ART APPRECIATION
(GE-6)
Ms. Jade June L. Calibo

THE STUDY OF
HUMANITIES
 Learning Outcomes: at the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:
 Give the meaning of Humanities, art, art appreciation,
and art history
 Differentiate Art History from Art Appreciation
 Discuss the Importance of Art in Contemporary
Society
Chapter
1

HUMANITIES
The term “humanities” originated from the
Renaissance Latin expression studia humanitatis or
study of humanitas which refers to “culture, refinement,
education”.

In the early 15th Century, the
“studia humanitatis” became
a secular study in the
universities at the time.
It primarily consisted of
grammar, rhetoric, poetry,
history, and moral philosophy,
Latin and Greek classics.
Humanities today include
literature, language,
philosophy, geography,
history, religion, music and
art.
These uses methods that are
primarily critical, speculative,
and historical in elements.
RENAISSANCE PERIOD
Renaissance Period At Present

MEANING AND
IMPORTANCE OF ART
Art is a subject under Humanities.
Definitions of ART by various authors:
Art is derived from the Latin word “ARS,” meaning ability or skill. –J.V.
Estolas
Art is taken from the the Italian word “ARTIS,” which means
craftmanship, skill, mastery of form, inventiveness, and the
associations that exists between form and ideas, material and
technique. – A. Tan
Art is that which brings life in harmony with the world. – Plato
Art is a life that helps us to realize the truth. – Pablo Picasso
Art is never finished, only abandoned. – Leonardo da Vinci
Art is the realization in external form of true idea and is a traced back to
that natural love of imitation which characterizes human. – Aristotle
Art is not a handicraft, it is the transmission of feeling, the artists has
experienced. – Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy

FOUR COMMON
ESSENTIALS OF ART
1. Art is man-made, not God-made.
2. Art is creative, not imitative.
3. Art benefits and satisfies man – when he uses art in practical
life through artistic principles, taste and skill.
4. Art is expressed through a certain medium or material by
which the artist communicates himself to his fellows.

ART APPRECIATION
Art Appreciation is the ability to interpret and understand man-made arts
and enjoy them through actual work experience with art tools and materials.
Art Appreciation is the possession of the works of art for one’s admiration
and satisfaction.
Art Appreciation refers to the knowledge and understanding of the
general and everlasting qualities that classify all great arts.
Art Appreciation is the introduction and exploration of visual and
performing art forms.
Art Appreciation is the analysis of the form of an artwork to general
audience to enhance their enjoyment and satisfaction of the works of art.

APPRECIATION OF ARTS DEPENDS ON
PERSONAL PREFERENCE:
1.The Aesthetics and Form of Art;
2.Elements and Principles of Design;
3.Social and Cultural Acceptance.
Thus, appreciation of art can be subjective.

ART HISTORY
Art history refers to the historical development and stylistic context of the
objects of arts that includes the major and minor arts
o As a term, art history or history of art encompasses the different methods
studying visual art.
o As a discipline, art history is not similar to art criticism. Art criticism
determines the relative artistic values of an individual work in comparison with
others of comparable style.
Questions to answer as the key features of the art style:
1. What does the art convey?
2. How does it functions visually?
3. How the artists meet their goal as well as the symbols that were involved?

If the artist copy or imitate an
object or image found in nature.
Artist creates an art in a realistic
manner rely on symbolism or striving
to capture nature’s essence.
REPRESENTATIONAL NON-REPRESENTATIONAL
IMPRESSIONISM EXPRESSIONISM
As an example of representation style
is produced when the artwork was not
directly imitative but an impression of
nature.
The work of art is not
representational but the expression of
the artist’s feelings, longings,
aspirations, and ideals of beauty and
form.

PURPOSE OF ART HISTORY
• To place art in a social and historical context
• It has more advantage over art appreciation when evaluating works of
art. The more information an evaluation has on the works of art, the
better an evaluation he can make over the works of art.
• When a person has more context when looking at something such as a
piece of art work, he could better understand more the story behind that
particular piece of an artwork,
• To see how things like war, religion, politics, technological change have
effect not only on the artist but on the artwork that was produced.

ACTIVITY #1
Draw an expressionism and explain.

ASSUMPTIONS
OF ART
 Learning Outcomes: at the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:
 Clarify misconceptions about art
 Differentiate art from nature
 Categorize works of art by citing personal experiences
 Characterize the assumptions of the arts
Chapter
2

ART IS
CULTURAL
ART INVOLVES
EXPERIENCE
ART IS
UNIVERSAL
ART IS THE
FORM OF
CREATIVITY
ART IS AN
EXPRESSION OF
THE MIND
ART IS NATURE
ASSUMPTIONS
OF ART

Art has been created by all
people of the world at all times; it
has lived because it is liked and
enjoyed. The elements and forms
of art apply to all arts everywhere.
Art contributes to the
understanding of past and present
cultures. People can learn about
their culture’s values and strengthen
their culture’s identity.
ART IS UNIVERSAL ART IS CULTURAL

Art is not nature because it
is man-made. Art is man’s
interpretation of what he
perceives as art.
Art is a form of expression
of the deepest emotion of
the minds.
ART IS NOT NATURE ART IS AN EXPRESSION OF
THE MIND

Art is a product of the
imagination that entertains, pleases
and inspire people. The various
artworks of artists reflect the
artist’s power of creativity.
Fulfillment and consummation
of an act conclude the experience.
The expression of the artists are
shown in the way their feelings
towards their artwork.
ART IS A FOR OF
CREATIVITY
ART INVOLVES
EXPERIENCE

ACTIVITY #2
In one of your encounters with art through
museum visits, musicals, and plays among
others, have you ever felt disconnected from an
artwork? Was there a point in time when you
did not understand what message the art was
trying to convey? Explain why.

FUNCTIONS AND
PHILOSOPHY OF ART
 Learning Outcomes: at the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:
 Describe the Functions and Philosophy of Art
 Clarify misconceptions of art
Chapter
3

FUNCTIONS OF ART
AESTHETIC FUNCTION – Through art, man becomes
conscious of the beauty of nature.
UTILITARIAN FUNCTION – Through art, man is
provided with shelter, clothing, food, light, medicine, beautiful
surroundings, and other necessities and convenience of life. Art
does not only enrich man’s life.
CULTURAL FUNCTION – Through the printed matter,
art transmits and preserves skills and knowledge from one
generation to another.

FUNCTIONS OF ART
SOCIAL FUNCTION – Through civic and graphic arts, man
learns to love and help each other.
POLITICAL FUNCTION – Art reinforces and enhance a sense
of identity and ideological connection to specific political views,
political parties and politicians.
EDUCATIONAL FUNCTION – There are art symbols and
signs to illustrate knowledge and attitudes that are not expressed in
words.
SPIRITUAL FUNCTION – These artworks may have religious
significance.

PHILOSOPHY OF ART
Philosophy of Art refers to the study of the
nature of arts, its concept, interpretation,
representation, expression and form.

FIVE (5) PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES OF ART
1. Art as Mimesis – the word mimesis is a Greek word which
means “imitation” or “copying”, although it may also mean
representation.
2. Art as Representation (Aristotle) – art represents something.
When an artist uses signs and symbols to take the place of
something else, he is using art as a representation of such signs
and symbols.
3. Art for Art’s Sake (Kant) – artists associated with aestheticism
believes that art needs justification. Art does not serve political
didactic or other hand.

FIVE (5) PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES OF ART
4. Art as an Escape – artists have to get rid of this anxiety and
pressure because if we keep these worries and anxieties within
our mind, they will come out in the form of anger and in
hatred. Unfortunately, such anger and hatred are often taken
out on the wrong people.
5. Art as Functional – the artist intent in creating a functional
piece of art is to bring creativity, beauty and usefulness into
people’s everyday lives.

ACTIVITY #3
Collect pictures from magazines,
newspapers, or journals. Describe by
selecting any two (2) of the functions of
art. Draw an image that represents the art
functions you have selected.

SUBJECT
OF ART
 Learning Outcomes: at the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:
 Differentiate content from subject
 Classify artworks according to subjects
 Analyze how artists present their subject in relation to
the real subject
 Characterize sources and kinds of art
Chapter
4

SUBJECT OF ART
In any form of art there is always a subject
that serves as the foundation of the creation
of the work of art.
A subject of art is usually anything that is
represented in the artwork. It is varied – it
may be a person, object, scene, or event.

SOURCES OF SUBJECTS
 Subjects of art may be found in primary sources such as:
InterviewsArtwork autobiographies
Film of the
artist
Christian
Tradition
Diaries Speeches letters Photographs
Sacred oriental text
Nature Mythology
others
Documents

WHERE TO FIND THE PRIMARY
SOURCES
Archives
Catalogues
Exhibits
Notebooks
Sketchbooks
Art Galleries
Art Museums
Art and Cultural Centers

Painting, sculpture, graphic
arts, literature, and theatre
arts are generally classified as
representational arts,
although some paintings and
sculptures are without
subjects.
There are artworks that
have no resemblance to any
real subjects. They do not
represent anything and they
are what they are.
TYPES OF SUBJECTS
Representational or Objective
Arts
Non-Representational or Non-
Objective Arts

CONTENT IN ART
Content in Art refers to the meaning or significance,
and/or feeling imparted by a work of art.
This is not the same thing as the subject matter
the work depicts.
It is inextricably linked with form, FORM
refers to the pictorial aspects of art.
Content in Art may be classified as factual,
conventional, and subjective.

ACTIVITY #4
Bring painted copies of
contemporary artworks to be
presented orally in class. And
identify and discuss the subject,
source, type, and kind of the
artworks presented.

MEDIUMS IN VARIOUS
FORMS OF ART
 Learning Outcomes: at the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:
 Identify the medium in various forms of art
 Define an artist’s or artisan’s medium and techniques
 Define the role of managers, curators, buyers,
collectors, art dealers in the art world
 Differentiate between artists and artisans work
as an end in itself and the artist’s work is a
means to an end
Chapter
5

MEDIUMS OF VISUAL ARTS
Medium which comes from the Latin word
medium means by which an artist
communicates his idea. These are the materials
which are used by an artist to interpret his
feelings or thoughts.
May mediums have been used in creating
different works of art.

VISUAL ARTS
Visual Arts are those mediums that can be seen and
which occupy space.
Visual Arts are those arts that can be perceived with
our eyes.
Most common visual arts:
Painting
Sculpture
Architecture

Painting
Drawing
Printmaking
Photography
Sculpture
Architechture
Landscape
Community Planning
Industrial Designs
Crafts
TWO (2) CLASSES OF VISUAL ARTS
Dimensional or Two-
Dimensional Arts Three-Dimensional Arts

SOME TECHNIQUES OF VISUAL ARTS
Blowing Etching
Printing Transfer Design
Tinkering, Splattering
Throwing Coloring
Flowing Cutting
Scratched Etch
Stencil Process
Relief Painting

It is one of the oldest and
perhaps the most permanent
building materials. It used in
most of the great architectures
of the world.
• Limestone
• Granite
• Marble
• Sandtone
Wood is not a permanent
material but with proper care, it
can last for a century.
It is the common building
material in the 90’s.
It owes its popularity to its
abundance, relative durability,
and high tensile and
compression strength.
MATERIALS IN NATURE
STONE WOOD

MEDIUMS OF AUDITORY ARTS
Auditory Arts are those whose
mediums can be heard and which are
expressed in time.
• Motion Pictures, Film, or Movies
• Theathre
• Television or TV

SOME TECHNIQUES OF AUDITORY
ARTS
Sound as in music
Speech
Signaling with Instruments

MEDIUMS OF COMBINED ARTS
(MIXED MEDIA)
 Doing a charcoal sketch before
painting
 Doing a pencil sketch before painting
 Combining watercolor with pastel in
landscape painting

SOME TECHNIQUES OF COMBINED
ARTS
Items attached to painting might include:
 Photographic images
 Clothing
 Newspaper Clippings

ARTISTS are the
creators of tangible or
intangible products as
an expression of
creativity and
imagination for purely
aesthetic reasons.
ARTISANS (craftsman)
are the makers of
products or crafts, not
only for aesthetic value of
for decorative purposes
but for practical value,
such as for business
purposes.
ARTISTS ARTISANS

ART MANAGEMENT
Art Management (Art
Administration) is the process of
running the daily business operation
of art institutions either private or
public in nature.

ART PRODUCTION PROCESS
Art is concerned with the actual doing
and how actions can be achieved seeing
the art as pure human expression.
Art production often entails an
inherent motivation, rationale and
intentionality.

THREE (3) PARTS OF ART
PRODUCTION
1. PRE-PLANNING/PRE-
PRODUCTION
2. PRODUCTION
3. POST-PRODUCTION

PRE-PRODUCTION
Is the process of fixing some of the
elements in art (such as film, play or
other performance).

NINE(9) STAGES IN MOVIE
PRODUCTION
1. Finalize a Shooting Script
2. Storyboards and Shot Lists
3. Find the Right Crew
4. Location Scouting
5. Create a Proper Budget
6. Choose Your Gear
7. Clear That Red Tape
8. Finding the Right Cast
9. Rehearse

PRODUCTION
Is the process of combining various materials inputs
and non-material inputs to be able to make something
for consumption (the output).
It is the act of creating output such as good or
service which has value that contributes to utility of
individuals.
Economic Well-Being is important in this aspect if it
directly or indirectly satisfy human needs and wants.

POST-PRODUCTION
This is the process of filmmaking, video
production, and photography.
The selection of an expert editor is the one
who will go through all the scripts and the
scenes of the movie and decide which shots
will be used to create a flow of the story
correctly.

TECHNIQUE APPROACHES IN VISUAL
ARTS, AUDITORY ARTS, AND
COMBINED ARTS
1. Paint an object from your home or office
2. Perfectly frame an architectural photograph
3. Design a whimsical collage
4. Craft a metal sculpture from thin steel
5. Make a fabric masterpiece
6. Turn your camera on the clouds
7. Turn your journal into a visual diary
8. Fingerpaint
9. Doodle like a Traditional Animator

NEW TRENDS IN ART ADVERTISING
A TREND is a change or development towards
something new or novel.
Six (6) Big Visual Trends for 2017 by Tom May
1. Unfiltered Imagery
2. New Naivety Trend
3. Virtuality Trend
4. Color Surge
5. Gritty Woman Trend
6. Global Neighborhood Trend

NEW TRENDS IN ART FORMS
The development of new art form has led to new trends in arts,
especially in the visual arts.
As a consequence of technological advancements, art forms have
broadened tremendously taking art beyond the frame of canvas and
paper.
Artists too began experimenting and stretching their limits of
creativity.
The present digital technology has brought the buyer and seller
virtually face to face.
The contemporary art is being revolutionized and being “re-defined”

NEW TRENDS IN PERFORMING ARTS
Performing art tend appears to be on the rise.
Live performance continues to grow
elsewhere, Broadway plays and live opera
performances are rising.
Even the demand for new trends of
commercial recordings in televisions and
radios are stronger now than ever.

ACTIVITY #5
DIRECTION: Draw, post cut out pictures, image,
or photo of the ff. items. Then describe each of
them.
1. Paint an Object at Home
2. Frame Photograph
3. Whimsical Collage
4. Metal Structure for a Thin Steel
5. Fingerpaint

THE ELEMENTS OF ART
 Learning Outcomes: at the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:
 Analyze the various elements present in visual,
auditory, and combined arts.
 Determine dominant elements used in hybrid or
modified art expressions.
 Determine the factors influencing artists such as
distortion, transformation, appropriation in an
experimental or hybrid art expression.
Chapter
6

ELEMENTS IN VISUAL ARTS
Line
Color
Color Harmonies
Texture
Perspective
Space
Form

LINE
Line is an important at the disposal of every artist. Through the lines,
as in painting or sculpture, the artist represents figures and forms.
• Horizontal Lines - are lines of repose and serenity. They express
ideas of calmness and quiescence.
• Vertical Lines – are lines that denote action. They suggest poise,
balance, force, aspiration, exaltation, and dynamism.
• Diagonal Lines – suggest action, life, and movement. They give
animation to any composition in which they appear.
• Curved Lines – suggest grace, subtleness, direction, instability
movement, flexibility, joyousness, and grace.
• Crooked or Jagged Lines – express energy, violence, conflict, and
struggle. Lines may also be classified into three (3) groups: line
which follow or repeat one another, lines which contrast with one
another, and transitional lines which modify or soften the effect of
others.

COLOR
Color has the most aesthetic appeal among the elements of visual arts.
Delight in color is a universal human characteristic. Color is a property of
light. When light goes out, color goes with it.
Three Dimensions of Color:
• Hue – is the dimension of color that gives color its name. When we
say, the flower is yellow, we’re naming its hue.
• Value – sometimes called CHIAROSCURO, refers to the lightness or
darkness of a color. It is a quality which depends on the amount of
light and dark in color. They give the expression of depth and solidity
and lend form to paintings.
TINTS – are value above the normal.
SHADES – are values below the normal.
Pink is a tint of red, maroon is a shade of red. Sky Blue is a
tint, navy blue is a shade.
• Intensity – refers to its brightness or darkness. It gives color strength.

COLOR HARMONIES
Related Color Harmonies – may either be monochromatic or
adjacent. Monochromatic harmony is made up of several tones of
one hue, like for instance orange, tan, brown, and other tones from
the orange family.
Contrasted Color Harmonies – colors which lie directly opposite
to each other in the color circle are called complementary colors.

TEXTURE
Texture is an element that deals more directly with the sense of
touch. It has to do with the characteristics of surfaces which can
be rough or smooth, fine, or coarse, shiny or dull, plain or irregular.
It is best appreciated when an object is felt with the hands.
Texture is found in all the visual arts. A painting, a building, or a
piece of sculpture have textures which can be felt and described in
a variety of ways. Texture is due primarily to differences in
medium.

PERSPECTIVE
Perspective deals with the effect of distance upon the
appearance of objects, by means of which the eye judges spatial
relationships. It enables us to perceive distance and to see the
position of objects in space.
Linear Perspective – is the representation of an appearance
of distance by means of converging lines. The tracks of
railroad appear to the viewer as seeming to rise and meet in
the distance. It involves the direction of lines and the size of
objects.

SPACE
In painting, as in architecture, space is for great importance. The
exterior of a building is seen as it appears in space, while interior is
seen by one who is inside an enclosure. Painting does not deal with
space directly. It represents space only on a two-dimensional
surface. Sculpture involves very little space relationship or
perception of space.

FORM
Form applies to the overall design of work of art. It describes the
structure or a shape of an object.
Form directs the movements of the eyes. Since form consists of
size and volume, it signifies visual weight. Every kind of form has
its own aesthetic effect. Sculpture and architecture deal with three-
dimensional forms. Sculpture, however, deals with exterior form
alone because one cannot get inside a statue.

TRANSCREATION (CREATIVE
TRANSLATION)
This is the process of adapting a message from one
language to another while maintaining its intent, style,
tone, and context. A message that was successfully
transcreated evokes the same emotions and carries the
same implications in the target languages as it does in
the source language.

PURPOSE OF TRANSCREATION
Purpose of transcreation is to transfer the intent, style, vocal
tone, and emotional salience of the message from the source
language to that of the targeted audience.
To so this process, it requires expertise in marketing, linguistic
skills and knowledge of targeted cultures. Thus, to produce
effective transcreation, local language copy writers need to have
extensive knowledge of their market.

TRANSCREATION AND TRANSLATION
In TRANSLATION, a word for word translation is
inadequate. The best translation takes into account the
vocabulary, grammar, syntax, idiom and local ways of the
target audience while remaining faithful to the text as well as
to the context of the original document.
On the other hand, TRANSCREATION expands the
TRANSLATION by focusing not so much as the literal text
but on discerning the emotional response by viewers in the
target market.

TRANSCREATION OF TEXT TO
MUSIC
In novel or poetry, one can generate music with
general feeling.

TRANSCREATION PF TEXT TO DANCE
Its using a dialogue or text to influence and enhance dance
performance.
According to Karin Barber, when words are uttered, it
captures a prominent instance in the performance. She further
said that, “the text is permanent artifact, handwritten or
printed, while the performance is the unique, never-to-be-
repeated realization of the text, a realization that ‘brings the
text to life’ but which is itself doomed to die on the breach in
which it is uttered.”

TRANSCREATION TO DANCE TO
VISUAL ART
The great majority of the evidence for dance occurred in
Ancient Greek which come from visual art. Sculptures and
paintings on pots represented dancers. Relief sculpture in
tombs included scenes of dancers. The canon for artistic
representation was in place because the deceased and his or
her family needed to be depicted in a very specific way in
order to activate the magic that transported them to the next
world.

ACTIVITY #6
Draw anything you want as long as the elements
of visual arts are present.

VARIOUS PLANES IN ART
 Learning Outcomes: at the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:
 Identify various planes in art
 Categorize and organize information from different
sources
Chapter
7

READING THE IMAGE OF THE VISUAL
WORK
In understanding the art, one must be able to read the
visual work as a text that conveys a complex of concepts,
feelings, attitudes, moods, atmosphere and value that derives
from world views and ideologies, public or personal.
Therefore, in reading an image of a visual work, it is
important for us to familiarize ourselves with the various art
medium and techniques as well as processes involved in art-
making because these enter into the meaning of the work.

BASIC DOCUMENTARY INFORMATION
BY ALICE G. GUILLERMO
1. Title of the artwork
2. Name of artists
3. Medium and technique
4. Dimensions of measurement
5. Date of work
6. Provenance

1. TITLE OF THE WORK
The title may or may not contribute to the work
meaning or identifies the subject, or bears an ironic
relationships to the work, or a witty comment about the
work or its subject

2. NAME OF ARTISTS
The following information must be supplied in addition
to their names:
Generation the artist belongs
Dominant artistic trends during their active years
Name of their peers
Personal background and training
Record, diaries, and published statements which may
shed light on their art

3. MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE
The following documentaries are needed in identifying
medium and techniques:
• Determine whether the medium is academic or non-
academic, artistic choice as in mixed or multimedia
• Keen awareness of the work of art in terms of artistic
process involving particular mediums and techniques
• Identify the particular kind of materials used
• Note to be added regarding the ground of a painting

4. DIMENSIONS OF MEASUREMENT
The dimensions may be measured by metric system. The
measurements may be big, large-scale, mural size, average,
small or miniature. The usual format of a painting is
rectangular. However, symbolism may come into play such
as square or circular format.

5. DATE OF WORK
The date of work which was completed provides the
historical context of the work. It also provides information
as to what period of the artist development of the work
belongs, and finally, the date of the work situates in art
history, that it tells whether the artwork belongs to a
particular trend, school, or movement.

6. PROVENANCE
This is indicated by the name of the owner of the
artwork, of the collector of the work, or whether it
belongs to an art museum, art gallery, or a private
collection.

THREE LEVELS OF CONTENT IN ART
1. SEMIOTIC PLANE – this includes the elements and general, technical,
and physical aspects of the work. The mere presence of the material is already
an evidence of its significance.
2. ICONIC PLANE – this includes the choice of the subject which may bear
socio-political implications. The term icon refers to a simple image with a
unique meaning. The semiotic level mainly fits with representational or
figurative art whereas the semiotic plane deals more with abstract art.
3. THEMATIC PLANE – art is viewed in relation to its time, the ideologies
and concerns of that period. The theme is derived from the significant
circumstances of the artist and therefore a good analysis within this plane
demands that the viewer knows the artist’s background.

APPRECIATING WESTERN ART
Western art is sometimes referred to as art of Europe or European art
because it encompasses the history or visual art in Europe.
1. Prehistoric Period (Paleolithic and Icon Age)
- mobile rock and cave painting
2. Ancient Middle Period (3rd Millennium BC)
- carvings, decorated artifacts and huge standing stones
3. Before 1800 (Christian Church Influence)
- renewed interest in heroes and heroines, mythological tales of
gods and goddesses, great wars and bizarre creatures which were
not connected to religion.
4. After 1800 (Art is Influenced by Politics)
- art was influenced by secularism. Art was produced without
reference to religion and ideology. Art was often been influenced
by politics, of the state, of the patron of the artist.

APPRECIATION OF EASTERN ART
Eastern Art is also referred to as Asian Art.
Historically, development in Asian art parallel those in
Western and in general, a few centuries earlier. A vast
range of influence from the various cultures and
religion constitute the Eastern art. These include the
Chinese art, Korean art, Japanese art. The art of
Mesopotamia is considered as the oldest form of Asian
art.

ACTIVITY #7
 Class Assignment by group.
• Each group should provide the following :
• GROUP 1 – Dominant elements of visual arts, films,
literature, and dance.
• GROUP 2 – Dominant elements of architecture, music,
and sculpture.
• GROUP 3 – Transcreation of analog drawing, room
design, visual tapestry, coffee art, illustration.
• GROUP 4 – Transcreation of scribbling prose, creative
writing abd poem writing, performance art.

VARIOUS GENRES IN
MUSIC
 Learning Outcomes: at the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:
 Identify various genres of music.
 Makes a creative interpretation of the different musical
genre.
 Translate sound or music into a new form and a new
content.
Chapter
8

LIST OF MUSIC GENRES
1. ALTERNATIVE MUSIC – rock music (college, hard, indie, progressive),
the punk (art, folk, hardcore)
2. ANIME
3. BLUES – acoustic blues, Chicago blues, contemporary blues delta blues,
and electric blues
4. CHILDREN’S MUSIC – lullabies, sing-along and stories
5. CLASSICAL MUSIC – avant-garde, baroque, renaissance, romantic,
wedding music, chant choral, chamber music, high classical, minimalism
6. COMMERCIAL MUSIC – jingles and the TV themes
7. COUNTRY MUSIC – alternative country bluegrass, contemporary country,
honky-tonk, country pop, traditional country, and urban cowboy

8. ELECTRONIC MUSIC – electronic rock, drum and bass, downtempo, ambient, bitpop,
and chiptune.
9. HIP-HOP/RAP – alternative rap, bounce, dirty south, east coast rap, hardcore rap, hip-
hop, Latin rap, gangster rap, underground rap
10. HOLIDAY MUSIC – Christmas Classic, Halloween, Christmas Rock, Christmas Jazz,
Christmas Pop, Christmas Carol, Christmas Classical.
11. INDIE POP
12. CHRISTIAN AND GOSPEL MUSIC – Christian metal, Christian pop-rock-rap, Gospel
songs, Praise and Worship, Traditional Gospel
13. JAZZ MUSIC – avant-garde jazz, bebop, big band, cool, crossover jazz, dixieland fusion,
ragtime, smooth jazz
14. LATIN JAZZ – bossa nova, Brazilian Cumbia, Latin Jazz, Pop Latino, Flamenco
15. ROCK MUSIC – southern rock, death metal, bluesrock, jam bands, psychedelic
16. NEW AGE MUSIC- environmental music, healing, meditation, nature, relaxation
17. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC – cantata, oratorio, suites, keyboard instrumentals

THE CANTATA
This music is an unstaged sacred of secular narrative sung with
instrumental accompaniment developed during the Baroque era.
A CANTANA contains arias, narrative, and choruses. It is
generally based on sacred theme and are intended for liturgical
use.
• The Oratorio
- This is a musical composition based on the bible or
sacred text for soloist, choir, and orchestra. It is usually staged
in a church or theatre without any scenery or movement or
elaborate costumes.

THE CONCERTO GROSSO
This is an important form of instrumental music during
the Baroque period. It is composed of two groups of
instruments contrasted against each other.
• CONCERTINO – the smaller group or soloist
• TUTTI or RIPIENO – the bigger group or field
ensemble and which is composed eight to twenty
musicians. TUTTI are usually string instruments and a
harpsichord for the basso.

THE SUITES
This is composed of four dancers which did not contain thenatic
materials, tempo and character, are best reunited only by being in the
same key.
KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTS:
Organ – it is composed of a part of a tubes connected to a
wind supply that is sounded by playing the keys. Two kinds of
organs, FLUTE PIPES (sounded like a whistle-flute) and
REED PIPES (has piece of metal inside the mouthpiece that
produces vibrations).
Harpsichord – is used during the Baroque period. There are
three instruments in the harpsichord family: original, spirit,
and harpsichord. In France, harpsichord is called,
“CLAVERIA”, “CEMBALO” in Germany,
“CLAVICEMBALO” in Italy. It is similar to a grand piano.

THE LUTE
This is a fretted guitar instrument with a pear-
shaped body and between 7 and 11 strings which was
widely used as a solo instrument for accompaniment
playing chords.

THE BAROQUE MUSIC
Baroque music period is a style of Western art music that spanned by the
year 1600-1750. this period flourished under the leadership of Louis XIV of
France. This was the time of great philosophers and writers like Descartes,
Voltaire, and Locke.
Baroque music forms a major portion of the classical music canon,
being nowadays widely studied performed and listened to.
Baroque period saw the creation of tonality, an approach to writing the
music in which a song or piece is written in a particular key; this kind of
arrangement has continued to be used in almost Western popular music.
The term “baroque” comes from the Portuguese word barroco, meaning
“misshapen pearl”.

THE CLASSICAL MUSIC
This is an art music rooted in the tradition of Western music. It
includes both liturgical (religion) and secular music.
The classic period is generally characterized by an emphasis in
form rather then content. In music, it is characterized by
composition which are simple and have balance and order.
During this period, different forms of music like instrumental
forms, sonata, concerto, and symphony were developed.
Composers are composed music objectively, followed a form one
of which was the sonata – allegro form found at the beginning of
each instrument composition.

ROMANTIC MUSIC
Romantic music is a period of Western classical music that started
late in the 18th century or early 19th century. Romantic music in
particular dominated the romantic movement in Germany.
Musicians during this time had the chance to express themselves
freely. Music become an international language because it was easily
understood and expressed.
Romantic music was characterized by interest in stories, folklore,
mythology, and supernatural stories. Moods were experienced
according to the temperament, primarily, and personal convictions of
the composer.

MODERN MUSIC
Modern music is the music of the 20th and 21st centuries, new
musical styles have been developed such a popular or pop music,
rock, jazz, folk, alternative country, and western music.
New music is being introduce by modern composers. With the
emergence of new technology, they were forced to consider
experimental ways in framing their musical ideas. Electronic
music, chance music, minimalist music are the “in” thing.

ACTIVITY #8
Form 5 groups with respective leaders. Interpret music through
their own art expression.
G1 – Classical Music
G2 – Hip-Hop Dance
G3 – Jazz Music
G4 – Rock Music
G5 – Latin Jazz

CONCEPT OF
SOULMAKING
 Learning Outcomes: at the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:
 Identify the medium in various forms of art
 Define an artist’s or artisan’s medium and techniques
 Define the role of managers, curators, buyers,
collectors, art dealers in the art world
 Differentiate between artists and artisans work
as an end in itself and the artist’s work is a
means to an end
Chapter
9

WHAT IS SOULMAKING?
Soulmaking is connecting to our deepest nature,
communicating deeply with the inner real, being fully awake and
aware by flooding our consciousness with eternal images.
Soulmaking is about drawing out a certain experience the
person and transfer this into an image either in a form of painting
or a musical composition or a production.

CRAFTING IMAGES
o Let us craft the images inside a Lightroom in many ways. Since
soulmaking is a creative technique in art making, you can get
better results from it – it is not realism (adapted from a post in the
internet).
o Start out with an image that has “good bones”. It needs to be
pleasingly composed and it needs to have something that compel
you to want to look at it and to spend some time working with it.
o Good contenders for this process are images with interesting
skills and these include heavy cloud captured at sunset and
sunrise.

CRAFTING STORIES
Stories are masterfully crafted pieces of art authors
pull from the depths of their imaginations. While they
are not required to publish them for anyone else's eyes to
see, publishing them does push their work out for
specific people to read.

SEVEN (7) STEPS TO CRAFTING STORIES
1. Craft your Premise
2. Roughly Sketch Scene Ideas
3. Interview your Characters
4. Explore your Settings
5. Write your Complete Outline
6. Condense Your Outline
7. Put your Outline into Action

THE PURPOSE OF RECYCLED ART
The purpose of recycled art is this: to encourage the reuse
of a variety of materials in new, different and creative forms,
and to promote recycling and resource conservation.
In this contemporary world, a free, unstructured child
directed play is gradually vanishing. Many educators and
psychologists believe that is crucial to children’s intellectual
and emotional development.

9 WAYS TO ENCOURAGE IMAGINATIVE
PLAY
1. Eliminate one after-school activity a week
2. Schedule in free play
3. Provide our children with open-ended toys
4. Concede a little chaos
5. Show them how it’s done
6. Seriously limit screen time
7. Get them out
8. Don’t be afraid
9. Talk to other parents

BENEFITS OF LEARNING IN NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT
 Learning in a natural environment offers direct benefits as diverse as
educational, health, and psychological. Its indirect benefits range from social to
financial.
 Yet, despite the good benefits that natural environment learning give to many
children, many of them are losing their connection with nature.
 Nowadays, about 10% of children play in the natural environment compared to
40% of adults when they were young.
 This extinction of natural and vicarious experience has a detrimental long-term
impact on environmental attitude and behavior.
 Therefore, a cultural shift is required both at home and at school, before the
situation worsen or can be reversed.

LEONARDO DA VINCI
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
• Da Vinci was a prolific painter, sculptor, architect,
musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor,
anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and
writer.
• He was considered the most diversely talented person.
Many of his concepts would become inventions
centuries later.

SEVEN (7) LEONARDO DA VINCI
PRINCIPLES
 CURIOSITA – an insatiable curious approach to life and an unrelenting quest for
continuous learning.
 DIMONSTRAZIONE – a commitment to test knowledge through experience,
persistence, and a willingness to learn from past mistake.
 SENSAZIONE – continual refinement of the senses as the means to enliven
experience.
 SFUMATO – the literal translation for this term is going up in smoke. It is about our
willingness to embrace ambiguity, paradox, and uncertainty.
 ARTE/SCIENZA – developing a balance between logic and imagination.
 CORPORALITA – this is about maintaining a healthy body as well as a healthy
mind.
 CONNESSIONE – this is the simple recognition of the interconnectedness of all
things and phenomena.

ACTIVITY #9
 List the ways on how to encourage creative play and learning in
the natural environments. Draw a schematic diagram on how these
are to be performed.
A. How to encourage creative play in the natural environment?
B. How to encourage effective learning in the natural
environment?

TRADITIONAL ARTS IN
THE PHILIPPINES
 Learning Outcomes: at the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to:
 Discuss the concept of soulmaking
 Develop students’ artistic potential through soulmaking
 Enhance students’ sensitivity and awareness toward their
environment
 Extend to the immediate community the students’ artworks
as a form of service learning
Chapter
10

ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Arts in the Philippines refers to the art works that have
developed and accumulated in the Philippines from the beginning
of civilization in the country up to the present.
Arts in the Philippines are classified into traditional arts, arts in
Muslim Mindanao or the Islamic Arts and arts in the Cordillera
region. These arts reflect the societies wide range of cultural
influence in the country’s culture and how they honed the
country’s arts.

TRADITIONAL MOTIFS
Traditional Motifs are used by folklorist in analyzing,
interpreting, and describing the traditional elements found in
the lore of a particular folk groups and compose the folklore
of the various regions and cultures of the world based on the
motif patterns.
The meaning in cultural anthropology encompasses the
use of motifs in the areas of music, literacy criticism, visual
arts, and textile arts that create recognizable patterns in folk-
art traditions.

TRADITIONAL CRAFTS
A tradition craft should meet the following
requirements:
1. Used mainly in everyday life
2. Manufactured by hand
3. Manufactured by using a traditional technique or
skill
4. Made traditional materials
5. Manufactured in a certain area with a certain
number of manufacturers

TRADITIONAL CRAFTS
 HANDICRAFTS – is the main sector of traditional crafts. These are types
of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand
or by using simple tools. These traditional crafts have cultural and/or
religious significance.
 WEAVING – is another form of traditional crafts. Materials used in weaving
consist of wool, mohair, cotton, bristles, and silk. It can be done with all
kinds of cloth.
 EMBROIDERY – it is not only used for decoration but also as a means of
comunication tool with the symbolism in its designs. Today, the tools in
embroidery are crochet needle, needle, shuttle and hairpin designed either
as a border or motif and goes by different names according to the
implement used as well as the technique.

TRADITIONAL CRAFTS
 Woodcarving – has been existing long time ago, the most common
products are tables, sala sets, cabinets, doors, cupboard corners, and
others. These crafts were greatly simplified and applied mostly to objects in
daily use such as tripods, wooden stands, writing sets, drawers, chests,
spoons for decorations, rowing boats, reading desks, etc.
 Making Musical Instruments – is a traditional craft that existed for many
long years. The materials used for making musical instruments came from
trees, plants skin, bones, and animal horn. Musical Instruments are
classified into string, percussion, and woodwind.
 Glazed Earthenware Tiles – are used for ceramic and art purposes.
Artists usually create animal designs in these tiles.

TRADITIONAL CRAFTS
 GLASSWORK –is another traditional art form. Stained glass was
developed many years ago. Church windows are made of stained glass in
different models and forms.
 STONEWORK – as a traditional craft plays an important role in exterior
and interior decoration in traditional architecture. Stonework techniques
include carving, relief, and statue.
 BASKET WEAVING – is also as traditional craft that started a thousand
years ago. It is carried out by weaving reed, willow, and nut branches,
bamboo trunks, rattan and other materials. It is used for home decoration
in addition to the original purpose of helping to carry things.

ACTIVITY #10
 Class Project
• Divide the class into four groups. Each group will bring the
real object or materials for display. If some of them are not
actually available, they can be drawn or cut out from existing
magazines/journals. These will be place/exhibited in front
of the class and to be reported/discussed.
• Bring the following:
• GROUP 1 – Traditional Motifs
• GROUP 2 – Traditional Crafts
• GROUP 3 – Decorative Symbols
• GROUP 4 – Textile Art Samples

THE INDIGENOUS ARTS
 Learning Outcomes: at the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:
 Identify the art form that comprise the indigenous arts
in the Philippines
 Appreciate better the various arts in their traditional
form
Chapter
11

INDIGENOUS ARTS: WHAT ARE THEY?
Indigenous arts are those native arts that have grown
naturally through the years in a certain locality.
Indigenous arts include the Torogan of Muslim Mindanao,
bahay-kubo, bahay bale, bahay na bato, and other indigenous
house.
Traditional arts and crafts are not indigenous arts per
se since these arts did not naturally existed in the particular
area from immemorial.

INDIGENOUS MATERIALS
1. SAWALI – this material comes from the outer covering of bamboo poles it is
woven into mats and ideal for cement backing.
2. COCO COIR – this by-product of coconut is used to minimize the use of
cement and as a sandwhich panels for insulation.
3. BAGASSE – this is sugar can waste used for insulation or cement backing.
4. ABACA – this is a fiber material obtained from the leaf stalk of banana plant.
5. BAMBOO – this indigenous material has low degree of elasticity, low-concrete
adhesion, but wide variable moisture content.
6. PALM FROND STEMS – this mateial is often used for non-structural panels,
walls, screens, bases of house.
7. MUD BRICKS – this material is brittle, has less strength, and cannot stand up
well to tension.

BAHAY-KUBO
Bahay kubo is a cultural icon, a cultural heritage, and as a
symbol of togetherness. Its Filipino translation is “NIPA
HUT”.
The typical Nipa Hut has no partition for rooms so as to
accommodate the entire family.
The inside area is the space for dining, sleeping, and lviing
area in one.
This typical hut symbolizes the typical Filipino family as a
closed knit family.

BAHAY NA BATO
 In Filipino language, it is literally known as “house of stone” or better still “stone
house.” This is the type of dwelling unit that existed during the Spanish time in the
Philippines. This type of house is considered as an updated version of the traditional
bahay kubo.
 The common architectural appearance of the bahay na bato isthat of an “elevated
overhanging wooden upper story, nipa hut (with balustrades, ventanillas, and capiz
shell sliding windows) that stands on Spanish style solid stone blocks or bricks and
posts as foundation instead of junk wood, bamboo stilts, or timber posts”.
 This type of indigenous house uses a Chinese tiled roof or sometimes nipa or cogon
roof but today this roofing are being replaced by styled galvanized irons.
 Just like the bahay kubo, the bahay na bato has an open ventilation, elevated from
thje ground and the inside part is used as a living room, and the ground floor as
storeroom, cellar and other business purposes.

IFUGAO BALE (NATIVE HOUSE)
This type of indigenous house is sometimes referred to as “No-nail House”
because it was constructed without the use of nails. It is considered to be one
of the most indigenous and nearly perfect architectural constructs ever made
by man. They are known as the “ARCHITECHTURAL MARVEL” of the
country.
“MUNHABATS” local carpenters of Banaue who built bale as part of
dangah or free service.
The bale evolved from primitive dwelling called “abong” which is equivalent
to “house” in Pangasinan dialect.
The Ifugao Bale is made from the timber of AMUWAGAN trees. It stands
on 4 posts buried 50cm. underneath and the posts are only covered with stones.
The thatched triangular roof shields dwellers from the tropical weather.

ACTIVITY #11
 Building Miniature
• Each group should be assigned to construct a miniature structures of
the following:
 Ifugao Bale
 Bahay Kubo
 Bahay na Bato
This activity should be a collaborative undertaking of the whole
class.
The miniature structure should be displayed in a secured and safe
place for other students in the school to see. This class project
must be documented.
The assigned leader should place caption to describe the miniature.

IMPROVISATION IN
VARIOUS ARTS
 Learning Outcomes: at the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:
 Define improvisation
 Utilize the body as a basic in expressing and
communicating
 Strengthen the student’s initiative and artistic
sensibilitiesss
Chapter
12

MEANING OF IMPROVISATION IN
ARTS
Improvisation is the art of creating/composing,
uttering, executing, arranging something
spontaneously without previous preparation.
Improvisation is an aspect of human agency that has
not been studied and structure vey well.
Improvisation is association with creativity to be able
to add value in a fast moving situation.

IMPORTANCE OF IMPROVISATION IN
ARTS
It enables us to cope with our everyday environment
and its contingencies.
Improvisation is something Filipinos value highly as
an artistic achievement in arts such as music, dance,
and theatre.

EXAMPLES OF IMPROVISATION
1. Music – composing music in the moment as well as
reproducing to other musicians.
2. Dance – reading to music, scenes and other dancers dancing.
3. Design – building something useful given limited time,
resources, and other constraints.
4. Theatre – performing a play that is unscripted.
5. Problem Solving and Decision Making – unscripted real-life
scenarios working or involving with what you have in the moment.

BODY LANGUAGE: THE BASIC TOOL IN
EXPRESION AND COMMUNICATION
Body Language (or KINESIS) is a non-verbal
communication in which physical behavior, instead of words,
are used to express or convey information.
Common physical behavior includes physical expression,
body posture, gestures, handshakes, eye movement, touch
and the use of space.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BODY
LANGUAGE AND SIGN LANGUAGE
Body Language – is not a sign language and vice versa. On the other
hand, body languages does not have a grammar and therefore the
movement of the body must be interpreted broadly to get its meaning.
Sign Language – are full languages, that is, they have their own complex
grammar system but such cannot be spoken or uttered by the deaf persons
due to their inability to hear phonetic sounds.
The ability to interpret body languages depends on the individual’s
intelligence, age, experience, training, and cultural influences. It was
believed that majority of information are transmitted through non-verbal
communication than verbal one’s during interpersonal interactions.

IMPORTANCE OF BODY LANGUAGE
1. It helps to establish harmonious relations between people
2. It helps to regulate personal interaction
3. It makes communication faster
4. It adds meaning to verbal communications
5. It serves as an outlet of emotional tension

PHYSICAL EXPRESSIONS OF BODY
LANGUAGE
1. Facial Expressions – we are able to tell the meaning of a body language by the
expression of the face as to whether a person is happy, sad, eager, or angry.
2. Body Posture – expresses some forms of communication. It can signify emotion of
sadness, anxiety, fear, anger, joy, and wander.
3. Gestures – are forms of body movements using the body parts like the arms, tongue to
suggest something. Gestures may either be involuntary and voluntary when we want to
express something.
4. Eye Movement – this is another form of body language which signifies many meanings
to many people.
5. Sense of Touch – known as haptic communication. It has the ability to convey and
enhance physical intimacy.
6. Body Movement – bodily movements are difficult to determine because emotional
behavior is personal and subjective.

CHOREOGRAPHY
It is another form of improvisation tool to express an emotion
or to communicate by a sequence of movement.
In choreography, the physical body is in motion, form, or
both are specified.
Choreography is used in music, especially, vocal duet, and
chorus.
In performing arts, choreography is used in any form of
movement such as in dance, whether traditional or modern
dances.

CONTACT BODY IMPROVISATION
This is a form of improvised dancing which started internationally in
1972, where disco dancing is still popular.
Contact body improvisation is the use of the fundamentals of sharing
weight, touch, and finding a point of contact between the bodies of the
dancers. Specifically, this can be done by falling off balance,
counterbalance, finding the shelves of the body, learning the mechanics of
the body in order to handle someone else’s weight or be lifted using
breathing techniques.
• Sound Improvisation – (also known as musical improvisation or musical
extemporization) refers to the “spontaneous composition or free performance of
a musical passage usually in a manner conforming to certain stylistic norms but
unfettered by the prescriptive features of a specific musical text”. It also means
to “play or sing (music) extemporaneously by inventing variations on a melody
or creating new melodies, rhythms, and harmonies but still based on chord
change in classical music.”

THEATRIC IMPROVISATION
 This is a creative performed on stage being done by several cast of actors and
actresses spontaneously acting; and at times including audience suggestions
contributing to the performance content and directions. In other words, the
participants themselves formulate the dialogue, setting and plot without sufficient
formal rehearsals.
 To be able to improvise theatre performance, the performance must possess the
skills of listening and maintain awareness of what other performers are doing
since this is performed outside the script or without script.
 Improvisation Theatre is often performed in comedy play on stage, film,
television programs. It is also used in classrooms as an educational tool or in
business to develop communication, skills, creative problem-solving, and
supportive teamwork, in ensemble play, and even in drama or stage play
competitions.

ACTIVITY #12
 Class Activity
• Form two (2) groups with group leaders. The instructor will
assign three (3) judges who are either classmates of the groups
or better still other sections in the same school.
• The members of the group will demonstrate in front of the
class. Each member of the group will be given 1min. Duration
to demonstrate. Each member will be given 2 trials and 1 final
demo. After every group has finished their demo, the results
will be announced.
• GROUP 1 – to demonstrate body language
• GROUP 2 – to demonstrate body movement