Oplægget blev holdt ved et seminar i InfinIT-interessegruppen Højniveausprog til indlejrede systemer. Læs mere om interessegruppen her: http://infinit.dk/dk/interessegrupper/hoejniveau_sprog_til_indlejrede_systemer/hoejniveau_sprog_til_indlejrede_systemer.htm

1. Apps for Industrial Devices
Stephan Korsholm
VIA (research & education)
Icelab (HVM – Hardware near Virtual Machine)
http://icelab.dk

2. Background
Wireless DECT module
Sensors
AT commands
Actuators
Control
Generic
Firmware

3. Background
Wireless Wifi module
Sensors
TCP/IP
Actuators
Control
Generic
Firmware

4. Background
Pump
Modbus
Control
Generic
Firmware

5. Background
Control
Generic
Firmware
Generic functionality
Usually written in C
100->1000 kB
Flashed during production
Closed source
Application specific functionality
1->10 kB
Programmed in the field
Programmed by the 'user'

6. Apps for Industrial Devices
Control
Generic
Firmware

7. Apps for Industrial Devices
Control
Generic
Firmware

8. Apps for Industrial Devices
Control
Generic
Firmware

9. Apps for Industrial Devices
Control
Generic
Firmware
Application specific functionality
1->10 kB
Programmed in the field
Programmed by the 'user'
Downloaded to the device
Executed on the device micro-controller,
along side the generic firmware

10. Apps for Industrial Devices
App1
App2
Virtual Machine
Generic
Firmware
●
Execution properties
–
Sandboxed, non disruptive
–
Timeslice, thread, task, ...

11. Apps for Industrial Devices
●
Advantages
–
–
●
External hardware (PLC/iPC) can in some
cases be avoided
Simplicity? Is programming a small app in
Eclipse easier/harder than setting up a PLC or
learning AT commands?
Disadvantages
–
Worry: Is the sandbox tight?
–
'Select is broken'
–
Are ressources available on existing
hardware in terms of RAM/ROM and
CPU time?
App1
App2
Virtual Machine
Generic
Firmware

12. Apps for Industrial Devices
●
Advantages/disadvantages
–
Apps for industrial devices is a complementary
technology to existing solutions
–
May be useful in some contexts
App1
App2
Virtual Machine
Generic
Firmware

13. Apps for Industrial Devices
●
Enabling technologies
–
Scripting languages, e.g. Python/Javascript
–
Interpreted languages, e.g. Java/C#/Lua
–
App1
App2
Virtual Machine
Generic
Firmware

14. Apps for Industrial Devices
●
Python,
–
CPython,
–
–
–
For Linux based environments
Full Python support
PyMite
–
–
–
–
8 bit micro controllers
Minimal 64 kB of program memory (flash) and 4 kB of RAM
Subset of Python
No Python libraries
App1
App2
Virtual Machine
Generic
Firmware

15. Apps for Industrial Devices
●
LUA,
App1
–
C interpreter
–
Approx 180 kB flash required
–
Mininal RAM resources?
–
Full Eclipse integration, large community
–
Virtual Machine
Sandboxing supported
–
App2
POSIX based,
Generic
Firmware
#include <assert.h>, <ctype.h>, <dlfcn.h>, <errno.h>,
<float.h>, <io.h>, <limits.h>, <locale.h>,
<math.h>, <setjmp.h>, <signal.h>, <stdarg.h>,
<stddef.h>, <stdio.h>, <stdlib.h>, <string.h>,
<sys/wait.h>, <time.h>, <unistd.h>

16. Apps for Industrial Devices
●
HVM,
App1
App2
Virtual Machine
–
Java interpreter. Full Java support
–
Sandboxing supported
–
Approx 30 kB flash required
–
512 bytes minimal RAM
–
Full Eclipse integration (including debugging)
–
Barebone, no includes
gcc -nostdlib *.c
Generic
Firmware

17. Apps for Industrial Devices
HVM Demonstration.....

18. Apps for Industrial Devices
●
Other issues,
–
Verification in the cloud (AAU, UPAAL),
●
–
Lua, Python, Java, ….