Protocol Layering in Communication Networks: A Guide to the 7 Layers of the OSI Model
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This document discusses protocol layering in communication networks. It introduces the need for protocol layering when communication becomes complex. Protocol layering involves dividing communication tasks across different layers, with each layer having its own protocol. The document then discusses two principles of protocol layering: 1) each layer must support bidirectional communication and 2) the objects under each layer must be identical at both sites. It provides an overview of the OSI 7-layer model and describes the basic functions of each layer.
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Protocol Layering in Communication Networks: A Guide to the 7 Layers of the OSI Model
- 2. Introduction / Need for Protocol Layering • In data communication and networking, a protocol defines the rules that both the sender and receiver and all intermediate devices need to follow for effective communication. • When communication is simple, we may need only one simple protocol. • when the communication is complex, we may need to divide the task between different layers. • In this case we need a protocol at each layer, or protocol layering. Scenario 1: Simple Communication Scenario 2: Complex Communication
- 3. Does layering actually satisfies the needs? Lets assume that you own a shop where you sell Jam breads, Few people gets satisfied with what you serve. Now a Foodie walks in and asks for customization. Can you really satisfy him with what you have?
- 4. Principles of Protocol Layering The first principle dictates that if we want bidirectional communication, we need to make each layer so that it is able to perform two opposite tasks, one in each direction. The second principle that we need to follow in protocol layering is that the two objects under each layer at both sites should be identical.
- 5. The Entire internet operates on a Globally Accepted Standard / Model to communicate effectively • • • • Network Support layers ✓ Deals with physical aspects of moving data from one device to another device User Support layers ✓ Deals with the interoperability among unrelated software systems Transport Layer ✓ Ensures the reliable data transmission Physical Layer Data Link Layer Network Layer Transport Layer Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer
- 6. OSI Model – Open System Interconnect Alligator Pet Steve’s Touch Not Do Please
- 7. 1. Physical Layer Transmission Rate Bit Synchronization Physical Topology
- 8. 2.Data Link Layer ➢ Framing ➢ Physical Addressing ➢ Flow Control ➢ Error Control ➢ Access Control
- 9. 3. Network Layer Logical Addressing Routing
- 10. 4. Transport Layer • Functions: • Service port addressing • Segmentation and reassembly • Connection control • Connection oriented services • Connection less services • Flow control and error control
- 13. 5. Session layer • Functions • Dialogue control • This function decides which application send / receive data and connection type (Simplex or Duplex) • Synchronization • Maintains the same data rates at both sender and receiver nodes.
- 14. 6. Presentation layer • Functions: • Translation • Encryption and decryption • Compression
- 16. 7. Application Layer Email Services Browsers Online Shopping Services