Cancer Prevention

1. CANCER

2. • Cancer is a large group of
diseases (over 200)
characterized by
uncontrolled growth and
spread of abnormal cells.*
What Is Cancer?
*American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and Figures 2005

3. Normal Cells Vs. Cancer Cells
• Cancer cells:
– Lose control over growth
and multiplication
– Do not self-destruct when
they become worn out or
damaged
– Crowd out healthy cells

4. TYPES OF TUMORS

5. Growth of Cancer Cells
• Size of cancer cells:
– One million
cancer cells =
head of a pin
– One billion
cancer cells = a
small grape
– 230 =
1,073,741,824
= 1 billion cells
2-6 weeks
 Cancer cells reproduce
every 2-6 weeks.
2-6 weeks
2-6 weeks

6. What Causes Cancer?
Lifestyle
Environment
Family History

8. Environmental factors
• Tobacco
• Alcohol
• Dietary Factors
• Occupational exposures
• Viruses
• Parasites
• Customs ,habits, Lifestyles
• Others – sunlight, pollution,
drugs
Genetic
Eg
• Retinoblastoma in Children
• Leukemia in Mongols
CAUSES OF CANCER

9. Lifestyle Risks
• Smoking
• Diet high fat and low in
fruits and vegetables
• Lack of exercise
• Unprotected exposure to
the sun, (UV) rays
• Obesity

10. Environmental Risks
• Second hand smoke
• Air pollution
• Industrial pollution
• Chemical exposures

11. Inherited Risks
• Less than 15% of
cancers are inherited
• Gene mutations are
linked to some inherited
cancers
• Cancers that may be
caused by inherited
gene mutations are:
– Colon cancer
– Breast cancer
– Ovarian
– Prostate cancer
– Skin cancer

12. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Early cancer no symptoms
• Change in bowel habits or bladder functions
• Sores that do not heal
• Unusual bleeding or discharge
• Lumps or thickening of breast or other parts of
the body
• Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• Recent change in wart or mole
• Persistent coughing or hoarseness

13. TYPES OF CANCER
• lung cancer
• Breast cancer
• Colon and rectal cancer
• Endometrial cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Kidney cancer
• Prostrate cancer
• Thyroid cancer
• leukemia

14. Factors Believed to Contribute to Global
Causes of Cancer

15. DIAGNOSIS
• Screening
• Self examinations
• Biopsy
• X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, and
ultrasound scans
• Molecular diagnostic test

16. TREATMENTS
• Surgery
• Radiotherapy
• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy
• Hormone therapy
• Gene therapy
• Cancer-specific immune system cells to treat
cancer

17. EPIDEMOLOGY OF CANCER

19. Preventive measures of Cancer
o physical activities
o avoiding obesities
o healthy dietary practices
o reducing occupational and environmental exposures
o reducing alcohol uses
o immunization against hepatitis B virus
o safe sexual practices for avoiding cancer genesis

20. Fruits and Vegetables Decrease
Cancer Risks
• Cancer rates could
decline by up to 20%
if everyone consumed
5 fruits and vegetables
a day!*
• Cancer fighting
substances:
– Antioxidants
– Dietary fiber
– Carotenoids
– Flavenoids
*American Institute for Cancer Research, 1998.

21. Limit Alcohol to No More Than
• Avoid alcohol drinking
• Use of unnecessary
drugs
• Protect relationship---
disease is NOT a friend

22. Avoid Smoking or Chewing
Tobacco
• Cigarette smoking is the
leading cause of preventable
death
• Second hand smoke affects
everyone

23. Screening Tests and
Self-exams
Screening tests:
• Colon
• Breast
• Cervical
• Prostate
Self-exams:
• Testicular
• Skin

24. Why Screening
Tests?
The treatment of cancer is most
successful when the cancer is
detected as early as possible,
often before symptoms occur.

25. Good News!
Other Ways to Reduce the
Risks of Developing
Cancer…

26. Bangladesh
• Bangladesh has reduced child mortality by 71% against
2015 MDGs target of 66%.
• Non- Communicable diseases (NCD) are major disease
burden on health systems.
• Cancer, Cardiovascular , Kidney diseases are following
the top 10 list
• Urban pop will need more comprehensive and
specialized services
• Lack of specialized health facilities and trained
professionals that complicated health services
• Patients are ready to pay for quality services

27. Global Mortality Projections,
2004 to 2030
WHO Global Burden of Disease 2004 Report

29. Thank You