2. Introduction
→ In the maritime shipping industries a solution for fuel consumption reduction is desirable.
→ Present vessels use a large amount of fuel which is more expensive than four years ago.
→ A high fuel consumption means a vast amount of emissions emitted into the air.
→ Contra-rotating propellers can be applied in a variety of ways such as two contra-rotating
propellers on a single shaft.
→ This proved to be hard to apply and the money saved compared to the maintenance costs
makes it a less profitable solution.
3. How can contra-rotating propellers reduce fuel
consumption and increase efficiency of commercial
shipping vessels.
- How does the concept of contra-rotating propellers work?
- What are the advantages/disadvantages of contra-rotating?
- To which criteria does the contra-rotating propeller system
has to comply?
- What are the specifications and application of the contra-rotating
pod-propeller system be?
- What are the fuel reduction be when equipped with contra-rotating
propellers?
The main question will be answered by answering the following sub questions:
4. OPERATION
When airspeed is low, the mass of the air flowing through the propeller
disk (thrust) causes a significant amount of tangential or rotational
air flow to be created by the spinning blades.
The energy of this tangential air flow is wasted in a single-propeller
design, and causes handling problems at low speed as the air strikes
the vertical stabilizer, causing the aircraft to yaw left or right,
depending on the direction of propeller rotation.
To use this wasted effort, the placement of a second propeller behind
the first takes advantage of the disturbed airflow.
5.
6. WHAT IS THIS TOPIC ABOUT?
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only one that
harbors life in the Solar System. It is the beautiful planet where we
all live, and it is also known as the Blue Planet, due to the fact that
over 70% of its surface is covered with water. It is the densest
planet of all and the Moon is Earth’s only natural satellite
Despite being red, Mars is actually a very cold place. It is full of iron
oxide dust, which gives the planet its reddish cast. It is also the
fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest one, being
only a bit larger than Mercury
7. — SOMEONE FAMOUS
“This is a quote. Words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get inspired.”
8. ASSIGNMENT
MERCURY
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System—it’s
only a bit larger than the Moon
VENUS
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun. It’s hot and has a very
poisonous atmosphere
9. DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS
MERCURY
It’s the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one
VENUS
Venus has a beautiful name and is
the second planet from the Sun
MARS
Despite being red, Mars is actually
a very cold place
10. FEATURES OF THIS TOPIC
VENUS
It has a beautiful name
and is the second
planet from the Sun
MARS
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a very
cold place
MERCURY
It’s the closest planet
to the Sun and the
smallest one
JUPITER
It’s a gas giant and the
biggest planet in the
Solar System
11. VOCABULARY
VENUS
Venus has a
beautiful name
MARS
Mars is actually a
very cold place
JUPITER
Jupiter is the
biggest planet
MERCURY
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun
NEPTUNE
It’s the farthest
planet from Sun
SATURN
Saturn is the
ringed planet
16. 333,000
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s
9H 55M 23S
is Jupiter’s rotation period
386,000 KM
Distance between Earth and the Moon
17. DID YOU KNOW THIS?
MERCURY
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System—it’s
only a bit larger than the Moon
VENUS
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun. It’s hot and has a very
poisonous atmosphere
18. AUTHOR
BIOGRAPHY
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System—it’s
only a bit larger than Moon
NAME
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun. It’s really hot there
OTHER TITLES
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19. LITERATURE-BASED GLOSSARY
VENUS MARS JUPITER MERCURY
Jupiter is a gas
giant and the
biggest planet in
the Solar System
Saturn is a gas giant
with rings and was
named after a
Roman god
Neptune is the
farthest planet
from the Sun. It's
really cold there
Mercury is the
closest planet to
the Sun and the
smallest one
Venus has a
beautiful name and
is the second planet
from the Sun
Earth is the third
planet from the Sun
and the only one
that harbors life
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
cold place. It's full
of iron oxide dust
The Sun is the huge
and hot star at the
center of the entire
Solar System
20. CAUSE AND EFFECT
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Jupiter is the
biggest planet
JUPITER
Mars is a really
cold place
MARS
Venus has a
nice name
VENUS
It’s the closest
planet to the
Sun
MERCURY
90% 55%
95% 30%
21. SUPPORTING DETAILS
VENUS
Venus has a
beautiful name
MARS
Mars is actually a
very cold place
JUPITER
Jupiter is the
biggest planet
MERCURY
It’s the closest
planet to the Sun
22. SOURCE 2
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of
the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of
the publication. Publisher
SOURCE 4
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of
the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of
the publication. Publisher
SOURCE 1
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of
the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of
the publication. Publisher
SOURCE 3
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of
the publication. Publisher
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of
the publication. Publisher
RESEARCH SOURCES
23. SOME PERCENTAGES
90%
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a very
cold place
60%
Jupiter is a gas giant
and the biggest planet
in the Solar System
25%
Venus has a nice name
and is the second
planet from the Sun
35%
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and
the smallest one
24. THIS IS AN INFOGRAPHIC
Venus has a
beautiful name
Mars is actually a
very cold place
Jupiter is the
biggest planet
Mercury is the
smallest planet
Neptune is far
away from Earth
Saturn is the
ringed planet
26. MARS
CHOOSE ONE OPTION
IS NEPTUNE FAR AWAY
FROM EARTH?
IS JUPITER THE
BIGGEST PLANET?
JUPITER
VENUS
MERCURY
NEPTUNE
EARTH
SATURN
PLUTO
27. MATCH THE CONCEPTS
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one
Venus has a beautiful name and is
the second planet from the Sun
Despite being red, Mars is actually
a very cold place
Saturn has several rings
Jupiter is the biggest planet
Neptune is far away from Earth
28. TRUE OR FALSE
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet in the Solar System
Saturn is a gas giant and has rings. It's composed of hydrogen and helium
Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun. It's cold there
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun
Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It's full of iron oxide dust
F
F
F
F
F
F
QUESTIONS
T
T
T
T
T
T
29. WRITE A LETTER
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Venus has a beautiful name but is really hot
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