Infrastructures and services are known to be the backbone of any human settlement . They are known to be determinant of the quality of life and operational efficiency of any city. They are also the one regulating the productivity of the city. Infra remain vital for all the urban residents , communities, city and the state. Accordingly, it becomes important that infrastructures on prescribed norms and standards are made available in both quantity and quality in the human habitation. Providing Infra requires lot of resources and technology know how. Accordingly adequate provision in the budget of urban local bodies need to be provided. in addition to providing infra and services, it is critical that they are also maintained properly. Key issues in the infra is the delivery of services. Government must involve private sector in providing services. Services charges also have to be rational to make them affordable. Providing services and infra remains a difficult and innovative option. It offers both a challenge and an opportunity. All ULBs must ensure adequate services of appropriate quality to all its citizens , even poorest of poor, to lead a dignified living.

1. Ar. J.K.GUPTA,
Email---- jit.kumar1944@gmail.com, Mob- 90410-26414
Managing
Urban Services &
Urban Infrastructures

3. Population Scenario-World
• World population recorded:
• 1 Billion in 1804
• 2 Billion in 1927 (123 yrs. Later)
• 3 Billion in 1960 (33 yrs. Later)
• 4 Billion in 1974 (14 yrs. Later)
• 5 Billion in 1987 (13 yrs. Later)
• 6 Billion in 1999 (12 yrs. Later)
• 7 Billion in 2010 (11 yrs. Later)
• UNO population projection ranges from 8.9-10.9
billion for 2050.
• 60% population to live in cities by 2030-adding 1.4
billion
• 65 million people added annually to cities- 1.79
lakh/day
• China and Indian have population over 1 billion
• India to be most populated country by 2036.
• Tokyo largest Urban Agglomeration with 34
million residents (2011).
• 26 Urban Agglomerations with + 10 million
population in world out of which 3 are in India
(Mumbai, Kolkata & Delhi).

5. Hierarchy of Human Settlements

6. Cities and their Context
• Cities have been part of human history.
• - Cities- known to command power and authority
• .Cities- known for both -- positivity and negativities
• Cities -- known for their dualities and contradictions
• Cities -- known to be areas of concentration of population/
activities, infrastructures, services, healthcare, education
• Cities -- known to be Engines of economic growth-70%
• Cities - generators of employment , wealth and prosperity,
• Cities – also known for their negativities,
• – where rich and poor rub shoulders-
• Cities – large consumers of resources/energy
• Cities- generators of 70% waste
• Cities – consuming 60% global energy
• -generating 70% of carbon footprints-

7. Cities and their Context
• Cities- remain a manmade , mechanical habitat
• Cities- destroy nature and natural habitat
• -anti-thesis to bio-diversity
• Cities- known to be creator of best/ worst living
conditions- housing both rich and poor
• Cities- home to large migrants/ slums
• Cities- remain in crisis- natural and manmade
• Crisis-- of population, poverty, pollution
• Cities – ever evolving, devolving, never static , never finite
• Cities – will remain dominant in future
• Cities- drivers of nation’s future
• However Cities - need rationalization
• Cities --need to be made more-- bio-diverse; productive,
effective, efficient, humane, livable, inclusive, safe,
Resilient ,sustainable, Healthy place to live /work

8. Global Context of Cities

9. Population Scenario- India-2011
• Population of India reached
• 250 million in 1919
• 500 million in 1966 (47 yrs. Later)
• 1000 million in 2000 ( 34 yrs. Later)
• 1027 million in 2001 (1yr Later)
• 1210 million in 2011 (10 yrs. Later)
• 2050- Indian population- 1600 mil. -- 50% in Urban India.
• Metropolitan Centres -5 (1951)- -53 (2011)-68(2031)
• 10 m plus- nil (1951)- 3 (2011) -7 (2031)-9 (2051)
• Urban India --first time added more persons(91m) than Rural
India(90m)in last decade
• During last 100 years, India witnessed—
- -Urbanization level going up by 3 times
- --Urban settlements growing merely 4 times
- --Total Population multiplying 5 times
- -Urban population increasing 15 times and
- -Rural population increasing 3.5 times
massive shift of population -not simply a shift of demographics
• Shift places cities/towns at centre of India’s development
• Increased population requires --More cities, More housing,
More educational/ healthcare/ institutions
• More commercial space ,More transportation– More
infrastructure– more Resources

10. Indian Urbanization

11. Indian Urbanization

12. Indian Urbanization

13. Indian Urbanization
• Urban area are important because they are :
 Areas of future concentration of population,
 Providers of large employment.
 Areas of large investment.
 Housing major infrastructure & services.
 Hub around which entire economy gravitates.
 Promoters of higher order of productivity
• Major contributors to the national wealth/GDP
 1950-51 - 29% (level of urbanization - 17.29%)
 1970-71- 37% (level of urbanization - 19.91%)
 1990-91- 50% (level of urbanization - 25.72%)
 2001-02- 60% (level of urbanization - 27.78%)
 2011- 12- 65% (level of urbanization - 31.1%)
 10 Largest cities house 8%pop and produce 15%GDP
 53 Metro cities house 13 %pop and produce 33%GDP
 100 Largest cities house 16%pop and produce 43%GDP

14. URBAN INDIA- 2030- Mckinsey Global Inst-
• India Urban Awakening :Building Inclusive Cities-
Report- April, 2010 -- by 2030:
• 590 m to live in Urban India- twice the US population
• 70% GDP generated by cities
• 80% Revenue generated by cities
• 4 fold increase in per capita income
• 5 times the number by which GDP would multiply
• 270 million net increase in working age group
• 70% of new jobs(170 mil) generated in cities
• 91 M urban households will be middle class-- up from 22 M
• 68 Cities will be Metropolises-Europe has 35 only
• $ 1.2T capital needed to meet projected infrastructure demand
• 700-900 million Sqmts of residential/ commercial area needed
annually- a new Chicago to be created
• 2.5 b Sqmts roads paved-20times created in last decade
• 7400km (350-400 km/year) of metro needed -20times created in last
decade
• 200 million Rural Indians to benefit-living close to top 70 cities
• 75%urban India to live in bottom segment -earning Rs 80 per day

15. • India
Urbanization-
issues

16. Urbanization-issues
• Urban centers :
 Poorly planned, developed managed and governed.
 Unable to meet challenges of urban dynamism
 Haphazard /Unplanned pattern of development.
 Enormous growth of slums
• Poor quality of life
• largely unhealthy-House large polluting gases of NO, O3,
Co2,SO2 suspended particulate
• -98% cities in low& low/middle countries / 56% in high
income economies do not meet air quality –WHO norms
• 6 million people died -due to air pollution-2019-20
• Cities Remain unsafe
• Cities -- Remain water stressed
• Unable to meet basic needs of
• -Shelter
• --Services /Infrastructures
• --Sanitation

17. Urbanization-issues
• Cities--Have acute shortage of green spaces
• Remain prone to disasters- natural and manmade
• Create large heat island- leading to temperature rise
of 2-4 degree during day and up to 10 C at night
• Perpetually suffering from problems of traffic and
transportation
• Promoting exclusion
• Creating dichotomy between rich and poor
• Remain unsustainable- largely dependent on rural
hinterland for day to day needs
• Remain polluter of environment / destroyer of bio-
diversity
• Indian Urbanization rightly called :
 Urbanization of Population
 Urbanization of Poverty
 Urbanization of Pollution

18. Urban Sprawl-

19. Urban Slums- Mumbai

21. Global- Tree Count

22. Open Spaces

23. Infrastructure-Defined
• —Infra- means below & structure- built up areas- Remain Invisible
• -Valuable --form the basis/foundation- for urban growth and
development
• - Physical and Social Development -Essential for Human Living
• - Making Living Qualitative
• -- literally below ground,- water , sewer and natural gas supply
• Infrastructure used by; engineers, and urban planners
• -- to describe essential facilities, services, amenities provided and
• most commonly used by residents of cities and towns
• for facilitating living, working and doing day to day activities.
• determinant of quality of life
• Two Kinds- Hard/ Soft
• Hard Infrastructures-water, electricity, sewage, mobility, roads
electricity, transpiration , communication–for Physical growth
• Soft Infrastructures- Healthcare, education, entertainment, leisure, open
spaces, sports, stadium, auditorium- for mental growth/development

24. STATUS OF INFRASTRUCTURE
• Rapid growth of urban population has obvious implications in
terms of :
- Urban infrastructures
- Urban services
• Infrastructure bottlenecks pose serious impediments in:
- enhancing operational efficiency
-increasing productivity.
• Failure to expand water supplies,
-improve sanitation system
- expand housing supply and
- improve transportation
-to match growth of population,
emerged as major causes of:
• Poverty
• Operational inefficiency and
• Misery in urban areas.

25. •Cities finding increasingly difficult to provide /maintain
•infrastructures due to …..
--Enormous increase in growth of population,
--Bridging gap between demand and supply
--High cost involved in making provision of service
-Over dependence on resources starved public sector
- Lower order of priority/ allocation of funds
Irrational user charges and poor recovery of charges
Absence of state of art planning and designing of infrastructures
Poor quality of construction
Low priority to maintenance and upkeep of services
INFRASTRUCTURE --ISSUES

26. STATUS OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
•In India, existing infrastructure scenario critical.
•As per recent estimates:
-no city provides water 24 X 7 X 365 days
-only 50 % households have access to the safe water.
- only one third had toilet facilities.
-More than two third population left uncovered by sanitation
-rainwater disposal covers only 66 % of urban population.
• The city roads are
- inadequate for traffic requirements
- leading to high degree of congestion
- fast deterioration of roads
due to excessive load / traffic.
• operation and maintenance of infrastructures leaves much to be desired.
•Inadequate infrastructures are hampering the
- development and
- expansion of the major growth centres of the country.

28. •Challenges in
Urban
Infrastructures

29. INFRASTRUCTURE --ISSUES
Adequate infrastructure facilities considered:
-critical for improving productivity,
-improving operational efficiency
-promoting rational urban growth
-development of urban centres
- accelerating economic development of country.
•Governments / parastatal agencies traditional providers of
services because of :
- monopolistic nature of services,
- involving high up-front costs
-long pay back periods
-requiring huge resources
- involving large investment.

30. INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES….
Inadequate manpower and outdated technologies
involved in provision and maintenance.
Low allocation of financial resources
to infrastructure development at national/state/local
level
Poor urban governance and poor delivery of services
Highly subsidized urban services
Poor recovery and collection of service charges
High degree of leakage and poor accountability
Construction and maintenance divorced from each
other

31. INFRASTRUCTURES-- ISSUES..
• Unauthorized/unplanned and sub-standard development
• Non-involvement of private sector in provision of services
 Lack of political will to rationalize the service charges
•25.7% of the urban population still live below the poverty line
Compartmentalization of services.
 Lack of co-ordination on the part of various departments
involved in providing services.
Non- involvement of people / stakeholders in prioritizing,
planning and maintenance of services
Outdated technologies for construction of infrastructures
Irrational norms for planning and provision of services
Inadequate and appropriate space for city level infrastructures
Absence of Master Plans/ Development Plans

33. Infrastructure-issues

34. Report on Indian Urban
Infrastructure and Services
• The High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC)
for Estimating the Investment Requirements for
Urban Infrastructure Services – March 2011
• Water Supply :: Sewerage :: Solid Waste
Management :: Storm Water Drains :: Urban
Roads :: Urban Transport :: Street Lighting ::
Traffic Support Infrastructure
• Ministry of Urban Development, Government of
India

35. STATE OF INFRASTRUCTURES-INDIA
• Water Supply- 105 lpcd (Norm-150lpcd)- Gap(2007-30)-94billion lpd
• Sewerage treatment-30% (Norm- 100%)- Gap(2007-30)-109 billion lpd
• Solid Waste- 72% ( Norm 100%)- Gap(2007-30)- 82mt/annum
• Public Transport- 30% of total trips- (Norm 50%)-
• Gap(2007-30)- Private Transport-4,40,000 lane kms,
• Railway based mass transport need 6400 kms of track
• Slum Population-24%-( norm 0%)
• -Housing Shortage -38 mdu
• Park & open Spaces-2.7 Sqm-( norm 9 sqm)
• As per High Powered Committee Report on Urban Infrastructure and
Services(MOUD,GOI)- 2011
- Projected Investment for Urban Infrastructure for next 20 Years
(2012-13) to (2031-32)-Rs 39.2 Lakh Crores( excluding cost of land)
- O&M requirement for maintaining old & new assets- Rs 19.9 Lakh
Crores
- ULBs to contribute 54% capital investment & 25% O&M cost

37. •Creating Urban
Infrastructure –
promote Planned
development

40. PLANNING COMPACT CITIES
Make cities compact by;
. – promoting High-density development
--- Building inside not outside
--- Building vertical not horizontal
--- Building High not low
--- Building mix not pure
---Building dense not shallow
---Building accessibility not mobility
-- Planning for people not for vehicles
-- optimizing available infrastructure.
-- adopting Transit oriented development
-- Raising Height --Rationalizing land uses and --
----Building bye-laws

41. Curitiba's BRT corridors run along
high-density developed area

42. Amazing Future Green City of
World –Musdar –Abu Dhabi-UAE
 A city of 50,000population
 City of no cars , no waste
Planned to make use of cool sea winds
Using solar energy on rooftop
Narrow streets shading houses
Total recycling of waste/water
 working/ living area not farther than200
mts from transportation nodes).
Electric powered light rail on elevated
track to permit easy transport between
Musdar and Abu Dhabi.
•for Intra-city travel people use
personal rapid transit pods (PRT) run on
magnetic tracks using electric power.
•Aim is to create:
Zero Carbon
Zero Waste
Zero Car city

43. TIANJIN- Master Plan
..
1. Land-use Planning -planned to be compact, with a good mix of land uses and
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) principles.
2. Transport Planning -Green transport .--to increase trips via public
transport and non-motorised modes of transport --- via bicycles and walking,
within Eco-city.
3. Green and Blue Network Planning---City planned with extensive green
(vegetation) and blue (water) networks to provide quality living /working
environment. The green network comprises a green lung at core and eco-corridors
emanating from the lung to the other parts of city.
4. Water bodies linked for water circulation to enhance ecology ,provide attractive
environment , recreational activities.
5. A wastewater pond rehabilitated /transformed into a clean/beautiful lake.
6. Master Plan can be summed as- 1 axis-3 centres-4 districts

45. Smart City Mission in India
• Smart Cities Mission is a;
• urban renewal, green field and retrofitting program
• Launched by Government of India to develop 100 cities
• making them
• citizen friendly,
• people centric
• promoting sustainable and inclusive development
• providing basic amenities/ assured quality of life
• Through application of ‘Smart’ Solutions.
• To create a replicable model for other aspiring cities.
• Green Field / Brown field development/ Pan city approach
• making cities more productive and operationally efficient
• Smart Cities Mission launched in June 2015.[

46. Smart City Mission in India
• Core infrastructure elements in a smart city include:
• i. adequate water supply,
• ii. assured electricity supply,
• iii. sanitation, including solid waste management,
• iv. efficient urban mobility and public transport,
• v. affordable housing, especially for poor,
• vi. robust IT connectivity and digitalization,
• vii. good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen
participation,
• viii. sustainable environment,
• ix. safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children
and the elderly, and
• x. health and education.

47. •Creating Urban
Infrastructure –
Designing Green
Buildings

48. IMPLICATIONS OF BUILDINGS
•Built environment has significant impact on environment and
consumption of resources, infrastructure,services accounting for:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal solid waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of residents having sick building syndrome.
• 40-45 % of global warming - outcome of built environment.
•Majority of existing buildings -have low concern with energy
conservation.
•--With large volume of existing built space / space to be
added
•-- energy/ environment implications can be critical.
•--Buildings need to be designed with utmost care
•-- for consideration for energy/ sustainability/ infrastructure/
services

49. Defining- Green Buildings

50. Benefits of Green Buildings

51. •i. Green Building helps in :
• ii. Up to 50% saving in energy
•iii. Up to 40% saving in water consumption
•iv. 35% Reduction in carbon emission
•v 8000-12000 Tons of Co2 per million Sq. ft. of building
• vi About 3 MW saving in connected electric load / million
Sqft
• vii Reduction of 70% waste to facilitate easy handling
•viii Reduced load on municipal water handling plants
•Reduction of electric demand– less production capacity-
saving 21000- 27000 MW for new construction to be added
•Reduction in solid waste- less waste to be carried/dumped
•Reduction in water requirement--- less water sourced/
supplied/ smaller network – lower development cost
Reduction in waste water
BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDINGS

52. •Creating Urban
Infrastructure -
Water

55. Optimization of
water demand
Use of water
efficient systems
Use of recycled
water and
rainwater
harvesting
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
Least
cost
impact
Cost effective strategy for water efficiency

58. •Creating Urban
Infrastructure -
Energy

59. Cost effective strategy for energy efficiency
Reduce energy
demand by
passive measures
Reduce energy
demand by active
measures
Integration of
renewable energy
Least
cost
impact
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
• Climate responsive
architectural design
• Efficient building envelope
• Daylight harvesting
• Integration of natural sources
for cooling & heating in
building design.
Offset energy demand from the
grid by installing on-site
renewable energy
• Energy efficient equipment
• Lights
• Fans
• Air- conditioners
• Efficient building Operation &
Maintenance through BMS (Building
Management System) & Smart
Metering

62. Green Material - Fly Ash Bricks

63. Creating Urban
Infrastructure-
SUSTAINABLE
MOBILITY

64. • MAJOR ISSUES:
•Heterogeneous Traffic
•increasing individual vehicle ownership;
•low road capacity;
•poor road geometry;
•large obsolete vehicular population;
• inefficient and inadequate public transportation;
• high degree of environmental pollution;
• low priority for traffic planning; ;
•Low priority to bicycles and pedestrians
• poor traffic management;
• mismatch between vehicle density and road
capacity;
•multiplicity of agencies involved
• absence of unified traffic regulatory authority;
• acute problems of parking;
•high rates of accidents etc.
TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO IN INDIA

65. -Redefining approach to Land-use Planning.
-Redefining shape and size of cities
-Making cities compact
-Promoting sustainable communities
-Reordering prioritization of modes of travel
•-Making public transport more equitable,
reliable, affordable, safe, comfortable,
sustainable, energy/operationally efficient, cost-
effective, eco/ users friendly
•Equitable allocation of road space.
•Road Pricing
• Promoting intelligent/smart transportation
•Creating public awareness
•Involving communities/ stakeholders
•Deregistration of Old Vehicles
•Establishing effective regulatory/enforcement
mechanisms
SMART TRANSPORTATION

66. Defining Sustainable Transport
• Sustainable Transport --
• -- sometimes known as Green Transport
• -- form of transport that does not use / rely
on dwindling natural resources.
• -- relies on renewable /regenerated energy
• -- rather than fossil fuels that have a finite life
expectancy

67. Bikeway in Lima

68. PROMOTING PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Public transport key to rationalizing urban
transportation and making cities Smart --
DELHI, CHICAGO , COPENHAGEN ( within 400
metres)
• Redefining approach to public transportation
• Promoting Public Transport would require:
• Promoting development along transport
network
• improved passenger information system
• intelligent monitoring and control;
• affordable ticket pricing;
• e-ticketing;
• single ticket for all modes of travel
• introducing comfortable buses ,
• involving Communities,
• creating dedicated bus lanes

69. TRAFFIC-DELHI,AHMEDABAD,
ISTANBUL, SINGAPORE
• City of Singapore promoted:
• high degree of road efficiency,/ reduced road congestion,-- through
• carpooling, Road pricing and public transport
• Generating resources for city infrastructure by Road Pricing
• Delhi, through its green metro, achieved milestone of :
• Transporting 2.8 million people persons
• --on a single day
• --with target of 6 million, when all the four phases operational
• reduced road congestion , air pollution and carbon contents,
• increasing road efficiency ,Making city much cleaner and greener
• Ahmadabad’s state of art BRTS—
• reinvented and revolutionized the city road traffic
• Istanbul used 42 Kms dedicated road lanes
• --- for new Bus Rapid Transport System, to promote:
• public transport,
• tackled problem of traffic congestion and air pollution
• most efficient service to 6,20,000 passengers on daily basis.

71. Creating Urban
Infrastructure-
LANDSCAPING

73. Benefits of green space in cities
• WHO--physical inactivity -- a major public
health risk.
• --people using public open spaces
• --three times more physical active
---better health,
---reduced stress levels,
- Network of parks / open spaces helps in
• -- increased physical activity
• -- improved mental health
• --reduced healthcare / other costs.
--- Improved environmental benefits.
• -- Providing healthy habitats-- for
humans-- wildlife / plants in densely built
places-- preserves regional ecosystems

74. Strategies for Open Spaces
• Open spaces ;
-- provided as integral part of city planning process
• Hierarchy of open spaces must be defined
• Open area norms for all levels must be defined
• Open areas must be distributed all over city.
• Concentration of open spaces avoided
• All low lying areas/areas of natural/manmade beauty --
earmarked as open spaces/parks/recreation
• Encroachment-- removed and area developed
• People-- involved in planning, designing, development
and maintenance of open spaces
• Corporate sector-- actively involved in developing /
maintenance
• City-- must prepare an inventory of open spaces / ensure
not encroached.
• Promoting Green Spaces--Organising competitions-- for
best gardens at residential/ institutional level etc
• Organising dedicated festivals- like Rose Festival etc

75. Strategies for Open Spaces
• Amending Bye-laws--All private colonies developed-- to
provide minimum 10% area under open spaces -- developed
and maintained by them
• All Group Housing-to provide minimum 25% area under open
space
• City-- provide open spaces /person @ 9-12 sqm/per capita
• Open spaces-- abutting /backing on houses avoided being
misuse/encroachment
• Open spaces-- planned to face majority of houses for
optimization / preventing them from encroachment
• Promoting planned development -- best option to create open
spaces
• All industries /polluting -- mandated to create green belts
• All existing trees/ natural areas -- to be preserved
• Tree Preservation law-- to be enacted
• Master Plans/ Development Plans-- to provide detailed plans
for open spaces
• Industrial /Residential area --segregated with green belt
• All derelict land-- planned/developed as green
belt/afforestation

76. Strategies for Open Spaces
• All water bodies -- planned / developed as
green/recreational areas
• City forests -- promoted to develop green cover
• Native plants -- used for plantation
• Xeri-scape-- used for landscaping to minimize water
requirement.
• Land under H T lines --- reserved as open spaces,
• planned/developed as open spaces with shorter variety
of trees.
• Parking areas -- planned / planted with trees-- to
minimize heat island effect
• Involving institutions / campuses-- having large area for
tree plantation/landscaping
• Making environment/ ecology-- integral part of
education/study curricula
• Creating awareness --about role /importance of green
spaces at individual/community level

77. Chandigarh Master Plan- Le Corbusier

78. Creating Urban
Infrastructure -
Using
TECHNOLOGIES

79. USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
•IT/ITES
•--revolutionized human living, working/ thinking.
----potential for impacting planning, growth,
development / management of cities.
---City patterns to undergo qualitative change.
• use in urban planning/ designing buildings minimal.
• Extensive use of IT required for ---
•Promoting accessibility and reducing mobility
•-managing /governing cities
•- creating interface with communities-
•-- Efficient service delivery
•reducing energy consumptions at building /
settlement level.
• IT/ITES software to assess Energy implications' of:
– Master plans/layout plans.
–Transport Plans
– Building design.
– Building material.
– Structural systems.
– Structural designs.
– Construction technologies.

80. •Cities, besides smart will also to be
Intelligent/user-friendly -- supportive of
productivity and quality of life.
Globally, ICT leveraged by cities of Boston ,
Berlin, California, London,/ South Korea
-- to make city smarter-by
--making planning/Development / management
Smarter:
--- promoting smart mobility
-- reducing air pollution ;
•--using One Map, enabling government/
business/organisations / residents to access geo-
spatial data;
-- Registering concern about streets requiring
cleaning /repair
• regarding pending changes to land use plan; --
suggesting best bus route for journey in city ;
• engaging citizens as partners in city planning
and development--

81. Smart Technologies
• Using smart technologies for ;
• -- smart parking- to help find a parking space / allow for digital payment.
• -- smart traffic management-- to monitor traffic flows / optimise traffic
lights to reduce congestion/ride-sharing services / digital bus stops- bus
schedule -Managing Traffic/parking --Minimizing travel
• Promoting Energy conservation / environmental efficiencies- dimming
streetlights when roads are empty–
• -- improving operations /maintenance / planning of power supplies.
• -- Combat climate change / air pollution
• --waste management / sanitation -- rubbish collection, bins /fleet
management
• -- Promoting safety measures-- monitoring areas of high crime-- using
sensors for early warning for floods, landslides, hurricanes or droughts.
• -- Smart buildings --structural health monitoring -- feedback to
determine when repairs are necessary.
• -- Citizens notifying officials of any problems,-- road potholes—
monitoring infrastructure problem leaks -- water pipes.
• -- improving efficiency of manufacturing, urban farming, energy use,
• -- connect all services to provide combined solutions for citizens.

82. Creating
Urban
Infrastructure
--QUALITY
LEADERSHIP

83. Jaimy Learner- Mayor Curitiba

84. Curitiba- Brazil -Worlds’ first Sustainable city

85. •Way Forward --
Creating Urban
Infrastructure

86. Planning Cities – Infrastructure, Services
• Promote Planned Development
• Preparing Regional Plan for the entire state
• Preparing Master Plans for all cities
• Planning for Compact Cities
• Eliminating melting of cities
• Making infrastructure integral part of planning
process
• Rationalizing infrastructure norms/Standards
• Optimizing use of land based on 24X7x365
• Making land market more effective/efficient

87. Planning Cities – Infrastructure, Services
• Making landowners partners in development
process
• For making available land by using-
TDR/AR/Tradeable FAR/land Bartering
• Promoting land Pooling/land Distribution
scheme- Town Planning
• Using land as a resource
– for providing space for infrastructure/services
--generating funds for creating infrastructure-
-- External Development/Internal Development Charges
- Property Tax -- Change of Land use Using Advertisement
rights- Betterment levies -- Vacant Land Tax- Space Rights

88. Planning Cities – Infrastructure, Services
-Leveraging Technologies for;
- managing traffic and transportation
- -- delivery of services
- - managing water supply
- - managing garbage disposal/solid waste management
- -Rationalizing energy consumption- smart meters- public
lighting
- -Minimizing leakages of services
- Involving Communities
- Having Committed /Visionary leadership
- Promoting Research and Development
- - Having a unified Development Authority

89. Planning Cities – Infrastructure, Services
• Changing order of travel
- Plan for people not vehicles
- -Plan for increasing accessibility and not mobility
- Promote pedestrianization and cycling
• Saving precious water
- Promote multiple use of water
- -Break the water with air
- - Slow the Flow- use water efficient fixtures
- -use local plants and minimize use of grass in landscaping
• Plan Green Buildings-Use Passive Design
• -Reduce water /energy, reduce Consumption, reduce
generation of waste,

90. LAND BASED FINANCIAL FRESOURCES
• Property Tax
• Betterment Charges
• Town Planning Schemes
• Pricing (Tradable) Floor Area Ratio
• Development Charges-
• Land Use Conversion Charges
• Vacant Land Tax
• Optimum Utilization of Vacant Govt. Lands
• Transfer of Development Rights(TDR)-
• Accommodation Reservation(AR)-
• Parking Charges
• Advertisement Rights –
• Air Space Development Rights
• Infrastructure TDR-
• User Charges
• Licensing Private Colonies-
• -

91. WAY FORWARD….
Habitat-II-1996 - sustainability of urban areas cannot
be achieved without:
-Providing adequate infrastructures,
- Adequate services and
-Ensuring availability of services at affordable
price
 Providing affordable infrastructures in urban
areas will be:
-- the most formidable task,
---for Professionals, Administrators and Agencies
involved in
-planning, development / Management of urban
areas.
Our capacity and capability to meet these
challenges,
- would hold the key and
-determine the future of Urban India
- which houses millions of poor and illiterates.
-PLANNED DEVELOPMENT ,WORKING WITH ALL
STAKEHOLDERS IN CO-OPERATIVE /CO-ORDINATED
/COLLABORATIVE MANNER- OFFER BEST OPTION

93. •
• Three Mantra for Smart cities
• 1. Achieve smart growth
• -- finding best options to do things sustainably
• -- promote economic growth for people –
• -- making them earn good livelihood
• -- enjoy a good quality of life.
• 2. Do more with less–
• -- cities need money-- to accomplish all wants .
• Cities to collect, manage/spend resources effectively/ efficiently
• 3. Win support for change-
• - City leaders need to;-- deliver fast, positive, /visible results,
• - build support for changes.
• -- Based on high-performing civil servants
• -- made accountable for their work—Singapore model

94. AND SEARCH FOR CREATING Cities with all
Infrastructure/services WILL CONTINUE TO POSE
GREATEST CHALLENGE TO professionals and
Administrators.