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1. {
María Paula Jiménez
Noa Lindo Calero
Rocío Mosquera
Abigail Sanchez

2. Plastics
 Polymers.
 Ability to be shaped
 Derived from organic
products.
 There are two families:
•Thermoplastics
•Thermosets

3. Sourcing of raw materials
PLANT ORIGIN
Latex found in nature is a milky fluid found in
10% of all flowering plants
Wood and cotton cellulose
Cellophane: thin, transparent sheet made of
regenerated cellulose.
Rayon: comes primarily from wood pulp.
Drying oil
is a type of plant oil that hardens after been exposed to
the air during a period of time. It is used for varnishes.

4. Sourcing of raw materials
ANIMAL ORIGIN
Casein protein component of milk.
manufacture of wood glues.
The resin secretion from the lac bug
Used to produce shellac.
Shellac is primarily used as
a wood sealer and finisher today

5. Sourcing of raw materials
MINERAL ORIGIN
Monomers extracted from petroleum, coal and
natural gas
1. These gases are broken down into
monomers.
2. Polymerisation
3. The compounds formed as called
polymers.
4. Combining the element carbon with one
or more other elements makes most
polymers.

6. Extrusion
Fed into a heated cylinder driven
forward by a turning screw melt
through a die at the end given
different shapes cooled.
Blow moulding
Hot air is blown into a pre-formed
tube injection moulded it takes
the shape of the container.

7. Compression moulding
A measured amount of material is added to a two part mould
and subjected to heat and pressure

8. Synthesis of the basic polymer:
 Mixing components in
specific quanties.
 Raw materials
chemical processes.
Incorporation of additives
• Plasticizers Improve plasticity Intensify shine.
• Antistatic agents less static charge no dirt, no dust.
• Fireproof of fire-retardant agents delay the flame.
• UV stabilizers protect it from UV radiation
prevents descomposition.
• Fillers, reinforcements, and lubricants better mechanical
proerties and easier manufacturing process.
• Mold release agents piece comes out easily.
• Antioxidants prevents reactions with oxygen.

10. Vacuum molding glasses, packaging
Vacuum molding glasses, packaging
and boxes.
and boxes.
Calendering platic tablecloths, plastic
Calendering platic tablecloths, plastic
wrap and plastic sheets.
wrap and plastic sheets.

11. Physical properties
 Electrical conductivity ---- very low
 Thermal conductivity ---- very low
 Density ---- low
 Expansion ---- high coefficient of expansion
 Melting point ---- is not ususally above 200 ºC
 Fusibility ---- a certain amount of heat is needed

12. Mechanical properties
Types of stress
· Traction- increases the length of a piece in the
direction of the forces
· Compression- reduces the length of the piece in
the direction of the forces
· Bending- makes the piece curve
· Shearing and Torsion- produce deformations in
the piece

13.  Elasticity- it undergoes low-intensity
 Plasticity- it undergoes stress of an intensity
 Malleability- produces slabs and sheets
 Ductility- produces bars and wires
 Resistance- plastics are not resistant at all
 Hardness- plastics have a wide range

14. Chemical properties
 Permeability- plastics are impermeable
 Solubility- plastics are not soluble
 Combustibility- plastics burn easily

15. Biological properties
 Recyclability- many materials that could not
be recycled in the past, now can
 Toxicity- toy,glues and paints (made of plastics)
can be toxic
 Biodegradability- the period of decomposition
of plastics is very long

16. THERMOSSETTING
PLASTIC
it polymers
can’t be fuse
or soluble,
It’ s heated
and shaped
once
It shape is
permanent
It’s not
recicable
Thermossetting estructure

17. EPOXY RESIN
MELAMINE
FORMALDEHYDE
POLYESTER RESIN
types of thermossetting
UREA FORMALDEHYDE
PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE

18. It can be flexible and malleable
It’s a reversible
material
can be melted to a liquid and cooled to a
solid

19. It is the oldest plastic material
It polymers, that are capable of
recovering their original shape
after being stretched to great
extents
any rubbery material composed of
similar molecules
This material is taken from a tree
called Hevea

20. BIOBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.natursan.net/caseina-de-la-leche/
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-
4/Shellac.html#ixzz3LFqjCe1O
http://www.plasticseurope.org/what-is-plastic/how-plastic-is-made.
aspx
http://www.design-technology.org/plastics