Infant and Adult Neurogenesis
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1. Neurogenesis occurs in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles in infants and adults. Neural stem cells and progenitor cells in the SVZ generate new neurons that migrate to other areas of the brain. 2. In infants, neuroblasts migrate from the SVZ to the olfactory bulb through the rostral migratory stream. Some cells branch off the RMS to supply the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. 3. There is evidence of declining neurogenesis with age as shown by a decrease in immature neurons in the RMS and olfactory tract between infants and adults. However, the existence of neurogenesis in the adult human brain remains an open question requiring further study.
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Infant and Adult Neurogenesis
- 1. ADULT AND INFANT Neurogenesis Inés Cordón & Ingrid Meucci
- 2. What is Neurogenesis ? Proliferation & Stem Cell Migration Progenitor Cells New neurons generated from neural stem cells and progenitors cells Oligodendrocyte Astrocyte Neuron
- 3. Where does Neurogenesis happen? Lateral Ventricle Hippocampus
- 4. The SVZ : SubVentricular Zone In Adult
- 5. The RMS : Rostral Migratory Stream
- 6. Evidence of Migration in Rodent
- 7. DOES NEUROGENESIS DISAPPEAR ?
- 8. Technique: Immunohistochemistry Stains Mark DAPI All Cells DCX : Doublecortin Immature neuron PSA-NCAM Migrating neuron Ki67 Cellular proliferation GFAP/Vimentine Astrocytes/Glia
- 9. Neurogenesis in Human Lateral ventricle 1 Subventricular Zone Neuroblasts 2 Rostral Migratory Stream Olfactory Bulb 3 Olfactory Tract
- 10. 1. Neurogenesis in the SVZ
- 11. Horizontal Section of the SVZ Arturo Alvarez- Buylla et al, Nature. ; 478(7369): 382–386. doi:10.1038/nature10487
- 12. Immunochemistry of the SVZ During the first 18 months of age Staining Cells Immature Neuron Glia Large number of DCX(+) neurons populate the future gap layer The glia cells processes fill the gap area Arturo Alvarez- Buylla et al, Nature. ; 478(7369): 382–386. doi:10.1038/nature10487
- 13. Quantification of Immature Neuron in the SVZ Staining Immature neuron Proliferating subependymal cell Sharp decline in proliferating cells and immature neuron Arturo Alvarez- Buylla et al, Nature. ; 478(7369): 382–386. doi:10.1038/nature10487
- 14. Conclusion During infant and adult age Infant Adult Where these cells go ?
- 15. 2. Neurogenesis in the RMS
- 16. Caracterization of the RMS At 5 months Sagital and Coronal Reconstitution Tributaries of cells Isolated ependymal islets Evidence of the RMS between the SVZ and the Olfactory Bulb (OB) Out of the sagital plane Arturo Alvarez- Buylla et al, Nature. ; 478(7369): 382–386. doi:10.1038/nature10487
- 17. Immunohistochemistry of neurons in the RMS At 5 months Staining Immature neuron Tributaries of Migrating neuron cells Isolated ependymal islets Out of the sagital plane Clusters of immature and migrating neurons Arturo Alvarez- Buylla et al, Nature. ; 478(7369): 382–386. doi:10.1038/nature10487
- 18. Immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopie the RMS At 1 week Label Immature neuron A : Immature neuron Glia B : Glia Individual DCX(+) neuronal chains Ultrastructural analysis of a neuronal chain cross-section Evidence of a chain of immature and migrating neurons within the RMS surrounded by glia Arturo Alvarez- Buylla et al, Nature. ; 478(7369): 382–386. doi:10.1038/nature10487
- 19. General Structure of the RMS
- 20. Serial Coronal Sections of the Adult RMS Staining Cells Glia Zhengang Yang et al, Cell Research (2011) 21:1534-1550
- 21. Horizontal Section of the Adult RMS Staining Glia Immature neuron Cells The RMS-like pathway exists in the adult human forebrain Zhengang Yang et al, Cell Research (2011) 21:1534-1550
- 22. 3. Neurogenesis in the Olfactory Tract
- 23. Immunohistochemistry in the Olfactory Tract At 1 day,8 months, 7 years Cross-Sectional Reconstitutions Staining Immature neuron Cells Migrating neuron Decline of an active RMS with age Arturo Alvarez- Buylla et al, Nature. ; 478(7369): 382–386. doi:10.1038/nature10487
- 24. Toluidine Blue Staining in a Longitudinal Section of the OT At 6 months Central chain of immature neurons surrounded by a matrix of astrocytes Arturo Alvarez- Buylla et al, Nature. ; 478(7369): 382–386. doi:10.1038/nature10487
- 25. Quantification of cells in the Proximal and Distal RMS At 6 months Proximal RMS Distal RMS There is a decline in the total amount of cells and in immature neurons between the proximal and distal RMS Arturo Alvarez- Buylla et al, Nature. ; 478(7369): 382–386. doi:10.1038/nature10487
- 26. Hypothesis for decline in cell number At 6 Months Staining Immature neuron Migrating and immature neuron A medial migratory stream (MMS) of immature neurons branches from the proximal rostral migratory stream (RMS) in the infant human brain to supply the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) Arturo Alvarez- Buylla et al, Nature. ; 478(7369): 382–386. doi:10.1038/nature10487
- 27. Summary Lateral ventricle Subventricular Zone Neuroblasts Rostral Migratory Stream Olfactory Bulb Olfactory Tract
- 28. Is really Neurogenesis over in the Human adult brain ? Other pathways like MMS Serial sections (sagital, coronal, horizontal) : DAPI If yes : Immunohistochemistry (DCX, Hud+/Sox10-, NeuN) Apoptosis ? Hybridation in-situ : caspase, P53 ? Which are the transcription factors expressed by the astrocytes ? Transcriptome : microarray Hybridation in-situ for these transcription factor
- 29. Thank For Your Attention