Sarah Thomas, vice president for Harvard library, Harvard University

1. Open Scholarship
A U.S. Research Library View in 2014
Sarah E. Thomas
Vice-President for the Harvard Library
&
Roy E. Larsen Librarian for the Faculty of Arts and Sciences

2. Overview
• Some historical perspective
• What’s happening at Harvard
• Other research libraries, other collaborations
• Information policy developments
• Benefits of Open Access
• Impediments to Open Access
• Some thoughts on the future

3. An Historical Perspective

6. Open Publishing at Harvard

7. Office of Scholarly Communication
Harvard Library
● Implement the open access (OA)
policies at eight schools
○ Adopt ninth at Harvard Medical
School
● Deposit new faculty articles in
DASH, our open-access repository
○ Obtain file, check version, add
metadata, verify license
● Advise faculty and other Harvard
researchers
○ Offer education and assistance
● Work with other parts of the
institution
○ Preserve DASH, collect data,
create incentives, collaborate

8. Developed, operate, and maintain DASH

9. Office of Scholarly Communication -Broad mission
● Provide OA to the research output of Harvard, not just scholarly
articles by faculty
○ genres beyond articles: theses, dissertations, books, data,
presentations
○ researchers beyond faculty: staff, students, postdocs, fellows
● Offer education and assistance beyond the OA policies
○ on the benefits and opportunities of OA in general
○ on copyright, takedown notices, academic publishing
○ on what’s changing, how to adapt, opportunities to seize
● Advise and assist on access issues
○ to Harvard-based journals
○ to Harvard-based digitization projects
○ to other Harvard-based projects (HarvardX, FTLP, etc.)
● Represent Harvard on selected external initiatives
○ participate in relevant studies and projects (UC study, SHARE,
COAPI, OSP); comment on relevant proposals; plan and co-host
relevant conferences; collaborate with MIT and other institutions
● Maintain Harvard's leadership on OA and scholarly communication
○ by helping other universities adopt Harvard-style OA policies
○ by helping create a culture in which OA is the default for new research

10. Established OA policies at Harvard
2/12/08 Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences
5/1/08 Harvard Law School
3/10/09 Harvard Kennedy School of
Government
6/1/09 Harvard Graduate School of Education
2/12/10 Harvard Business School
11/15/10 Harvard Divinity School
3/20/11 Harvard Graduate School of Design
11/26/12 Harvard School of Public Health
Soon: Harvard Medical School

13. Helped develop OA policies elsewhere

14. Shared our experience and that of partner institutions
Endorsed by the Coalition of Open Access Policy Institutions (COAPI),
Confederation of Open Access Repositories (COAR), Electronic
Information for Libraries (EIFL), Enabling Open Scholarship (EOS),
Mediterranean Open Access Network (MedOANet), Open Access
Directory (OAD), Open Access Implementation Group (OAIG), Open
Access Scholarly Information Sourcebook (OASIS), Scholarly
Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC), and SPARC

15. Compact for open-access publishing equity (COPE)

16. Harvard Open-Access Publishing Equity (HOPE)

18. HOPE Fund
• What publication venues are eligible?
• The venue of publication must be an established open-access
journal, that is, a journal that does not charge readers or their
institutions for unfettered access to the peer-reviewed articles that
it publishes.
• Journals with a hybrid open-access model or delayed open-access
model are not eligible. To be eligible, a journal must meet these
additional requirements:
• Be listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (unless the
journal is too new for DOAJ eligibility),
• Be a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association
or adhere to its Code of Conduct,
• Have publicly available a standard article fee schedule,
• Have a policy to substantially waive fees in case of
economic hardship.

22. Spearheads submission and distribution of ETDs
● Full-text to DASH (for OA), DRS (for preservation), and soon to
Acme (for printing)
● Records to Hollis

23. Provides Copyright Leadership
● Kyle Courtney, OSC
copyright advisor
● Advises
● Developed Copyright First
Responders Program
● Organized the country’s first
Fair Use Week (February 24-28, 2014)
● Testified
○ before Congress on fair use
○ before the Copyright Office on
orphan works and mass digitization

24. Harvard OSC Future Work
● Finishing the roll-out of the ETDs@Harvard across the University
● OA policy at HMS
○ 1,200 new papers/month from HMS alone, tripling the OSC load from 2013
○ opportunity for a University-wide OA policy
● OA mandates from US Depts of Labor, Education, and HHS
○ similar to current policy from NIH
● OA mandates coming from about two dozen federal agencies
○ these will apply to both texts and data
● Preserving DASH in DRS2
● Coordinating with Dataverse
○ to facilitate deposit of data
○ to integrate open texts (in DASH) with open data (in Dataverse)
● Participating in new standards and projects, e.g. ORCID, PIRUS, OAI-ORE, OARJ,
SHARE, support for open licenses

34. Open Access Monographs and the
Academy
• AAU-ARL Task Force on Scholarly
Communications
• Knowledge Unlatched
• HathiTrust-Print Monographs Archive
• Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
• University Press-Library Collaborations
– Harvard
– Pitt
– Cornell

35. Hathi Trust

36. SHARE
• In response to the February 2013 White House directive on
public access to federally funded research and data, the
Association of Research Libraries (ARL), the Association of
American Universities (AAU), and the Association of Public
and Land-grant Universities (APLU) have proposed a SHared
Access Research Ecosystem (SHARE). The three associations
envision SHARE as a network of digital repositories at
universities, libraries, and other research institutions across
the US that will provide long-term public access to federally
funded research articles and data. ARL, AAU, and APLU
welcome wide community input throughout the
forthcoming steps of conducting a formal feasibility study,
governance building, and implementation.

38. Federally Funded Research Open
Access

39. OA @ Tipping Point
• Budapest OA Initiative, Bethesda, Berlin Declaration
• Coalitions: SPARC
• Information Policy Development
• Funder Mandates: National Institutes of Health
(PubMedCentral), Wellcome, National Science
Foundation
• Sponsorship (Arcadia, Mellon, Open Society Institute,
Sloan)
• Tools for dissemination: Internet, Apps, FEDORA,
DSPACE, mobile technology

40. Factors Impeding OA
• Promotion and Tenure Policies
• Disciplinary norms and cultures
• Conflicting Interests of Scholarly Societies
• Publisher Interests
• Disconnected repositories, lack of suitable, sustainable
infrastructure
• Embargoes
• Insufficient understanding of copyright and licenses
• No Easy Button
• 1000 flowers blooming

41. WhatSocietiesReallyThinkAbout
OpenAccess
PostedbyAliceMeadows⋅Jun25,2014⋅
Scholarly
Kitchen

42. Growth of Gold:

43. Only 15 % of researchers surveyed by
Ithaka had deposited their paper in an IR

44. Open Data

45. A Few Observations on the Future
• Academics need to drive change by choosing to
publish in OA journals.
• Librarians can facilitate this change and develop
new roles by hosting OA journals and books
• It will be at least a decade before libraries will be
able to redirect materials budgets away from
subscription journals to a substantial corpus of
OA material.
• The pull of Open Access is strong and irresistible.

46. Lewis Sees a Pot of Gold