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Intraprenørskap – Fra festtale til handling?
Intraprenørprisen 2014
Ragnvald Sannes
Handelshøyskolen BI
ragnvald.sannes@bi.no
«å skape en ny virksomhet innenfor rammene
av en eksisterende bedrift basert på
innovasjon» (Sætre, 2001)
Schumpeter: en entreprenør
har både vilje og evne til å
konvertere en ny ide eller
oppfinnelse til en vellykket
innovasjon!
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
2
Så da er vel alle virksomheter
fulle av intraprenører?
Etablerte virksomheter har flere
dilemmaer som vokser med størrelse
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
3
Dilemma 1: Trygge vs. risikable beslutninger
Prioritering av
ressurser
Utnytte det
bestående
Sikre dagens
inntekter
Utvikling og
fornyelse
Satse på
morgendagens
inntekt
 effektivisering
 produktivitet
 optimalisering
 kortsiktige
gevinster
 utforsking
 eksperimentering
 oppfinnelser
 læring
Anbefalt lesestoff: James March (1991): Exploitation vs. Exploration, Organization Science
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
4
Spenningsforholdet mellom
”drift” og ”utvikling”
Value
«The
performance
engine»
Business
Model
Business
innovation
and
development
Tangible
assets
Technology
Financial
assets
People
Intangible
assets
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
5
Value configuration
Value proposition
Customer value
How to set up the
business
Operational
excellence
Improve and
change
Organizational
resources and
capabilities
Bygger på Peder Inge Furseths
Value-Based Service Innovation
Exploitation Exploration
Vision and mission
Capacity:
Resources
Capability:
Competence
and Culture
”Lean and mean” ”Slack”
Dilemma 2: “Ja takk, begge deler” er krevende
innen samme organisasjons- og styringsstruktur
 effektivisering
 produktivitet
 optimalisering
 kortsiktige
gevinster
 utforsking
 eksperimentering
 oppfinnelser
 læring
Ledelse og styring
Organisering
Resultatmål
Kompetanse
Tidshorisont
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
6
”Lean and mean” ”Slack”
Kotter: Duale strukturer i en organisasjon
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
7
«Although traditional hierarchies
and processes—which together
form a company’s “operating
system”—are optimized for day-to-
day business, they can’t handle the
challenges of mounting complexity
and rapid change.”
“The solution is a second
operating system, devoted to the
design and implementation of
strategy, that uses an agile,
networklike structure and a very
different set of processes.»
Kilde: Kotter (2012), Accellerate, HBR
Kotter: Duale strukturer i en organisasjon
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
8
Kilde: Kotter (2012), Accellerate, HBR
Dilemma 3: Gevinstpotensiale vs. risiko
Kilde: Nagji & Tuff (2012), Managing Your Innovation Portfolio, HBR
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
9
Sannsynlighet for suksess
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
10
Inkrementell Radikal
Grad av endring
Omfang og kompleksitet
Lav
Høy
Sannsynlighet
for suksess
< 10 %
> 70 %?
Forskning på IT-prosjekter:
 ca. 50% av prosjektene er direkte mislykket
(35-65%)
 ca. 25% gir et mindre tilfredsstillende resultat
(25-35%)
 ca. 25% av prosjektene er vellykkede (15-
35%)
Konsistent med funn for
andre typer av prosjekter!
Alle intraprenører har rømt,
virksomheten er for nyskaping tømt!
Men det er tross alt noen som får det til
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
11
Overskrift i Washington Post, 4. juni 2014
Innovasjon er ikke en lineær og styrt prosess
Assumptions Observations
Ideas One invention, operationalized Reinvention, proliferation, reimplementation, discarding,
and termination
People An entrepreneur with fixed set of full-time
people over time
Many entrepreneurs, distracted, fluidly engaging &
disengaging over time in a variety of roles
Transaction Fixed network of people/firms working out
details of an idea
Expanding, contracting network or partisan stakeholders
who converge & diverge on ideas
Context Environment provides opportunities and
constraints on innovation processes
Innovation process creates and constrained by multiple
enacted environments
Outcomes Final result orientation; a stable new order
comes into being
Final result indeterminate; many in-process assessments
and spinoffs; integration of new orders with old
Process Simple, cumulative sequences of stages
or phases
From simple to many divergent, parallel & convergent
paths; some related, others not
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014
12
Kilde: Van De Ven m.fl. (1999). The Innovation Journey. Oxford University Press
Ragnvald Sannes
Ledelsens ansvar: De organisatoriske utfordringene!
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
13
Ledelsen
Innovasjonskultur
i linjen
Kreativitet hos
medarbeidere
Innovasjons-
initiativ
Kompetanse i
innovasjon og
endring
Legger til rette for
Er ansvarlig for
Fremmer Forutsetning for
Initierer og følger opp
Læring
Det er lov å feile, men
man skal lære av sine feil Systematisk ramme for initiativ
«Innovators DNA» / C. Christensen m.fl.
«Rock’n Roll Leadership» / Ø. Martinsen
«Innovation happens when ideas have sex» / M. Ridley
Organisering
Styringsmodell
Innovasjonsmodell
Innovasjonsprosess
Ressurser
Verktøykasse
“Innovation Doesn't Come On
Demand, It Comes by Invitation Only”
John P. Kotter
Kompetanseutvikling
Kunnskapsforvaltning
Praksisfelleskap
“Innovation Doesn't Come On Demand, It
Comes by Invitation Only”
1. Share the
company secrets
• Ensure that employees are “in
the know.”
• Ensure that employees
understand current metrics
affecting the business — the
strengths and weaknesses,
the most tightly-held secrets
to the company — it makes
them more empowered and
productive.
2. Don’t tell them
they “have to.” Help
them want to
• Lead with a light hand. Ask
questions instead of driving
decisions.
• Reward those that speak up
by giving them the power to
follow their idea through.
• When teams begin to trust
that they are in control, they’ll
take the lead, and you may
be amazed at what they come
up with.
3. Give explicit
permission to take
risks
• Give employees freedom to
explore ideas.
• Value lessons from failure as
much as lessons learned from
successes.
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
14
“Your employees don’t just need inspiration, they need an invitation.”
Kilde: John P. Kotter, bloggpost på Forbes.com, 22.08.2012
”Innovation happens when ideas have sex…”
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
15
The secret of the modern world is its gigantic interconnectedness. Ideas are
having sex with other ideas from all over the planet with ever-increasing
promiscuity. The telephone had sex with the computer and spawned the Internet.
Technologies emerge from the coming together of existing technologies into
wholes that are greater than the sum of their parts.
Matt Ridley, Reason Magazine, July 2010
- reason.com/archives/2010/06/14/ideas-having-sex
- www.rationaloptimist.com
- www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/matt_ridley_when_ideas_have_sex.html
“Being First Isn't The Most Important Thing, Getting It Right Is”
• ”Many of the visions incubated during
the dot-co, boom did come to fruition. It
just took longer than anyone
anticipated.”
• ”..it turned out there was tremendous
value in business-to-business e-
commerce. It just turned out to be much
more complicated than online retailing,
and so it took much longer to get it
right.”
Kilde: Govindarajan & Trimble (2010). “The Other
Side of Innovation: Solving the Execution Challenge.”
Harvard Business School Publishing, p. 4
• Cartoon from Techdirt, Diigo
bookmark?
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 16
Ragnvald
Sannes
basicinstructions.net/basic-instructions/2011/9/1/how-to-
give-somebody-the-respect-they-deserve.html
”I can guarantee you that everything we do will not work”
• We are stubborn on vision. We are flexible on details….
• We are planting more seeds right now, and it is too early to talk about
them, but we are going to continue to plant seeds.
• We don’t give up on things easily. Our third-party seller business is an
example of that. It took us three tries to get the third-party seller
business to work. We didn’t give up.
Jeff Bezos, Amazon shareholder meeting 7. June, 2011
Reported by Geekwire: Amazon ‘willing to be misunderstood for long periods of time’
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
17
”Øvelse gjør
mester”
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
18
The Perils of Best Practice, McKinsey Quarterly, september 2012
Takk for oppmerksomheten!
Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes
19

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Intraprenørprisen 2014. juni 5 - Foredrag - Ragnvald Sannes - Intraprenørskap: Fra festtale til handling?

  • 1. Intraprenørskap – Fra festtale til handling? Intraprenørprisen 2014 Ragnvald Sannes Handelshøyskolen BI ragnvald.sannes@bi.no
  • 2. «å skape en ny virksomhet innenfor rammene av en eksisterende bedrift basert på innovasjon» (Sætre, 2001) Schumpeter: en entreprenør har både vilje og evne til å konvertere en ny ide eller oppfinnelse til en vellykket innovasjon! Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 2
  • 3. Så da er vel alle virksomheter fulle av intraprenører? Etablerte virksomheter har flere dilemmaer som vokser med størrelse Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 3
  • 4. Dilemma 1: Trygge vs. risikable beslutninger Prioritering av ressurser Utnytte det bestående Sikre dagens inntekter Utvikling og fornyelse Satse på morgendagens inntekt  effektivisering  produktivitet  optimalisering  kortsiktige gevinster  utforsking  eksperimentering  oppfinnelser  læring Anbefalt lesestoff: James March (1991): Exploitation vs. Exploration, Organization Science Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 4
  • 5. Spenningsforholdet mellom ”drift” og ”utvikling” Value «The performance engine» Business Model Business innovation and development Tangible assets Technology Financial assets People Intangible assets Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 5 Value configuration Value proposition Customer value How to set up the business Operational excellence Improve and change Organizational resources and capabilities Bygger på Peder Inge Furseths Value-Based Service Innovation Exploitation Exploration Vision and mission Capacity: Resources Capability: Competence and Culture ”Lean and mean” ”Slack”
  • 6. Dilemma 2: “Ja takk, begge deler” er krevende innen samme organisasjons- og styringsstruktur  effektivisering  produktivitet  optimalisering  kortsiktige gevinster  utforsking  eksperimentering  oppfinnelser  læring Ledelse og styring Organisering Resultatmål Kompetanse Tidshorisont Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 6 ”Lean and mean” ”Slack”
  • 7. Kotter: Duale strukturer i en organisasjon Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 7 «Although traditional hierarchies and processes—which together form a company’s “operating system”—are optimized for day-to- day business, they can’t handle the challenges of mounting complexity and rapid change.” “The solution is a second operating system, devoted to the design and implementation of strategy, that uses an agile, networklike structure and a very different set of processes.» Kilde: Kotter (2012), Accellerate, HBR
  • 8. Kotter: Duale strukturer i en organisasjon Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 8 Kilde: Kotter (2012), Accellerate, HBR
  • 9. Dilemma 3: Gevinstpotensiale vs. risiko Kilde: Nagji & Tuff (2012), Managing Your Innovation Portfolio, HBR Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 9
  • 10. Sannsynlighet for suksess Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 10 Inkrementell Radikal Grad av endring Omfang og kompleksitet Lav Høy Sannsynlighet for suksess < 10 % > 70 %? Forskning på IT-prosjekter:  ca. 50% av prosjektene er direkte mislykket (35-65%)  ca. 25% gir et mindre tilfredsstillende resultat (25-35%)  ca. 25% av prosjektene er vellykkede (15- 35%) Konsistent med funn for andre typer av prosjekter!
  • 11. Alle intraprenører har rømt, virksomheten er for nyskaping tømt! Men det er tross alt noen som får det til Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 11 Overskrift i Washington Post, 4. juni 2014
  • 12. Innovasjon er ikke en lineær og styrt prosess Assumptions Observations Ideas One invention, operationalized Reinvention, proliferation, reimplementation, discarding, and termination People An entrepreneur with fixed set of full-time people over time Many entrepreneurs, distracted, fluidly engaging & disengaging over time in a variety of roles Transaction Fixed network of people/firms working out details of an idea Expanding, contracting network or partisan stakeholders who converge & diverge on ideas Context Environment provides opportunities and constraints on innovation processes Innovation process creates and constrained by multiple enacted environments Outcomes Final result orientation; a stable new order comes into being Final result indeterminate; many in-process assessments and spinoffs; integration of new orders with old Process Simple, cumulative sequences of stages or phases From simple to many divergent, parallel & convergent paths; some related, others not Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 12 Kilde: Van De Ven m.fl. (1999). The Innovation Journey. Oxford University Press Ragnvald Sannes
  • 13. Ledelsens ansvar: De organisatoriske utfordringene! Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 13 Ledelsen Innovasjonskultur i linjen Kreativitet hos medarbeidere Innovasjons- initiativ Kompetanse i innovasjon og endring Legger til rette for Er ansvarlig for Fremmer Forutsetning for Initierer og følger opp Læring Det er lov å feile, men man skal lære av sine feil Systematisk ramme for initiativ «Innovators DNA» / C. Christensen m.fl. «Rock’n Roll Leadership» / Ø. Martinsen «Innovation happens when ideas have sex» / M. Ridley Organisering Styringsmodell Innovasjonsmodell Innovasjonsprosess Ressurser Verktøykasse “Innovation Doesn't Come On Demand, It Comes by Invitation Only” John P. Kotter Kompetanseutvikling Kunnskapsforvaltning Praksisfelleskap
  • 14. “Innovation Doesn't Come On Demand, It Comes by Invitation Only” 1. Share the company secrets • Ensure that employees are “in the know.” • Ensure that employees understand current metrics affecting the business — the strengths and weaknesses, the most tightly-held secrets to the company — it makes them more empowered and productive. 2. Don’t tell them they “have to.” Help them want to • Lead with a light hand. Ask questions instead of driving decisions. • Reward those that speak up by giving them the power to follow their idea through. • When teams begin to trust that they are in control, they’ll take the lead, and you may be amazed at what they come up with. 3. Give explicit permission to take risks • Give employees freedom to explore ideas. • Value lessons from failure as much as lessons learned from successes. Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 14 “Your employees don’t just need inspiration, they need an invitation.” Kilde: John P. Kotter, bloggpost på Forbes.com, 22.08.2012
  • 15. ”Innovation happens when ideas have sex…” Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 15 The secret of the modern world is its gigantic interconnectedness. Ideas are having sex with other ideas from all over the planet with ever-increasing promiscuity. The telephone had sex with the computer and spawned the Internet. Technologies emerge from the coming together of existing technologies into wholes that are greater than the sum of their parts. Matt Ridley, Reason Magazine, July 2010 - reason.com/archives/2010/06/14/ideas-having-sex - www.rationaloptimist.com - www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/matt_ridley_when_ideas_have_sex.html
  • 16. “Being First Isn't The Most Important Thing, Getting It Right Is” • ”Many of the visions incubated during the dot-co, boom did come to fruition. It just took longer than anyone anticipated.” • ”..it turned out there was tremendous value in business-to-business e- commerce. It just turned out to be much more complicated than online retailing, and so it took much longer to get it right.” Kilde: Govindarajan & Trimble (2010). “The Other Side of Innovation: Solving the Execution Challenge.” Harvard Business School Publishing, p. 4 • Cartoon from Techdirt, Diigo bookmark? Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 16 Ragnvald Sannes basicinstructions.net/basic-instructions/2011/9/1/how-to- give-somebody-the-respect-they-deserve.html
  • 17. ”I can guarantee you that everything we do will not work” • We are stubborn on vision. We are flexible on details…. • We are planting more seeds right now, and it is too early to talk about them, but we are going to continue to plant seeds. • We don’t give up on things easily. Our third-party seller business is an example of that. It took us three tries to get the third-party seller business to work. We didn’t give up. Jeff Bezos, Amazon shareholder meeting 7. June, 2011 Reported by Geekwire: Amazon ‘willing to be misunderstood for long periods of time’ Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 17
  • 18. ”Øvelse gjør mester” Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 18 The Perils of Best Practice, McKinsey Quarterly, september 2012
  • 19. Takk for oppmerksomheten! Intraprenørprisen 05.06.2014 Ragnvald Sannes 19