Enviar búsqueda
Cargar
GeographyReview29_3Coralreefs.pptx
•
Descargar como PPTX, PDF
•
0 recomendaciones
•
3 vistas
J
JackMorgan73
Seguir
ppt on coral reefs and ther distribution and their pollution etc
Leer menos
Leer más
Educación
Denunciar
Compartir
Denunciar
Compartir
1 de 9
Descargar ahora
Recomendados
Gem ppt-40-endangered coral reaf
Gem ppt-40-endangered coral reaf
ijcparish
Coral Reefs (Neha & Renuka)
Coral Reefs (Neha & Renuka)
subzero64
Coral reefs.ppt
Coral reefs.ppt
BISMA GULZAR
Coral reef Threats, conservation and Restoration.pptx
Coral reef Threats, conservation and Restoration.pptx
VIRENDRA KUMAR
Coral reefs and_their_marine_families
Coral reefs and_their_marine_families
Mary Jane Franada
Great barrier reef presentation
Great barrier reef presentation
Angel
Great barrier reef presentation
Great barrier reef presentation
Angel
Protection of habitat of corals
Protection of habitat of corals
College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Recomendados
Gem ppt-40-endangered coral reaf
Gem ppt-40-endangered coral reaf
ijcparish
Coral Reefs (Neha & Renuka)
Coral Reefs (Neha & Renuka)
subzero64
Coral reefs.ppt
Coral reefs.ppt
BISMA GULZAR
Coral reef Threats, conservation and Restoration.pptx
Coral reef Threats, conservation and Restoration.pptx
VIRENDRA KUMAR
Coral reefs and_their_marine_families
Coral reefs and_their_marine_families
Mary Jane Franada
Great barrier reef presentation
Great barrier reef presentation
Angel
Great barrier reef presentation
Great barrier reef presentation
Angel
Protection of habitat of corals
Protection of habitat of corals
College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Protection of habitat of corals
Protection of habitat of corals
College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Protection of habitat of corals
Protection of habitat of corals
College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Origin and reefs of the world
Origin and reefs of the world
College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Origin and reefs of the world
Origin and reefs of the world
College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Chapter 11 presen part 1
Chapter 11 presen part 1
Yavapai College
Coral Reefs
Coral Reefs
savannahclark
Coral reefs
Coral reefs
kevinrchapman
Coral Reefs
Coral Reefs
savannahclark
Coastal conflicts great barrier reef
Coastal conflicts great barrier reef
MrOH
Sea Life Compass PPT
Sea Life Compass PPT
Robin Wyn
Overview of ecology.
Overview of ecology.
University of Chittagong
Coral
Coral
David Rogers
Coral Reefs: Biodiversity and Beauty at Risk
Coral Reefs: Biodiversity and Beauty at Risk
Mark McGinley
The great reef
The great reef
Sergey70
The great reef
The great reef
Сергей Лосинский
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral triangle
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral triangle
bayuvita
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral triangle
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral triangle
bayuvita
Function of coral reef..
Function of coral reef..
Azad Uddin (Sojib Ahmed)
Great barrier-reef-modi
Great barrier-reef-modi
Karina Moreno Verpeide
Advance Mobile Application Development class 07
Advance Mobile Application Development class 07
Dr. Mazin Mohamed alkathiri
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
kauryashika82
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
sanyamsingh5019
Más contenido relacionado
Similar a GeographyReview29_3Coralreefs.pptx
Protection of habitat of corals
Protection of habitat of corals
College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Protection of habitat of corals
Protection of habitat of corals
College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Origin and reefs of the world
Origin and reefs of the world
College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Origin and reefs of the world
Origin and reefs of the world
College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
Chapter 11 presen part 1
Chapter 11 presen part 1
Yavapai College
Coral Reefs
Coral Reefs
savannahclark
Coral reefs
Coral reefs
kevinrchapman
Coral Reefs
Coral Reefs
savannahclark
Coastal conflicts great barrier reef
Coastal conflicts great barrier reef
MrOH
Sea Life Compass PPT
Sea Life Compass PPT
Robin Wyn
Overview of ecology.
Overview of ecology.
University of Chittagong
Coral
Coral
David Rogers
Coral Reefs: Biodiversity and Beauty at Risk
Coral Reefs: Biodiversity and Beauty at Risk
Mark McGinley
The great reef
The great reef
Sergey70
The great reef
The great reef
Сергей Лосинский
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral triangle
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral triangle
bayuvita
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral triangle
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral triangle
bayuvita
Function of coral reef..
Function of coral reef..
Azad Uddin (Sojib Ahmed)
Great barrier-reef-modi
Great barrier-reef-modi
Karina Moreno Verpeide
Similar a GeographyReview29_3Coralreefs.pptx
(19)
Protection of habitat of corals
Protection of habitat of corals
Protection of habitat of corals
Protection of habitat of corals
Origin and reefs of the world
Origin and reefs of the world
Origin and reefs of the world
Origin and reefs of the world
Chapter 11 presen part 1
Chapter 11 presen part 1
Coral Reefs
Coral Reefs
Coral reefs
Coral reefs
Coral Reefs
Coral Reefs
Coastal conflicts great barrier reef
Coastal conflicts great barrier reef
Sea Life Compass PPT
Sea Life Compass PPT
Overview of ecology.
Overview of ecology.
Coral
Coral
Coral Reefs: Biodiversity and Beauty at Risk
Coral Reefs: Biodiversity and Beauty at Risk
The great reef
The great reef
The great reef
The great reef
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral triangle
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral triangle
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral triangle
Coral reef and fisheries habitat restoration in the coral triangle
Function of coral reef..
Function of coral reef..
Great barrier-reef-modi
Great barrier-reef-modi
Último
Advance Mobile Application Development class 07
Advance Mobile Application Development class 07
Dr. Mazin Mohamed alkathiri
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
kauryashika82
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
sanyamsingh5019
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
Steve Thomason
Sports & Fitness Value Added Course FY..
Sports & Fitness Value Added Course FY..
Disha Kariya
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Thiyagu K
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
nomboosow
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Jayanti Pande
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
christianmathematics
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
VishalSingh1417
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
TechSoup
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Admir Softic
Disha NEET Physics Guide for classes 11 and 12.pdf
Disha NEET Physics Guide for classes 11 and 12.pdf
chloefrazer622
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
fonyou31
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
EduSkills OECD
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
PECB
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Celine George
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
QucHHunhnh
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
QucHHunhnh
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
JemimahLaneBuaron
Último
(20)
Advance Mobile Application Development class 07
Advance Mobile Application Development class 07
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
Sports & Fitness Value Added Course FY..
Sports & Fitness Value Added Course FY..
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Disha NEET Physics Guide for classes 11 and 12.pdf
Disha NEET Physics Guide for classes 11 and 12.pdf
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
GeographyReview29_3Coralreefs.pptx
1.
Coral reefs ‘Rainforests of
the sea’ at risk Philip Allan Publishers © 2016
2.
What is coral? •
Corals are ancient marine organisms that evolved around 540 million years ago. • Despite being sensitive to light levels and temperature, corals have survived numerous mass extinction events in geological history. • Colourful, branching, tropical corals may look like plants are but are actually animals (marine invertebrates). • The coral animals, called polyps, are colonial and the familiar coral structures house them. • Coral polyps are filter feeders, using tentacles to trap plankton and even small fish. • Not all corals are tropical. Some species exist in cold waters but these tend to have only soft polyp bodies, not a hard skeleton. Philip Allan Publishers © 2016 This staghorn coral has a hard calcium carbonate skeleton, secreted by the colony of polyp animals that live within it
3.
What are coral
reefs? • Coral reefs consist of ‘stony’ corals with hard calcium carbonate skeletons. • Thousands of corals create a mound-like structure parallel to the shoreline. • The mound grows upward, on the ‘rubble’ of dead coral skeleton • Often there is a shallow, calm-water lagoon between the reef and beach. • Reefs are found in tropical seas which are: • Less than 50m deep (polyps contain zooxanthellae algae that photosynthesise and produce some of the polyps’ food, so high light levels are needed) • Clear water, i.e. distant from river mouths which are a source of silt. • At temperatures of 23°–29°C Philip Allan Publishers © 2016 Waves breaking on a reef in the Maldives, with a lagoon between reef and beach
4.
Coral-reef ecosystem services •
Coral reefs are said to be home to 25% of all marine species, but within an area of less than 1% of the world’s oceans. • This exceptional biodiversity is mirrored by very high productivity. • The Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of coral reefs is 2500 g / m2 / year – higher even than tropical rainforests. • Reefs provide a wide range of crucial ecosystem services as shown in the table. Philip Allan Publishers © 2016 Regulating services Provisioning services •Carbon sequestration •Ocean water filtration •Fis /shellfish protein for humans •Fishing industry and jobs. •Building materials . •Medical and genetic research and products. Cultural services Supporting services •Tourism •Recreation and leisure •Aesthetic beauty •Coastal erosion prevention •A ‘nursery’ for small fish. maintaining fish populations. Worldwide, reefs provide about $30 billion in economic value each year. Hawaii’s reefs are worth $400 million to its economy annually.
5.
Local and global
threats • Coral reefs are subject to a wide range of threats. • These fall into two broad categories: 1.Local threats which result from over-exploitation of resources, affecting some reefs more than others. 2.Global threats as a result of climate change, affecting all reefs. Local Global •Overfishing. •Destructive fishing (trawling, dynamite and cyanide fishing) •Tourism/diving damage. •Siltation from onshore sediment flows, often linked to deforestation and farming erosion. •Eutrophication from urban, industrial and farm pollution. •Coral mining for building materials. •Alien species invasion, linked to changing ocean temperatures. •Coral bleaching due to rising global sea temperatures and stronger El Niño events. •Ocean acidification, due to increased ocean carbon dioxide levels, weakening coral skeleton. •Rising sea levels ‘drowning ‘ coral in deeper water. Philip Allan Publishers © 2016
6.
Coral reef health •
Reefs form part of the wider marine ecosystem. • The WWF Living Planet Index (LPI) is a long-term measure of ecosystem health. • The Marine LPI (graph) has declined by 39% since 1970. • This suggests coral reefs, and other marine ecosystems such as sea-grass beds and mangrove forests, are slowly being degraded by the wide range of threats facing them. • A 2011 Report by the World Resources Institute found that 75% of the world’s coral reefs were under threat. Philip Allan Publishers © 2016 http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/all_publications/living_p lanet_report/living_planet_index2/ © WWF International
7.
Changing distribution • The
Reefs at Risk project has mapped reefs by level of threat worldwide. • This map of part of the Philippines shows that reefs fringing the large islands are mostly in the ‘high’ or ‘very high’ threat category. • Only more isolated, small island reefs are less threatened. • This pattern can be found worldwide, and it suggests coral reefs will disappear from most populated coastlines by 2030. • Rising populations and pressure of marine resources mean many coral reefs are on the verge of disappearing for ever. Philip Allan Publishers © 2016 http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/pdf/reefs_ at_risk_revisited_coral_triangle_hi-res.pdf © 2012 World Resources Institute
8.
Management approaches • It’s
not all bad news for coral reefs. • Over 6,500 Marine Protected Areas help conserve around 2% of the world’s oceans, including many reefs. • There are examples of sustainable management. Reef-dependent communities are educated to conserve the reefs through ecotourism, sustainable fishing and management. • Coral-reef restoration is possible, although costly and challenging to implement. • The ever present ‘context threat’ of global warming makes conservation of reefs a difficult goal. Philip Allan Publishers © 2016 Large parts of Australia’s oceans are Marine Protected Areas and the Great Barrier Reef is a Marine Park. http://www.marinereservescoalition.org/resources/marine-reserves- around-the-world/australias-marine-protected-area-network/ © Commonwealth of Australia 2012
9.
Philip Allan Publishers
© 2016 This resource is part of GEOGRAPHY REVIEW, a magazine written for A-level students by subject experts. To subscribe to the full magazine go to: http://www.hoddereducation.co.uk/geographyreview
Descargar ahora