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International Comparison
2
Business
Environment
and Innovation
Cost of capital
Cost of capital encourages business development (1=worst; 10=best), 2012
Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2012
http://www.imd.org/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-Results/#
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Transparency
Transparency of government policy is satisfactory (1=worst; 10=best), 2012
Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2012
http://www.imd.org/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-Results/#
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)
The corruption perceptions index (1=high; 10=low), 2011
Source: Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2011
http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2011/
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Ease of doing business
Ease of doing business is supported by regulations (1=worst; 10=best), 2012
Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2012
http://www.imd.org/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-Results/#
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Number of procedures required to start a business
Number of procedures required to start a business, 2010
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF)
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Time required to start a business
Number of days required to start a business, 2010
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF)
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy does not hinder business activity (1=worst; 10=best), 2012
Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2012
http://www.imd.org/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-Results/#
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Foreign investors
Foreign investors are free to acquire control in domestic companies (1=worst; 10=best), 2012
Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2012
http://www.imd.org/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-Results/#
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Total tax rate
Combination of profit tax (% of profits), labor tax and contribution (% of profits), and other taxes (% of
profits, 2010)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF)
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf
Easy of accesses to loans
How easy to get a bank loan with only good business plan and no collateral (1=very difficult; 7=very
easy), 2010–2011, weighted average
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF)
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Venture capital availability
How easy is it for entrepreneurs with innovative but risky projects to find venture capital? (1=very difficult;
7=very easy), 2010–2011, weighted average
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF)
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
University-industry collaboration in R&D
To what extent do business and universities collaborate on research and development (R&D) in your
country? (1 = do not collaborate at all; 7 = collaborate extensively), 2010–2012, weighted average
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF)
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Source: World Bank
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
R&D investments (as % of GDP), 2010
15
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Quality of the educational system
How well does the educational system in your country meet the needs of a competitive economy? (1 = not
well at all; 7 = very well), 2010–2011, weighted average
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF)
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Language skills
Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises (1=worst; 10=best), 2012
Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2012
http://www.imd.org/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-Results/#
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
China
The USA
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Global competitiveness- Score and Rank in the
Global Competitiveness Index (2011-2012)
Country Score Rank
Finland 5.47 4
Sweden 5.61 3
Germany 5.41 6
The USA 5.43 5
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF)
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf18

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Criteria: Business, environment and innovation in Finland

  • 3. Cost of capital Cost of capital encourages business development (1=worst; 10=best), 2012 Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2012 http://www.imd.org/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-Results/# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 4. Transparency Transparency of government policy is satisfactory (1=worst; 10=best), 2012 Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2012 http://www.imd.org/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-Results/# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 5. Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) The corruption perceptions index (1=high; 10=low), 2011 Source: Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2011 http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2011/ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 6. Ease of doing business Ease of doing business is supported by regulations (1=worst; 10=best), 2012 Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2012 http://www.imd.org/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-Results/# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 7. Number of procedures required to start a business Number of procedures required to start a business, 2010 Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF) http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 8. Time required to start a business Number of days required to start a business, 2010 Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF) http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 9. Bureaucracy Bureaucracy does not hinder business activity (1=worst; 10=best), 2012 Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2012 http://www.imd.org/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-Results/# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 10. Foreign investors Foreign investors are free to acquire control in domestic companies (1=worst; 10=best), 2012 Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2012 http://www.imd.org/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-Results/# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 11. Total tax rate Combination of profit tax (% of profits), labor tax and contribution (% of profits), and other taxes (% of profits, 2010) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF) http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf
  • 12. Easy of accesses to loans How easy to get a bank loan with only good business plan and no collateral (1=very difficult; 7=very easy), 2010–2011, weighted average Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF) http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 13. Venture capital availability How easy is it for entrepreneurs with innovative but risky projects to find venture capital? (1=very difficult; 7=very easy), 2010–2011, weighted average Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF) http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 14. University-industry collaboration in R&D To what extent do business and universities collaborate on research and development (R&D) in your country? (1 = do not collaborate at all; 7 = collaborate extensively), 2010–2012, weighted average Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF) http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 15. Source: World Bank http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS R&D investments (as % of GDP), 2010 15 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 16. Quality of the educational system How well does the educational system in your country meet the needs of a competitive economy? (1 = not well at all; 7 = very well), 2010–2011, weighted average Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF) http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 17. Language skills Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises (1=worst; 10=best), 2012 Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2012 http://www.imd.org/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-Results/# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 China The USA Germany Sweden Finland
  • 18. Global competitiveness- Score and Rank in the Global Competitiveness Index (2011-2012) Country Score Rank Finland 5.47 4 Sweden 5.61 3 Germany 5.41 6 The USA 5.43 5 Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, World Economic Forum (WEF) http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011-12.pdf18

Notas del editor

  1. Chian and the USA > 2008, Germany and Sweden > 2009, Finland> 2010