Multimedia involves combining different media like text, graphics, audio, video and animation to deliver information interactively. It benefits language learning by integrating the four skills and allowing students to be actively involved in constructing knowledge through exploration and social interaction within their zone of proximal development. Multimedia language learning software incorporates these elements to provide pronunciation practice, simulate real-life situations, teach grammar, and give feedback through speech recognition.
2. Tell me and I will forget; show me
and I may remember; involve me
and I will understand
(Chinese proverb)
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3. Lecture 5%
Reading 10%
Audiovisual 20%
Demonstration 30%
Discussion Group 50%
Practise by doing 75%
Teach others/immediate use
of learning
90%
THE LEARNING PYRAMID
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4. DEFINITION
• Computer-based materials designed to be
used on a computer that can
• display and print text and high-quality
graphics,
• play pre-recorded audio and video
material,
• create new audio and video recordings.
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5. DEFINITION
• Derived from the word “Multi” and “Media”
• Multi
• Many, Multiple
• Media
• Tools that is used to represent or do a certain
things, delivery medium, a form of mass
communication – newspaper, magazine / tv.
• Distribution tool & information presentation – text,
graphic, voice, images, music and etc.
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6. DEFINITION
• Multimedia is a combination of text, graphic, sound,
animation, and video that is delivered interactively to the user
by electronic or digitally manipulated means
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TEXT
AUDIO
GRAPHIC
VIDEO
ANIMATION
12. MULTIMEDIA IN ELT
• Because of its capability of integrating the four
basic skills of listening, speaking, reading and
writing, multimedia is of considerable interest to
the language teacher.
• ESL LAB
• Multimedia English
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13. BENEFITS OF MULTIMEDIA
• Kulik et al. (1985,1986, 1991, and 1994) at
the University of Michigan
Analyzed hundreds of controlled
experiments on the effectiveness of
computer-based learning
Findings indicate that average learning
time has been reduced significantly and
achievement levels one grade better
when multimedia is used
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14. UNDERLYING THEORIES
• The more actively involved students are in the
teaching and learning process, the more
knowledge gets retained
• Cognitive theory: To educate you must do more
than modify behavior, you must help the
students learn how to develop strategies for
learning
• Multimedia computers provide a powerful
environment for helping achieve the goals of
cognitive movement in education 14
15. Teacher Dominated
Perspective
Teacher centered
Cognitive Perspective
Learner centered
Teacher present
knowledge
Learner discover and
construct knowledge
Students learn meaning
and memorize
Students create
meaning and process
information
Learn facts Develop learning
strategies
Knowledge is acquired Knowledge is created
Individual study Cooperative learning
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16. UNDERLYING THEORIES
• Broadly, cognitive theory is interested in how
people understand material, and thus in;
• aptitude and capacity to learn
• and learning styles
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17. UNDERLYING THEORIES
• Piaget 1969- students learn better when they
invent knowledge through inquiry and
experimentation instead of acquiring facts
presented by a teacher in class.
• Traditional classroom- impossible as one
teacher to many.
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18. UNDERLYING THEORIES
• Multimedia computers (internet) help by providing
student with a world of interconnected knowledge to
explore
• Student becomes active processor of the information
and knowledge is the by product
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19. UNDERLYING THEORIES
• Cognitive theory is the basis of the educational approach
known as constructivism
• emphasizes the role of the learner in constructing his own view
or model of the material, and what helps with that.
• Learner now an active processor who explores, discovers,
reflects and constructs knowledge – known as
constructivist movement
• Encourage knowledge formation and development of
meta cognitive processes for judging, organizing, and
acquiring new information
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Metacognition is defined as "cognition about
cognition", or "knowing about knowing."[1] It can
take many forms; "it includes knowledge about
when and where to use particular strategies for
learning or for problem solving.
20. UNDERLYING THEORIES
• Rumelhart (1981) introduced the notion of
schemata- mental frameworks for
comprehension that function as scaffolding
for organizing experience
• Vygotsky (1798) emphasized the role of social
interactions in knowledge construction-
concept of ZONE OF PROXIMAL
DEVELOPMENT (ZPD)
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21. ZONE OF PROXIMAL
DEVELOPMENT
• The difference between what a learner can do without help
and what he or she can do with help
• “the distance between the actual developmental level as
determined by independent problem solving and the level of
potential development as determined through solving under
adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers”
(Vigotsky)
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Scaffolding
24. ZPD AND INTERNET /
MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES
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So he goes to the internet to look for websites
that will teach him how to read critically
Ahmad has to complete his final year research
project (AE). However, his supervisor told him that
he needs to improve his Literature Review. He is not
reading critically enough.
This is Ahmad, a final year student at a university.
Ahmad can actually read but he needs a little
coaching to be able to read critically
25. ZPD AND INTERNET / MULTIMEDIA
TECHNOLOGIES
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Online multimedia websites
ESL critical reading websites
ZONE OF PROXIMAL
DEVELOPMENT
Critical reading videos on YouTube
SNS – discussions with friends
Ahmad is now able to
read critically
26. LANGUAGE LEARNING
• Multimedia computers natural for teaching language
• Digital audio provides pronunciation capabilities
• Full motion video can put students in real life situations
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