PowerPoint presentation on Invasive plant species in Virginia

1. Invasive Plant Species Japanese Knotweed Created by Renee Garrett June 21, 2011

2. Scientific Name: Polygonum cuspidatum (synonym) Fallopia japonicaTaxonomic Rank: Magnoliopsida>Polygonales>Polygonaceae(Buckwheat Family) Common names: Japanese knotweed Fleeceflower Mexican bamboo Huzhang Crimson Beauty Reynoutria Brill, Steve. "Shoots and Greens of Early Spring in North America. " Wildman Steve Brill. Foraging with Wildman, n.d. Web. 17 June 2011.

7. Male and female flowers occur on separate plants. Landry, Louis. "Japanese Knotweed Flower." Online image. 2005. CalPhotos. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Polygonum+cuspidatum>.

10. A native of Japan, China, and parts of Korea and Taiwan. Introduced to the U.S. in the late 1800‘s from England.Ornamental plant forerosion control& for landscape screening.It is now found throughout the United States. Rainey, Jack. "Foliage." Online image. Invasive Plants of Eastern United States. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://www.invasive.org/eastern/species/3414.html>.

11. Selected for Ornamental Beautyand Preventing Soil Erosion Slattery, Britt. "Foliage and Flowers." Online image. Invasive Plants of Eastern United States. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://www.invasive.org/eastern/species/3414.html>.

12. Counties of Virginia Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture, n.d. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=POCU6>.

13. Eight states list Japanese Knotweed as a Noxious Weed Alabama Washington California Connecticut Massachusetts New Hampshire Oregon Vermont Plants Database. United States Department of Agriculture, n.d. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=POCU6>.

14. International Threat Known introduced range: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Guernsey, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, New Zealand, Russian Federation, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Slovakia, United States (USA), and United Kingdom (UK) Fallopia japonica is now officially regarded as the most pernicious weed in the United Kingdom. Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group, n.d. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=91&fr=1&sts=>.

15. Ranked Highly Invasive 2009 in Virginia "Japanese Knotweed." Online image. Japanese Knotweed Alliance. Web. 17 June 2011.

16. Impact: Very Aggressive Species The species forms dense stands that crowd out all other vegetation. Degrading native plant and animal habitat. This perennial plant is difficult to control because it has extremely vigorous rhizomes that form a deep, dense mat. In addition, the plant can re-sprout from fragments; along streams, plant parts may fall into the water to create new infestations downstream. "Japanese Knotweed." Invasive Plant Atlas of United States. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=3414>.

17. Management PlansChemical: Experience in other states where it is a serious pest suggests that the best control method is prevention of establishment. The plant should be eradicated as early as possible upon its appearance. Cutting the stalks as often as three times during the growing season will offset growth of the rhizomes. An application of a glyphosate herbicide, after cutting, has been found to be most effective. "Invasive Alien Plant List." Natural Heritage. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, n.d. Web. 16 June 2011. <http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/documents/invlist.pdf>.

18. The psyllid The sap-sucking psyllid Aphalara itadori "The psyllid ." Online image. Japanese Knotweed Alliance. Web. 16 June 2011. Management PlansNatural Defense

19. Management Plans Other potential agent: the leaf-spot fungus Mycosphaerella polygoni-cuspidati "The Leaf-spot Fungus ." Online image. Japanese Knotweed Alliance. Web. 16 June 2011.

20. Natural Plant Alternatives in Virginia Common Alder Black Chokeberry Alleghany Chinkapin New Jersey Tea Button Bush Silky Dogwood Wintergreen Black Huckleberry Witch Hazel Winterberry Mountain Laurel Evergreen Mountain Fetterbush Natural Heritage: N ative Plants for Mountain Region. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, n.d. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/nativeplants.shtml>.

21. Recipes For Japanese Knotweed Shoots from mid-April to early May, can be eaten before the plant gets tough and woody. Apple and Knotweed Pie Knot Ice Cream Knot Soup Knotweed Sherbet Steamed Knotweed Sesame Strawberry-Knotweed Cobbler An excellent source of vitamin A, along with vitamin C and its cofactor, the antioxidant flavonoid rutin. It provides potassium, phosphorus, zinc, and manganese. Also Japanese knotweed is an excellent source of resveratrol, the same substance in the skin of grapes and in red wine that lowers LDL (bad) cholesterol and reduces the risk of heart attacks. Brill, Steve. "Shoots and Greens of Early Spring in North America." Wildman Steve Brill. Foraging with Wildman, n.d. Web. 17 June 2011.

22. Works Cited Brill, Steve. "Shoots and Greens of Early Spring in North America." Wildman Steve Brill. Foraging with Wildman, n.d. Web. 17 June 2011. Growth Bud 2 - Rhizome." Online image. Cornwall Council. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=13810>. "Hollow-speckled Stalk." Online image. Food Under Foot. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://foodunderfoot.com/juicing-japanese-knotweed/comment-page-1>. "Infestation." Online image. Center for Invasive and Ecosystem Health. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://www.invasive.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=5271079>. Invasive Alien Plant List." Natural Heritage. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, n.d. Web. 16 June 2011. <http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/documents/invlist.pdf>. "Japanese Knotweed." Invasive Plant Atlas of United States. n.p., n.d. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=3414>. "Japanese Knotweed." Online image. Japanese Knotweed Alliance. Web. 17 June 2011. "Knot 1." Online image. Devoid of Culture and Indifferent to the Arts. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://docaitta.blogspot.com/2011/02/foraging-3-easting-dastardly-japanese.html>.

23. Continued Works Cited Landry, Louis. "Japanese Knotweed Flower." Online image. 2005. CalPhotos. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Polygonum+cuspidatum>. "Leaves." Online image. Virginia Tech Weed Identification Guide. Web. 16 June 2011. <http://www.ppws.vt.edu/scott/weed_id/polcu.htm>. "Native Plants in Mountains Brochure." Natural Heritage. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, n.d. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/nativeplants.shtml>. Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture, n.d. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=POCU6>. Newcomb, Lawrence. Newcomb's Wildflower Guide. Boston, New York, London: Little, Brown and Company, 1977. Print. "The psyllid." Online image. Japanese Knotweed Alliance. Web. 16 June 2011. Rainey, Jack. "Foliage." Online image. Invasive Plants of Eastern United States. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://www.invasive.org/eastern/species/3414.html>. Science Dictionary. The American Heritage Dictionary, n.d. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Invasive>. "Seeds of Knotweed." Online image. Colby-Sawyer College. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://www.colby-sawyer.edu/herbarium/invasive/invasive10.html>. Slattery, Britt. "Foliage and Flowers." Online image. Invasive Plants of Eastern United States. Web. 17 June 2011. <http://www.invasive.org/eastern/species/3414.html>.