the cathode. polyfluorene
is used as conducting layer.

6. •When a voltage is applied to OLED,
the holes and the electrons are
generated from each of the two
electrodes, which have a positive and
negative electric charge respectively.
• When they recombine in the
emissive layer, organic materials make
the emissive layer to turn into a high
energy state termed “excitation”.
• The light is emitted when the layer
returns to its original stability
HOW OLED WORK ?

7. TYPES OF OLEDs
Passive-matrix OLED
Active-matrix OLED
Transparent OLED
Top-emitting OLED
Foldable OLED
White OLED
WHY OLED?
Lighting efficiency
Incandescent bulbs are inefficient
Fluorescent bulbs give off ugly light
LEDs (ordinary light emitting diodes) are bright points; not versatile
OLEDs may be better on all counts
Displays: Significant advantages over liquid crystals
Faster
Brighter
Lower power
Cost and design
LEDs are crystals; LCDs are highly structured;
OLEDs are not –Malleable; can be bent, rolled up, etc.
Easier to fabricate
In general, OLED research proceeds on many fronts

8. Passive-Matrix OLED
 Perpendicular
cathode/anode strip
orientation
 Light emitted at
intersection (pixels)
 External circuitry
 Turns on/off pixels
 Large power consumption
 Used on 1-3 inch screens
 Alphanumeric displays
 Full layers of cathode, anode,
organic molecules
 Thin Film Transistor matrix
(TFT) on top of anode
 Internal circuitry to
determine which pixels to
turn on/off
 Less power consumed then
PMOLED
 Used for larger displays
Active-Matrix OLED

9. Transparent OLED
 Transparent substrate, cathode
and anode.
 Bi-direction light emission.
 Passive or Active Matrix OLED.
 Useful for heads-up display
 Transparent projector screen
 glasses
Top-emitting OLED
 Non-transparent or reflective
substrate.
 Transparent Cathode.
 Used with Active Matrix Device.
 Smart card displays.

10. White OLED
 Emits bright white light
 Replace fluorescent lights
 Reduce energy cost for lighting
 True Color Qualities
IN FUTURE OLED IS USED AS LIGHTING SOURCE :-

11. FOLDABLE OLEDs
Plastic, organic layers of an OLED
are thinner ,lighter and more flexible
than crystalline layers of LEDs and
LCDs.

12. FOLDABLE OLEDs
Plastic, organic layers of an OLED
are thinner ,lighter and more flexible
than crystalline layers of LEDs and
LCDs.
Brighter display than LEDs due to
thinner organic layers.

13. FOLDABLE OLEDs
Plastic, organic layers of an OLED
are thinner ,lighter and more flexible
than crystalline layers of LEDs and
LCDs.
Brighter display than LEDs due to
thinner organic layers.
Do not require backlighting like
LCDs.

14. FOLDABLE OLEDs
Plastic, organic layers of an OLED
are thinner ,lighter and more flexible
than crystalline layers of LEDs and
LCDs.
Brighter display than LEDs due to
thinner organic layers.
Do not require backlighting like
LCDs.
Consume much less power ,
important for battery-operated
devices.

15. FOLDABLE OLEDs
Plastic, organic layers of an OLED
are thinner ,lighter and more flexible
than crystalline layers of LEDs and
LCDs.
Brighter display than LEDs due to
thinner organic layers.
Do not require backlighting like
LCDs.
Consume much less power ,
important for battery-operated
devices.
Easier to produce in larger sizes.

16. FOLDABLE OLEDs
Plastic, organic layers of an
OLED are thinner ,lighter and
more flexible than crystalline
layers of LEDs and LCDs.
Brighter display than LEDs due
to thinner organic layers.
Do not require backlighting
like LCDs.
Consume much less power ,
important for battery-operated
devices.
Easier to produce in larger
sizes.
Have large fields of view about
160 degrees.

17.  Thinner, lighter and more
flexible
 Brighter
 Consume much less power
 Easier to produce and make
into larger sizes
 Large field of view
Advantages Disadvantages
 Lifetime
 White, Red, Green  46,000-
230,000 hours
 About 5-25 years
 Blue  14,000 hours
 About 1.6 years
 Expensive
 Susceptible to water
 Overcome multi-billion dollar
LCD market

18. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper
that refreshes with breaking news.

19. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper that
refreshes with breaking news.
An OLED sewn “smart clothing”
that could be a source of unending
entertainment.

20. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper that
refreshes with breaking news.
An OLED sewn “smart clothing”
that could be a source of unending
entertainment.
An OLED embedded ornaments
that could entertain the folk.

21. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper that
refreshes with breaking news.
An OLED sewn “smart clothing”
that could be a source of unending
entertainment.
An OLED embedded ornaments
that could entertain the folk.
An OLED based digital map and
GPS that could help the armed
forces during military operations.

22. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper that
refreshes with breaking news.
An OLED sewn “smart clothing”
that could be a source of unending
entertainment.
An OLED embedded ornaments
that could entertain the folk.
An OLED based digital map and
GPS that could help the armed
forces during military operations.
An OLED based visiting card that
could revolutionize the social
world.

23. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper that
refreshes with breaking news.
An OLED sewn “smart clothing”
that could be a source of unending
entertainment.
An OLED embedded ornaments
that could entertain the folk.
An OLED based digital map and
GPS that could help the armed
forces during military operations.
An OLED based visiting card that
could revolutionize the social
world.
An OLED as lightening windows.

24. UPCOMING FUTUREs OF OLEDs…
An OLED display newspaper that
refreshes with breaking news.
An OLED sewn “smart clothing”
that could be a source of unending
entertainment.
An OLED embedded ornaments
that could entertain the folk.
An OLED based digital map and
GPS that could help the armed
forces during military operations.
An OLED based visiting card that
could revolutionize the social
world.
An OLED as lightening windows.
And MUCH MUCH MORE…..

25. CURRENT RESEARCH FOR OLEDs….
• Manufacturers focusing on finding a
cheap way to produce OLEDs.
• "Roll-to-Roll" Manufacturing
Increase the efficiency of blue
luminance.
• Focusing to increase overall lifespan
of OLEDs.

26. conclusion
Limited use caused by degradation of materials.
OLED will replace current LED and LCD technologies.
Expensive.
Flexibility and thinness will enable many applications.
OLEDs can change our future lifestyle and make it
digital.
WELCOME TO DIGITAL WORLDs….

27.  www.google.com/oled-technology
 www.wikipedia.com/oled
 www.electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled
 www.oled-info.com
 www.oled-display.net
REFRENCES