Más contenido relacionado La actualidad más candente (20) Similar a Making India Zero Water Waste (20) Más de JIT KUMAR GUPTA (20) Making India Zero Water Waste1. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Making India Zero
Water Waste
Jit Kumar Gupta
Chairman, Chandigarh Chapter, Indian Green Building Council
2. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water- Relevance for Human Living
Water ;-- Remains Elixir of life,
-- most valuable gifts of nature
-- sustainer, protector/ promoter of life
-- most important component of human living.
-- Without water, cities / communities will cease to exist.
-- Valued for making people happy, healthy and more productive.
-- major determinant of quality of life.
–at core of sustainable/ socio-economic development/ healthy
ecosystems, reducing disease /improving health/productivity of
populations.
crucial link between climate system, human society / environment
- poor quality of water -Cause for majority of pandemics, health
- Despite covering 75% area of planet -- availability of adequate
potable water for human consumption remains major issue
-- fast emerging global threat / challenge
Water use increasing globally @ about 1% per year since 1980s
Over 2 billion people experiencing high water stress, / 4 billion
4. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Saltwater
97.5%
Freshwater
2.5%
Total Surface Freshwater : 0.4%
Where is the freshwater?
World’s Freshwater
World’s Water
Groundwater
30.1%
Surfacewater
0.4%
Glaciers
69.5%
Salt Water
97.5%
Fresh Water
2.5%
6. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water – Indian Context
Water – Finite Resource/ Irreplaceable
Only enewable when well managed
With just 4% of freshwater
India supports-- one-sixth global population-17.7%
Water vital --for living, working, agriculture, urbanization,
industrialization, trade and commerce, healthcare & education.
--Largest animal population globally- Livestock population 535.78
million
25% Indians known to remain without access to safe drinking water
21% diseases --attributed to poor quality of water used
Over 3 lakh children-- under 5 years, die annually- due to diarrhea
Women- major victim of water stress
-- spend 150 million workdays every year for fetching/ carrying water
- causing loss of Rs. 10 billion in economic terms.
--The 2030 Water Resources Group estimates
- at current consumption rate,
-- India will have only half of water needed by 2030.
India uses 80% freshwater for agriculture- Tube wells
For drinking
- rural India uses 90% ground water
-- urban India– 50%
7. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water--Indian Context
17.7% Worlds Population;
4% water Resources
535.78 million livestock
Water Scenario
12 Major Rivers
4,000 BCM of water ; 1,123 BCM utilizable
690 BCM surface water
433 BCM Ground water
Glaciers
34,919 Glaciers
75,779 sq. km glaciated area
Coastal ecosystems
Coastline: 7500 km
35% of population live within 100 kms of coasts
8. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water –Indian Context
India -largest user of ground water
-- drawing -1/4 of global groundwater.
-- China, draws half of ground water-- compared to India.
-- 60% districts declared water critical
-- 70% water remaining contaminated
-- India ranks 120 out of 122 countries in global water quality index.
-- More than half of India’s cultivated land remains under water-
intensive crops--rice, paddy, sugarcane etc.
-- Indian agriculture-- highly water inefficient,
-- consuming twice water for producing same quantity of food/ cereals -
other countries.
-- 100 million Indians consume drinking water with excessive fluoride
NITI Ayog estimates –
- likely loss of 6% in national GDP-- from severe water scarcity , India
likely to face in future
- 10 Largest cities face acute water stress including Delhi/Bangaluru
9. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water-Issues
Large consumption-- Rapid/ massive increase of human
count / animals.
Rapid urbanization– industrialization/ globalization
Large Gap between demand/supply-
--Increased water demand-decrease in water supply.
Water demand increasing- 35 fold during three centuries
Large scale mismanagement of water resources
Global warming, climate change/repeated- floods, droughts
/natural disasters.
Lack of awareness -about rational, efficient, economical
usage of water
Large scale pollution of fresh water resources
Rapid growth of water based sanitary systems, water
intensive fixtures .
10. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water-Issues
Irrational agricultural/ water intensive cropping pattern
water management policy at local/regional level.
Absence of waste water management/ management of
rainwater resource.
Irrational/ unrealistic pricing of fresh water.
Inefficient management system of water supply,-- outdated
/ inefficient system of water delivery / large scale leakage,
theft, wastage / unaccounted water.
Focusing on water supply rather on water management.
Lack of accountability/ transparency in sourcing water,
supply/ management.
Irrational/outdated water supply systems, norms/standards
Outdated/inefficient technologies for water sourcing/
distribution at local level
, Inequalities in access to safe drinking water and
sanitation
11. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Demand-Supply
City Demand (MLPD) Supply(MLPD) Shortage(%)
Delhi 3028 2460 18.75
Mumbai 3900 3210 17.47
Chennai 2244 1760 21.58
Kolkata 2036 1593 21.74
Bengaluru 1146 900 21.45
Hyderabad 885 707 20.08
12. © Confederation of Indian Industry
How Water can be
made available to
all- Nobody is left
without water
14. © Confederation of Indian Industry
3 R’s – Approach
Recharge
Rainwater harvesting
Reduce
Low flow fixtures
Reuse
Use of treated Waste
water
Refuse- Use only when
necessary
15. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Managing Water-Physical Planning
Making cities spongy -- based on promoting porosity- open spaces
Adopting Regional Planning approach-- for sourcing, consumption/
conserving water for urban /rural India.
Planning cities/large complexes -- to be water efficient/zero waste
water
Making water conservation/ waste water management --integral part of
urban planning process
Linking/integrating all human settlements-- with adjoining peri-urban/
agricultural land, for meeting water demand for urban /rural
Rationalizing--open spaces--focus on minimizing use of fresh water.--
Linking all open spaces with rain water harvesting .
Using landscaping/ flora and fauna-- minimizing water consumption.
Using local/native trees-
Mandating all new buildings to be Green Buildings
Preserving/protecting/promoting/augmenting all existing water
resources/draining systems .
Identifying /promoting/protecting all existing areas of bio-diversity
Using all existing low-lying areas-- for creating manmade water
bodies/ lakes/ponds for- preserving/ collecting/sourcing rain water; for
promoting ground water recharging;
18. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Today Curitiba boasts > 50 sq metres of green space per person. Buenos Aires’s
two sq meters / person
19. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Efficiency
Adopt Strategies for - Slow the flow/sharing/ breaking
water /water conservation/RW Harvesting/Ground
water charging/ multiple use of water
Design for dual plumbing-- using recycled water for
toilet flushing / gray water system that recovers
rainwater or other non-potable water for site irrigation.
Minimize wastewater-- use ultra low-flush toilets, low-
flow shower heads/ water conserving fixtures.
Use Re-circulating systems for centralized hot water
distribution.
Installing point-of-use hot water heating systems-- for
more distant locations.
Metering water use – both for domestic/ landscape
separately
-- Promote micro-irrigation /sprinklers / high-pressure
sprayer-- to supply water in non-turf areas.
Involving communities --Through education /incentives
Promoting Green Buildings as a Brand
23. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Managing Water- Agriculture
Making agriculture zero ground/potable water
dependent.
Using irrigation/drip irrigation
Changing cropping pattern from water-intensive
commercial crops to water-efficient cropping pattern
Promoting efficient flood management to save water,
save land, save crops for effective utilization during
water deficit period.
Preserving, promoting /creating old and new source
of Water
Incentivizing water efficient cropping pattern .
Linking human habitation with agriculture– using
household waste water for meeting agriculture
needs
24. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Managing Water- Management
Decentralizing waste water collection/recycling at
community/neighborhood level
Mandating all industries to be zero-waste water, by
defining standards /norms for water consumption ,
Making all Group Housing Societies/healthcare--
consuming large water to be zero- water waste by
incentivizing
Eliminating single use -promoting multiple use of
water mandatory at all levels of water consumption.
Setting standards for water consumption for
Indoor/outdoor equipment-.
Making rainwater harvesting integral part of building
construction/ building operation processes..
Protecting fresh water resources /defining protected
belts around them
27. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Management
Critical issue of water consumption
-- demands on supplying
aquifer/sources exceeding its
ability to replenish itself
Key objectives of water
sustainability-
i. Protect water
Ii. Conserve water
Iii. Protect water quality
iv. Reduce consumption
30. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Managing Water- Technology
Using state of art technologies for treating / managing/ waste water
Shifting sanitary system from water-based to non- water based
Using Phyto-remedial instead of STP for treating the sullage water
Designing water fixtures/faucets based on-breaking water .
Reducing water consumption in construction of buildings by changing
methods of construction/using water efficient construction
technologies
Incentivizing building materials, with minimum water usage.
Shifting from construction to manufacturing-- through pre-fabrication
minimizing wastage/ theft/ leakage/ unauthorized use.
Creating intelligent system of water management at city/local level .
Treating waste water for reuse as fresh water.
Creating water Stupas in Cold regions- for use during warm/hot
period
Minimizing water loss due to evaporation in hot regions- by shading
areas, covering with plastic sheets or by installing solar panels on
sources of water.
Promoting Technology-GIS- for mapping available sources of water
32. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Phytoremediation
CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre Commissioner of Industries, Hyderabad
Investment Rs 50,000 per m3
No operating cost
Payback: 3 to 5 yrs
Application
Domestic sewage
Industrial wastewater
Municipal wastewater
33. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Optimization of
water demand
Use of water
efficient systems
Use of recycled
water and
rainwater
harvesting
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
Least
cost
impact
Cost effective strategy for water efficiency
34. © Confederation of Indian Industry
2. Water Efficient Fixtures
Intent
Enhance efficiency of plumbing fixtures, thereby
minimising potable water use
35. © Confederation of Indian Industry
1. Rain Water Harvesting
Intent
Enhance ground water table & reduce municipal
water demand through effective RWH systems.
Compliance Option
Design rainwater harvesting system to capture
at least ‘One-day Rainfall’ runoff volume from
roof & non-roof areas.
36. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Rain Water Harvesting- Strategies
Green Schools
Rain Water Harvesting
Collecting Rain Water
Collection Pond
Percolating Rain Water to
Ground
Percolation Pit
Storage Tank Collecting to Bore Well
37. © Confederation of Indian Industry
RWH Harvesting Structures
Connection with the Drain
ONGC, Tel Bhawan, Dehradun
Rain water storage chamber
Dell, Coimbatore
Rain water storage Pond
CII- Sohrabji Godrej Green
Business Centre, Hyderabad
38. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Efficient Fixtures- Strategies
Green Schools
Water Efficient Fixtures
Low flow fixtures Low Flush Fixtures
Sensor based Urinals
Waterless Urinals
Aerators
Sensor based Fixtures
Dual Flush
39. © Confederation of Indian Industry
3. Landscape Design
Intent
Design landscape to ensure minimum
water consumption
40. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Azadirakta Indica Pinus
Cactus Family
Palm Family
Native
Drought
Tolerant
Adaptive
Landscape Design
41. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Efficient Irrigation System -
Strategies
Green Schools
Irrigation System
Sprinkler System
Automatic Spray System
Drip Irrigation
Soaker Hoses
Mechanical Spray System Micro misting
42. © Confederation of Indian Industry
5. Waste Water Treatment & Reuse
Intent
Treat waste water generated on-site
To avoid polluting the receiving streams by safe
disposal
Use treated waste water
To reduce dependence on potable water
43. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Compliance Option
Install on-site treatment system to
handle 100% of waste water
generated in the building
Quality standards should comply with CPCB/State
Pollution Control Board norms
Waste Water Treatment & Reuse
44. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Waste Water Treatment- Strategies
Green Schools
Waste Water Treatment
Biological Treatment
Phytoremediation
Mechanical Treatment
Root Zone
45. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Waste Water Reuse
Use treated waste water for:
Landscaping
Flushing
Cooling tower make-up water
Landscaping
Flushing
Cooling tower make-up
46. © Confederation of Indian Industry
6. Water Metering
Intent
Encourage sub-metering to
improve water performance
of the building, and save
potable water
47. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Building-level Metering
Municipal water supply
Bore water consumption
Treated waste water consumption
Water consumption for
landscaping
Water consumption for flushing
Water consumption for air-
conditioning cooling tower
makeup
Any other major source of water
consumption
48. © Confederation of Indian Industry
“Centre of Excellence” for Energy, Environment, Green Buildings,
Renewable energy, Water & Climate change activities in India
CII – Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre Hyderabad
A Zero Water Discharge Campus
A unique Public – Private Partnership
( CII, Govt of Andhra Pradesh, USAID and Pirojsha Godrej Foundation )
49. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Efficiency
Zero water discharge
Recycling of 100 % grey
water reuse for landscaping
35% reduction on potable
water use
High efficient fittings
Installation of waterless
urinals
Rain water harvesting
Collection pond at site
8 Lakh litres capacity
50. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Phytoremediation
Wastewater treatment system
Biological mechanism
Treated water used for irrigation
51. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Management- Conclusion
Cities have undertaken strategies;
by looking at alternative water
-sourcing, /management/ conservation
-Balancing water supply and demand
identified ways to infrastructure changes
with public education / awareness campaigns
-- to alter the way residents treat water.
Effective water management involves;
-- Looking holistic at water supply
-- not only looking at use of fresh, potable water
-- but also rain, storm, and wastewater management.