1. 1
Hotel JS Luwansa Kuningan Jakarta 11 September 2013
Disampaikan dalam Lokakarya RPJM Sektor Transportasi
2015 – 2019 Kerja sama BAPPENAS - IndII
BANDAR UDARA SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG INDUSTRI
PENERBANGAN NASIONAL DALAM ERA GLOBALISASI
DAN ASEAN OPEN SKY
Wismono Nitidihardjo
Kepala Bidang Riset INACA

2. UNDERSTANDING AIRLINE

3. Karakteristik Industri Transportasi Udara
• Industri global dan terbesar di dunia
• Tingkat perubahan sangat cepat
• Pertumbuhan industri yang dinamis
• Inovatif dalam persaingan
• Margin keuntungan yang rendah atau bahkan negatif
3

4. Airline Operating Environment
Airline Controlled :
 Routes
 Schedules
 A/C type
 Marketing programs
Beyond Airline’s Control :
 Market growth
 Competition
 Costs
 Fares

5. Traditional Airline
Airlines are self-sufficient, with most
functions/services provided internally Engineering
Sales &
Distribution
Revenue
Accounting
Cargo
Ground
HandlingInformatics
In Flight
catering
Flighht
Operation
AIRLINES

6. Virtual Airline
Airlines outsource some or most
functions/services Engineering
Sales &
Distribution
Revenue
Accounting
Cargo
Ground
Handling
Informatics
In Flight
catering
Flighht
Operation
Ccc
Flight
Operation
Core Airline

7. Aviation Business Model
Airlines have some business units that
support the passenger core, but generate
most revenue from external clients
Engineering
Sales &
Distribution
Revenue
Accounting
Cargo
Ground
Handling
Informatics
In Flight
catering
Flighht
Operation
AIRLINES
CccFlight Operation
Core Airline

8. Service Flow
Pre – Flight In – Flight Post - Flight
Reservations In-Flight Service Baggage Handling
Ticketing Transfer Service Surface Service
Check-in
Greeting Service

9. Airline Profitability
Airline business is a high risk business
 Low profit margin
 High capital
 High technology
 High competition

10. About the Airport
 Catchment Area
 Airport Access
 Airport Capacity
 No. of Cities served
 No. of Airlines serving
 Connectivity
 Future Development

11. Airport Access
 Access by road
 Access by rail
 Parking Area

12. Airport Capacity
 Runway Capacity
 Terminal Capacity
 Growth Rate of Movements
 Growth Rate of Passenger

13. Number of Cities Served
 World-wide / Long Haul
 International
 Domestic

14. Number of Airlines Serving
 International Airlines
 Domestic Airlines

15. Connectivity
 MCT (Minimum Connecting Time) and its
comparison with other airport
International – International
Domestic - Domestic
International – Domestic
Domestic - International

16. Future Developments
 Runways
 Terminal
 Access
 Facilities
 Pax and Cargo Forcast

17. Number of Cities Served
 World-wide / Long Haul
 International
 Domestic

18. Potential of Catchment Area
 National GDP, Catchment area GDP, GDP per Capita,
Inflation rate, Disposable Income, etc.
 List of Big/Well known Companies
 Famous Sights and Tourist/leisures attractions
 International Communities (Japanese, American,
Korean Community, etc)
 Events/International events, e.g. Olympic games,
World Cup, International Exhibitions/Fairs

19. ASEAN Open Skies Policy Principles
• 3rd , 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th freedom of the air are
exchanged
• Multi designation systems
• No frequency and capacity restrictions
• Tariffs – Double disapproval
• Airline ownership rules : flexibility
• Gradual removal of restrictions on pricing and route
rights
• As from 2015, restriction on route rights in principle to
be removed
• No Market Access Restrictions ( all points)

20. Open Sky adalah LIBERALISASI
Hubungan kausalitas antara Liberalisasi Penerbangan (Air Service Liberalization)
dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (Economic Growth)
Liberalization
New and
better air
services
Traffic
growth
Economic
growth
Job growth
Alasan Liberalisasi (The rationale for liberalizaation:
Akan memberikan benefit net economic secara keseluruhan bagi negara peserta (participating
countries), apabila liberalisasi diberlakukan secara effektif dan apabila berdaya guna dan berhasil guna
bagi negara peserta
Ancaman :
Tidak semua penerbangan dari negara peserta akan memperoleh manfaat atau keuntungan, bahkan
akan ada yang terpuruk (losers), karena kompetisi sebagai akibat dari liberalisasi sangat tajam..
Peluang :
Flexibilitas operasional penerbangan dalam ikllim liberalisasi air transport (open sky) , memberikan
peluang airline menyusun jaringan penerbangan (network) memaksimalkan effesiensi. Ini terutama
dinikmati oleh ASEAN Networks Carriers (SQ, MH, TG )
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21. TRANSPORTATION
INSTRUMENTS
ASEAN Multilateral
Agreement on The Full
Liberalization of Air Freight
Services (MAFLAFS)
ASEAN Multilateral
Agreement on Air
Services (MAAS)
Protocol 1 (Unlimited Third, Fourth and Fifth Freedom of
Traffic Rights among Designated Points in ASEAN)
Cities: Batam, Balikpapan, Biak, Makasar, Manado,
Palembang, Pontianak
Protocol 2 (Unlimited Third, Fourth and Fifth Freedom of
Traffic Rights among All Points with International Airports in
ASEAN)
Protocol 1 (Unlimited Third and Fourth Freedom Traffic Rights within the
ASEAN Sub-Region)
Cities : Medan, Padang, Banda Aceh, Nias,
Balikpapan, Pontianak, Tarakan, Manado
Protocol 2 (Unlimited Fifth Freedom Traffic Rights within the ASEAN Sub-
Region)
Cities : Medan, Padang, Banda Aceh, Nias,
Balikpapan, Pontianak, Tarakan, Manado
Protocol 3 (Unlimited Third and Fourth Freedom Traffic
Rights between the ASEAN Sub-Regions)
Cities : Medan, Padang; Balikpapan, Manado
Protocol 4 (Unlimited Fifth Freedom Traffic Rights
between the ASEAN Sub-Regions)
Cities: Medan, Padang; Balikpapan, Manado
Protocol 5 (Unlimited Third and Fourth Freedom Traffic
Rights between ASEAN Capital Cities)
Jakarta
Protocol 6 (Unlimited Fifth Freedom Traffic Rights
between ASEAN Capital Cities)
Jakarta
Source : DGCA
Liberalization ASEAN Air Services
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22. MAFLPAS
ASEAN MULTILATERAL
AGREEMENT ON THE FULL
LIBERALIZATION OF PASSENGER
AIR SERVICES (MAFLPAS)
PROTOCOL 1
UNLIMITED THIRD AND FOURTH
FREEDOM TRAFFIC RIGHTS BETWEEN
ANY ASEAN CITIES
Medan, Jakarta, Surabaya, Denpasar, Makassar
PROTOCOL 2
UNLIMITED THIRD, FOURTH AND FIFTH
FREEDOM
TRAFFIC RIGHTS BETWEEN ANY ASEAN
CITIES
ASAM*
Source : DGCA
*ASEAN Single Aviation Market
TRANSPORTATION INSTRUMENT

23. Roadmap Integration for Pax Air Travel Sectors
ASEAN MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON AIR
SERVICES
(MAAS)
Protokol 1
Protokol 2
Protokol 3
Protokol 4
Protokol 5
Protokol 6
ASEAN MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON THE
FULL LIBERALIZATION OF PASSENGER AIR
SERVICES
(MAFLPAS
Protokol 1
Protokol 2
Has been
signed by all
10 member
countries ,
but will take
effect after
ratification
process

24. TANTANGAN
• Meningkatkan daya saing (pemasaran, distribusi, produk, harga,
layanan dan SDM) airlines nasional.
• Kemampuan untuk merespon tekanan pasar dan memanfaatkan
peluang
• Kemungkinan terjadi cabotage terselubung atau investment cabotage.
• Keterbatasan penyediaan kapasitas oleh airllines nasional untuk
memanfaatkan peluang dalam kebijakan open sky
• Meningkatkan faktor keselamatan & keamanan untuk mematuhi
standar International / ICAO

25. PELUANG
Terbukanya pasar (Rute) Internasional khususnya antar
ASEAN capital
Posisi Geografi Indonesia yang terletak pada bagian paling
Selatan, membuka peluang dapat untuk memanfaatkan 5th
freedom right. Eg JKT-SIN-BKK, JKT-KUL-BKK
Kebebasan dalam penambahan frekuensi penerbangan , misal
beroperasi dengan 10x daily JKT-BKK vv, JKT-KUL vv
Pemerintah tetap mempertahankan azas cabotage

26. PELUANG
• Pelaksanaan Kebijakan ASEAN Open Skies akan memacu airline nasional
meningkatkan daya saing
• Pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional, baik secara nasional maupun
kewilayahan (provinsi) dapat dimanfaatkan bagi pengembangan strategi
• Peningkatan Network / Hub & Spoke
• Prinsip cabotage melindungi pasar domestic
• Fleksibilitas operasional didalam kebijakan liberalisasi akan
memungkinkan airline men-desain networks nya memaksimalkan
effisiensi

27. ANCAMAN
Operasional barrier yang belum transparan
Contoh :
- Publikasi ketersedian slot pada setiap Airport khususnya Landing
slot, Take off slot, Parking slot, Gate untuk boarding dll
- Publikasi perencanaan ketersediaan infrastruktur, penambahan
runway, perluasan terminal dll (penambahan kapasitas)
- Kebijakan dukungan Pemerintah terhadap level playing field
sehingga airlines nasional dapat menjadi tuan rumah di negara
sendiri
- Kebijakan Pemerintah yang lebih memprioriataskan peningkatan
ekonomi secara umum, dibanding membangun kekuatan airlines
nasional dan infrastruktur pendukungnya.

28. PERSPEKTIF KESIAPAN DARI SISI AIRLINES
1. OPERASIONAL (FLEET, MAINTENANCE)
2. PEMASARAN
3. PERMODALAN (KEUANGAN)
4. SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA
5. TEKNOLOGI
6. PEMENUHAN STANDAR SAFETY, SECURITY DAN SERVICES (3S + 1C)

29. Kesimpulan & Rekomendasi Kesiapan dari Sisi
Airlines
1. Airline Nasional
 Pembenahan pelayanan,teknologi , sdm, dan peningkatan brand
 Peningkatan safety, security, services dan compliance sesuai standar internasional
2. Regulator
 Benchmark regulasi
 Keterbukaan informasi untuk airline
 Menerapkan level playing field supaya airline nasional dapat menjadi tuan rumah
di negeri sendiri
3. Pemerintah
 Keseimbangan kebijakan dalam membangun kekuatan Airline Nasional dan
Industri Pendukungnya vs kekuataan Ekonomi secara umum

30. Airline Nasional akan menikmati keuntungan
dalam environment ASEAN Open Skies Policy
maupun ASAM, sepanjang mereka memiliki
tingkat persaingan yang kuat (sufficiently
strong competitive) dan dalam iklim equal
level playing field