waste management

1. Waste Management

2. Introduction
• Waste management is all those activities and action required to
manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.
• This includes amongst other things, collection, transport,
treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and
regulation.
• It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework the
relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling
etc.

3. • ‘Waste management’ shall mean “the collection,
transport, recovery and disposal of waste, including
the supervision of such operations and aftercare of
disposal sites”
• However the newer concepts of ‘Waste management’
talk about ‘Reduce, Reuse and Recycle of waste’ over
and above waste disposal.

4. Effects of Waste
• ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS:
• Surface water contamination
• Ground Water contamination
• Soil contamination
• Air contamination
• ECONOMIC EFFECTS:
• Municipal wellbeing
• Recycling revenue

5. 3 R’s of Waste Management
1. RECYCLE
• Saves limited natural resources.
• Prevents greenhouse gas emissions and water pollutants.
• Saves energy.
• Provides raw materials for industry and creates jobs
• Saves landfill space.

6. 3 R’s of Waste Management
2. REDUCTION
• Make double sided copies.
• Circulate memos, documents and periodicals.
• Use durable cups and silverware.
• Proof-read documents on the computer screen.
• Purchase merchandise with minimal packaging or order in bulk.
• Read periodicals online.
• Send e-cards.
• Reduce your junk mail by writing to the Direct Marketing
Association at Mail Preference Service, PO Box 9008,
Farmingdale, NY 11735-9008.

7. 3 R’s of Waste Management
3. REUSE
• Reuse envelopes.
• Reuse single-sided paper for scratch paper.
• Reuse foam peanuts and other packaging material.
• Use remanufactured or surplus office equipment.
• Use rechargeable batteries.
• Use rechargeable fax and printer cartridges.
• Compost grass clippings and food waste.
• Donate toys and other items to charity.

8. Sources of Waste
• Households
• Industry
• Agriculture
• Fisheries

9. Method of Disposal
1. LAND FILL
• It is the most traditional method of waste disposal.
• Waste is directly dumped into disused quarries, mining voids or
borrow pits.
• Disposed waste is compacted and covered with soil
• Gases generated by the decomposing waste materials are often
burnt to generate power.
• It is generally used for domestic waste.

10. • ADVANTAGES
• site is a cheap waste disposal option for the local council.
• Jobs will be created for local people.
• Lots of different types of waste can be disposed of by landfill
in comparison to other waste disposal methods.
• The gases given off by the landfill site could be collected and
used for generating power.
• DISADVANTAGES
• The site will look ugly while it is being used for landfill.
• Dangerous gases are given off from landfill sites that cause
local air pollution and contribute to global warming.
• Local streams could become polluted with toxins seeping
through the ground from the landfill site.
• Once the site has been filled it might not be able to be used
for redevelopment as it might be too polluted.

11. Method of Disposal
• 2. INCENERATION
• Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the
combustion of solid waste at 1000C.
• waste materials are converted into ash. , flue gas, and heat.
• The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the
waste and gases due to organic waste.
• the heat generated by incineration is used to generate electric
power.

12. • ADVANTAGES
• Minimum of land is needed compared to other disposal
methods.
• The weight of the waste is reduced to 25% of the initial value.
• No risk of polluting local streams and ground waters as in
landfills.
• Incineration plants can be located close to residential areas.
• Gases are used to generate power
• DISADVANTAGES
• Expensive
• Required skilled labor.
• The chemicals that would be released into the air could be
strong pollutants and may destroy ozone layer (major
disadvantage).
• high energy requirement.

13. Method of Disposal
• 3. COMPACTION
• The waste is compacted or compressed. It also breaks up
large or fragile items of waste.
• This process is conspicuous in the feed at the back end of
many garbage collection vehicles. Deposit refuse at
bottom of slope for best compaction and control of
blowing litter.

14. Method of Disposal
4. PYROLYSIS
• Pyrolysis is defined as thermal degradation of
waste in the absence of air to produce char,
pyrolysis oil and syngas, e.g. the conversion of wood
to charcoal also it is defined as destructive
distillation of waste in the absence of oxygen.
External source of heat is employed in this process.