this was presented on a seminar held by department of education IIuI

1. Curriculum Comparison
of
Brazil and Pakistan
at
primary level
Ijaz Ahmad (PhD Education)
To
Dr.Muhammad Munir Kayani
Department of Education
Faculty of social science
International Islamic University Islamabad

2. Comparative Education?
Comparative education examines education in one country (or group
of countries) by using data and insights drawn from the practices and
situation in another country, or countries (Mugo & Wolhuter, 2010)
 One seeks to understand the similarities and differences among
educational systems (Sodhi, 2006)

3. Objectives and Scope of Comparative Edu.
According to Harold and Eckstein (1993), Comparative Education has
four purposes:
• To describe educational systems, processes, or outcomes
• To assist in the development of educational institutions and practices
• To highlight the relationships between education and society
• To establish generalized statements about education those are valid in
more than one country

4. Method of comparison
• The Sociological Method
• In the sociological method the educational problems are studied in a
social context
• This is done with the belief that the educational system of a country is
conditioned by its social, cultural, economic, political and religious
situations

5. Primary Education
Brazil vs Pakistan
Brazil
Primary education is compulsory and free
lasted nine years
includes elementary education
(grades 1-5, age group 6-10) &
lower secondary school (grades 6-9, age
group 11-14)
The first three years of primary education
are devoted to literacy skills (vocabulary,
spelling, and comprehension)
Pakistan
 Free and compulsory education
 Primary education lasts 5 years (Age
group 5+ - 10). But in Fata and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa lasted 6 years (age group 5+ -
11) with an additional grade (awal adna)
 The first three years of primary education
is devoted to basic language skills
(listening, speaking, reading and writing)

6. Cont.
Brazil
 Under the state system, an exam
is given to all pupils at the end of
each academic year
A core curriculum is set by the
Education Council
Medium of instruction is
Portuguese but other languages
can also be used (180 languages)
Pakistan
 At the end of grade 5, a public
examination is held for promotion
to the next level
 Curriculum is the responsibility
Ministry of Education, curriculum
Wing
 Medium of instruction is Urdu or
regional language (EP, 2017)

7. primary education statistic
Brazil
• Primary schools = 197,953
• Students = 17,139,000 (ensino
fundamental I)
• Students = 14,351,000 (ensino
fundamental II)
• Teachers = 685,000 (ensino
fundamental I)
Pakistan
• Primary schools= 145,829 (86%
public and 14% in private)
• Students = 18.75 millions (61%
public and 39% private)
• Teachers = 422,797 (77% public
and 23% private)

8. Aims of Primary Education Curriculum
Brazil vs Pakistan
Brazil
 developing the ability to learn,
taking as basic means the full
mastery of reading, writing and
calculating
 understanding the natural and
social environment, the political
system, technology, arts and the
values on which society is
founded
Pakistan
 Provide for the holistic
development of the child
(physical, social, emotional,
cognitive and moral )
 Nurture in children a sense of
identity and pride in being
Pakistani
 provide knowledge and
understanding of Islam and
Islamic society

9. Cont.
Brazil
 strengthening family links and
the ties of human solidarity and
mutual tolerance on which social
life is based
Pakistan
 develop an understanding and
respect for the beliefs and
practices of all other religions
 Equip children with lifelong
learning skills n

10. Subject Offer at Primary Level
Brazil
Communications and expression
(Portuguese language)
 Social studies (history and
geography)
 Science (mathematics, physical
and biological sciences)
 Physical education
(for grade 2, 3, 4 and 5)
 Artistic education
Pakistan
 Communications and expression
(Urdu, English and a reginal
language)
 Social / Pak Studies
 General Science
 Mathematics
 General Knowledge
 Islamic Studies

11. Cont.
Brazil
 Health programs &
 Preparation for work and
 two languages (English and
optional) are compulsory for
grade 6-9
 Religious education is optional
Pakistan
 Islamic education is compulsory
from grade 3

12. New Trends in Curriculum
Brazil
• The rights and obligations of
citizens
• Respect for the common good and
the democratic order
• Orientation of education towards
work
Pakistan
 Environmental protection
 Democratic culture
 Energy conservation
 National Harmony
 Health and hygiene
Tolerance and respect for
diversity

13. Combine Issues in Public
Education at Primary level

14. Combine Issues in Public Education

15. Poor physical facilities

16. Tomanystudentsin
classroom

17. NorespectforTeachersandlow
conceptoflearning

19. Nouseofeducational
technology
Good news kids, Now we have a
Computer

20. References
Mugo, p. & wolhuter, cc.(2010). Definition and purpose of comparative education. Oxford: pergamon
Sodhi, T.S. (2006). Text Book of Comparative Education, Sixth edition, Vikas publishing house, Delh
World Data on Education (2012) 7th edition Données mondiales de l’éducation Datos Mundiales de Educación
Educationa policy (2017) ministry of education Pakistan. IslamAbad
Web sources
https://propakistani.pk/2017/06/09/education-ministry-finalizes-new-syllabus-primary-education/
https://www.angloinfo.com/how-to/brazil/family/schooling-education/school-system
https://morningeval.com/2017/01/24/education-brazil-overview/

21. Thank you
?