2. Objective A demonstration project ‘to develop... [PPB] procedures and tools... and to provide and coordinate support in training and disseminating all activities.’ A ‘socialisation’ strategy to promote cultural attitudes and norms concerning the importance of maintaining roads. In support of national and regional development objectives.
5. Hailan Haiwe, PNG 0 – Minimum 1 – High repairs 2 – Scheduled seal + high 3 – KRGMP pre-emptive 4 – KRGMP pre-emptive + shape 5 – Min + structural overlay
6. Treatment options 1 Minimum repairs 2 Intermediate repairs 3 High repairs 4 Pre-emptive repairs 5 Pre-emptive and periodic 6 Pre-emptive and full menu 7 Business as usual (national) 8 Business as usual (provincial) 9 Pre-emptive and modified full menu
7. Comparing treatment options • Undertaking major works saves money in the long run. • Optimal option is ‘Full-pre-emptive’.
10. trading off RUCs and RACs to minimise total transport cost.
11. This is the optimal level of service. Where we are now Technical efficiency TTC RAC Allocative efficiency Where we want to be RUC Level of service Better ride quality
23. If either is late, RUC and RAC are higher than they need be.
24. Prompt routine maintenance extends road life and requires less frequent periodic maintenance . Routine Periodic Routine Periodic Age of pavement
25. Roads in service Take-home messages Goldilocks shows us that undertaking major works saves money in the long run. Prompt maintenance is win-win: it reduces costs for road users and the road agency alike.
28. The demand for trips • Demand for Puskesmas trips is relatively inelastic (–0.5), typical of a ‘necessary’ good like healthcare. • ‘Discretionary’ trips, such as VFR, are expected to be far more price-elastic. • Demand is relatively inelastic (– 0.46), typical of a ‘necessary’ good like healthcare. • ‘Discretionary’ trips, such as VFR, are expected to be far more price-elastic. ↙ Distance is a proxy for price. ↙ Distance is a proxy for price. Exponent is ‘price elasticity of demand’ and measures responsiveness of travel to changes in price. ↓ Exponent is ‘price elasticity of demand’ and measures responsiveness of travel to changes in price. ↓ Source: Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS)
29. Benefit Outcomes Income • Poverty rate • Surat k. miskin Health • Morbidity • Mortality • Life expectancy Social benefit Education • Attendance • Attainment Other Inputs, outputs, outcomes and benefit Outputs Inputs Road condition Demand curve ‘Consumption’ of trips ‘Price’ of trip Distance to destination
30. The social benefit of trips Price No motorable access Partial access Full access Trips per person
31. A little maintenance goes a long way Total benefit Benefit Partial access (99% of time) Partial access (95% of time) Full access No motorable access Marginal benefit Cost
34. Causality is not one-way: the poor may lack good roads for other reasons. Source: Potensi Desa (Podes)
35. ... and to poor health ← Sealed roads are associated with greatly reduced mortality. But is this because they are nearer to medical facilities (Puskesmas)?-> Source: Potensi Desa (Podes)
36. Roads in crisis Take-home messages A little maintenance goes a long way. Better to go from ‘no motorable access’ to ‘partial’, than from ‘partial’ to ‘full’. It is important to derive the demand for trips. Social benefit can be calculated, which permits the optimal allocation of resources. There is a link between road condition and wellbeing. The better the road, the better off the community.
![Objective A demonstration project ‘to develop... [PPB] procedures and tools... and to provide and coordinate support in training and disseminating all activities.’ A ‘socialisation’ strategy to promote cultural attitudes and norms concerning the importance of maintaining roads. In support of national and regional development objectives.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)