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© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Hacking Encounters of the 3rd Kind
Looking Into the Security Impact of 3rd Party Software
Confidential1
Barry Shteiman, Director of Security Strategy, Imperva
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
Confidential2
§  Introduction
§  What is 3rd party software
§  Latest examples
§  Hacking of a known component
§  Addressing the problem
§  Wrap up
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Barry Shteiman, Director of Security Strategy
Confidential3
§  Security Researcher working with the
CTO office
§  Author of several application security
tools, including HULK
§  Open source security projects code
contributor
§  Twitter @bshteiman
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
What Is 3rd Party Software
Confidential4
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
3rd Party Software Defined
Confidential5
A third-party software component is a reusable software
component developed to be either freely distributed or sold
by an entity other than the original vendor of the development
platform.
Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-party_software_component
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Identified by Type
Confidential6
•  Software created by a 3rd party supplier
•  Software components created by a 3rd party
•  Infrastructure/Software as a service
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.7
Adoption
According to Veracode:
•  “Up to 70% of internally developed code originates outside of the
development team”
•  28% of assessed applications are identified as created by a 3rd party
Confidential
72%
18%
9% 1%
Application by supplier type
Internally Developed
Commercial
Open Source
Outsourced
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Pros vs. Cons
Confidential8
•  Reduced development time and cost
•  Smaller R&D team is required
•  Mature solution used by many
•  Delayed/No SLA on Patches
•  SDLC Gap
•  Patches may introduce new bugs
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
OWASP Top 10, “Using Known Vulnerable Components”
Confidential9
Components, such as libraries, frameworks, and other
software modules, almost always run with full privileges. If
a vulnerable component is exploited, such an attack can
facilitate serious data loss or server takeover.
Applications using components with known vulnerabilities
may undermine application defenses and enable a range of
possible attacks and impacts.
Source: OWASP Top 10 2013 Whitepaper
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
What’s Vulnerable?
Confidential10
Source: Aspect Security’s study “Understanding Security Risks in OSS Components”
Aspect Security study:
“A recent study by Aspect Security of over 113 million library downloads by
developers in 60,000 organizations, showed that 26 percent of those
downloads contain known vulnerabilities.”
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Landscape Impact
Confidential11
Source: Secunia Vulnerability Review 2014
http://secunia.com/company/news/1208-vulnerabilities-in-the-50-most-popular-programs---76-from-third-party-programs-389
Secunia: 1,208 vulnerabilities in the 50 most popular
programs - 76% from third-party programs
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Into the Wild
Confidential12
Looking Into Recent Incidents
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
A Social Experiment
Confidential13
Source: Topsy social analytics
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
A Social Experiment
Confidential14
Source: Topsy social analytics
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ever Seen a Bleeding Server?
Confidential15
Heartbleed (CVE-2014-0160)
•  A bug in OpenSSL, allowing data leakage
directly from server memory
•  OpenSSL is used for Web servers,
network appliances, and client software
packages
•  OpenSSL runs on 66% of SSL protected
websites
Sources:
- Netcraft - http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2014/04/02/april-2014-web-server-survey.html
- Heartbleed.com
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
But I Can Patch It! Can’t I?
Confidential16
ChangeCipherSpec (CVE-2014-0224)
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
3rd Party Code Driven Incidents
Confidential17
Source: ZDNet - http://www.zdnet.com/wordpress-plugin-vulns-affect-over-20-million-downloads-7000031703/
Wordpress Plugin vulnerabilities… A Petri Dish.
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
From Our Own Threat Advisories
Confidential18
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Show Me More
Confidential19
Hacking of a Known Component
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Zero-Days vs. Known Vulnerabilities
Confidential20
§  Zero-Days gets all the glory
•  Technically interesting
•  Give rise to some interesting theoretical
questions: How to defend the
“unknown unknowns?”
§  But known vulnerabilities are doing
a lot of the damage
•  Provide hackers with a very cost-
effective method to exploit applications
http://faildesk.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/movie-hacking-vs.-real-hacking.gif
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential21
Hacking a Known Component
Apache Tomcat, running Apache Struts2 library.
Target server is running a couple of
applications that use the Struts library
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential22
Hacking a Known Component
Struts2 showcase application, running with the Struts2 library.
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Hacking a Known Component
Confidential23
Source: www.exploit-db.com
Lets find ourselves a nice exploit for Struts
Apache has many extension libraries, Struts is amongst the
most popular library.
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Lets Attack Apache Struts
Confidential24
CVE of the day: CVE-2013-2251, Now we need an exploit!
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Remote Code Execution
Confidential25
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Remote Code Execution
Confidential26
Hacker now owns
the server.
PWN3D!
Injection Complete
Attempting
Remote Code
Injection
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Botnets Are Targeting Known Components
Confidential27
Recently Observed:
•  Botnets scan public servers
for vulnerabilities
•  Inject Hijack/Drive-by code to
vulnerable systems
•  Onboarding hijacked
systems into the botnet
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
From a Botnet Communication
Confidential28
Botnet operator uses zombies to
scan sites for vulnerabilities
* As observed by Imperva’s ADC Research Team
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
From a Botnet Communication
Confidential29
Botnet exploits vulnerabilities and
absorbs victim servers
* As observed by Imperva’s ADC Research Team
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Addressing the Problem
Confidential30
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Explore the Options
Confidential31
1.  Don’t use 3rd Party Components?
2.  Use 3rd Party Components, Responsibly
•  Identify 3rd party components, Track versions and
dependencies
•  Monitor security state of components
•  Continuously pentest the application that includes
third party components
•  Create an acceptance process for new components
which includes security validation
•  Disable unused functionality
•  Introduce compensating controls, such as Web
Application Firewalls to reduce risk
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
When a company builds its security model it usually does
not take into account elements that are not in control,
which creates the security hole.
Companies should:
§  Implement policies both on the legal and technical
aspects to control data access and data usage
§  Have processes and controls in place to effectively
manage and secure code involving 3rd party
components
§  Continuously monitor
Recommendations
32 Confidential32
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Webinar Materials
33
Post-Webinar
Discussions
Answers to
Attendee
Questions
Webinar
Recording Link
Join Group
Join Imperva LinkedIn Group,
Imperva Data Security Direct, for…
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Questions?
Confidential34
www.imperva.com
© 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.
Thank You
35 Confidential

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Hacking Encounters of the 3rd Kind

  • 1. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Hacking Encounters of the 3rd Kind Looking Into the Security Impact of 3rd Party Software Confidential1 Barry Shteiman, Director of Security Strategy, Imperva
  • 2. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Agenda Confidential2 §  Introduction §  What is 3rd party software §  Latest examples §  Hacking of a known component §  Addressing the problem §  Wrap up
  • 3. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Barry Shteiman, Director of Security Strategy Confidential3 §  Security Researcher working with the CTO office §  Author of several application security tools, including HULK §  Open source security projects code contributor §  Twitter @bshteiman
  • 4. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. What Is 3rd Party Software Confidential4
  • 5. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. 3rd Party Software Defined Confidential5 A third-party software component is a reusable software component developed to be either freely distributed or sold by an entity other than the original vendor of the development platform. Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-party_software_component
  • 6. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Identified by Type Confidential6 •  Software created by a 3rd party supplier •  Software components created by a 3rd party •  Infrastructure/Software as a service
  • 7. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved.7 Adoption According to Veracode: •  “Up to 70% of internally developed code originates outside of the development team” •  28% of assessed applications are identified as created by a 3rd party Confidential 72% 18% 9% 1% Application by supplier type Internally Developed Commercial Open Source Outsourced
  • 8. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Pros vs. Cons Confidential8 •  Reduced development time and cost •  Smaller R&D team is required •  Mature solution used by many •  Delayed/No SLA on Patches •  SDLC Gap •  Patches may introduce new bugs
  • 9. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. OWASP Top 10, “Using Known Vulnerable Components” Confidential9 Components, such as libraries, frameworks, and other software modules, almost always run with full privileges. If a vulnerable component is exploited, such an attack can facilitate serious data loss or server takeover. Applications using components with known vulnerabilities may undermine application defenses and enable a range of possible attacks and impacts. Source: OWASP Top 10 2013 Whitepaper
  • 10. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. What’s Vulnerable? Confidential10 Source: Aspect Security’s study “Understanding Security Risks in OSS Components” Aspect Security study: “A recent study by Aspect Security of over 113 million library downloads by developers in 60,000 organizations, showed that 26 percent of those downloads contain known vulnerabilities.”
  • 11. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Landscape Impact Confidential11 Source: Secunia Vulnerability Review 2014 http://secunia.com/company/news/1208-vulnerabilities-in-the-50-most-popular-programs---76-from-third-party-programs-389 Secunia: 1,208 vulnerabilities in the 50 most popular programs - 76% from third-party programs
  • 12. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Into the Wild Confidential12 Looking Into Recent Incidents
  • 13. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. A Social Experiment Confidential13 Source: Topsy social analytics
  • 14. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. A Social Experiment Confidential14 Source: Topsy social analytics
  • 15. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Ever Seen a Bleeding Server? Confidential15 Heartbleed (CVE-2014-0160) •  A bug in OpenSSL, allowing data leakage directly from server memory •  OpenSSL is used for Web servers, network appliances, and client software packages •  OpenSSL runs on 66% of SSL protected websites Sources: - Netcraft - http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2014/04/02/april-2014-web-server-survey.html - Heartbleed.com
  • 16. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. But I Can Patch It! Can’t I? Confidential16 ChangeCipherSpec (CVE-2014-0224)
  • 17. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. 3rd Party Code Driven Incidents Confidential17 Source: ZDNet - http://www.zdnet.com/wordpress-plugin-vulns-affect-over-20-million-downloads-7000031703/ Wordpress Plugin vulnerabilities… A Petri Dish.
  • 18. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. From Our Own Threat Advisories Confidential18
  • 19. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Show Me More Confidential19 Hacking of a Known Component
  • 20. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Zero-Days vs. Known Vulnerabilities Confidential20 §  Zero-Days gets all the glory •  Technically interesting •  Give rise to some interesting theoretical questions: How to defend the “unknown unknowns?” §  But known vulnerabilities are doing a lot of the damage •  Provide hackers with a very cost- effective method to exploit applications http://faildesk.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/movie-hacking-vs.-real-hacking.gif
  • 21. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential21 Hacking a Known Component Apache Tomcat, running Apache Struts2 library. Target server is running a couple of applications that use the Struts library
  • 22. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential22 Hacking a Known Component Struts2 showcase application, running with the Struts2 library.
  • 23. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Hacking a Known Component Confidential23 Source: www.exploit-db.com Lets find ourselves a nice exploit for Struts Apache has many extension libraries, Struts is amongst the most popular library.
  • 24. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Lets Attack Apache Struts Confidential24 CVE of the day: CVE-2013-2251, Now we need an exploit!
  • 25. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Remote Code Execution Confidential25
  • 26. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Remote Code Execution Confidential26 Hacker now owns the server. PWN3D! Injection Complete Attempting Remote Code Injection
  • 27. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Botnets Are Targeting Known Components Confidential27 Recently Observed: •  Botnets scan public servers for vulnerabilities •  Inject Hijack/Drive-by code to vulnerable systems •  Onboarding hijacked systems into the botnet
  • 28. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. From a Botnet Communication Confidential28 Botnet operator uses zombies to scan sites for vulnerabilities * As observed by Imperva’s ADC Research Team
  • 29. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. From a Botnet Communication Confidential29 Botnet exploits vulnerabilities and absorbs victim servers * As observed by Imperva’s ADC Research Team
  • 30. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Addressing the Problem Confidential30
  • 31. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Explore the Options Confidential31 1.  Don’t use 3rd Party Components? 2.  Use 3rd Party Components, Responsibly •  Identify 3rd party components, Track versions and dependencies •  Monitor security state of components •  Continuously pentest the application that includes third party components •  Create an acceptance process for new components which includes security validation •  Disable unused functionality •  Introduce compensating controls, such as Web Application Firewalls to reduce risk
  • 32. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. When a company builds its security model it usually does not take into account elements that are not in control, which creates the security hole. Companies should: §  Implement policies both on the legal and technical aspects to control data access and data usage §  Have processes and controls in place to effectively manage and secure code involving 3rd party components §  Continuously monitor Recommendations 32 Confidential32
  • 33. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Webinar Materials 33 Post-Webinar Discussions Answers to Attendee Questions Webinar Recording Link Join Group Join Imperva LinkedIn Group, Imperva Data Security Direct, for…
  • 34. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Questions? Confidential34 www.imperva.com
  • 35. © 2014 Imperva, Inc. All rights reserved. Thank You 35 Confidential