Jurors place great importance on eyewitness testimony; however, eyewitness testimony is inherently unreliable. There are two common identification procedures: the photo array and the line-up. A photo array is when the witness is asked to identify the suspect from a set of multiple photographs. The line-up refers to when the witness tries to make identification, usually from the other side of a one-way mirror. Both processes must comply with the Due Process Clause. In some cases, you can challenge the grounds to a photo array identification and line-up.

1. C LE
HA L NGI
NG
A EE T S
N Y WINE S
I E II A I
D NTFC TON
© J me P bi ig
a s u l hn
s

2. Jrr pa ege tmp r n eo e e i es et n, at ual
uos lc ra i ot c n y w t s tsmo yp rc lr
a
n
i
i
y
itew tes a n o v u a et gid I rai, o e e,
fh i s h s o b i s x o r .n e lyh w v r
n
o
n
t
e e i es et n iih rnl u rl be a dmia e
y w t s tsmo y sn ee t nei l, n
n
i
y
a
s kn
t
ie ti t nrs l i moew o gu c n i in ta a y te
d nic i eut n r rn fl o v t s h n n oh r
fa o
s
co
c ue
a s.
L t epoet oc mmo l ue ie ti t npo e ue — te
e’ x lr w o
s
ny sd d nic i rcd rs h
fa o
p ooary n tel eu — t lanh w teepo e ue w r
h t r a d h i -p o e r o h s rcd rs ok
a
n
a dh w y uc nc aln eteepo e ue i y u d fne
n o o a h l g h s rcd rsn o r ee s.
e

3. T EP OT A R Y
H H O RA
Wi a“h t ary tewtess se t ie ty h p rertr
t
h p oo r , h i s iak d o d ni te ep t o
a”
n
f
a
f m ast f h tga h. p ooary h udic d a lat i
r
o
e o p oo rp s A h t r so l n l e te s s
a
u
x
p oo rp s b t o t s i ic d u t nn . h p oo ma
h tga h, u smei wl n l e p o ie T e h ts y
me
l u
b dslydl eal eu o ma b dslyduigac rb ad
e i ae i
p
k
i -p r y e i a e s
n
p
n
ad o r
c tu w i o ely tep oo rp s n p ral hd s h
uo t hc vr s h h tga h a d at l ie te
h
a
iy
df rn e a n te Tpc l,h p oo i teary h w
iee cs mo g h m.y i l te h tsn h r so
f
ay
a
o l tefcs fh me o w me pc rda dic d n oh r
ny h a e o te n r o n iue n n l e o te
t
u
p yi lh rc r ts sc a teidv u l h ih, eg tb d
h s a c aa t ii , u h s h n id a’ eg tw ih, o y
c
e sc
i
s
sa e o ma n r f rs.
h p , r n e o des

4. T EL - P
H I U
NE
I a“n -p” h p lema h v sv rln id as io s n
n l eu , te oi
i
c
y a e e ea idv u ls r t d
i
t
a
n x t e c oh rw i tewtes r s oma ea ie ti t n
eto a h te, hl h i s te t
e
n
i
k n d nic i ,
fa o
uu l f m teoh r ieo ao ew y r rT el eu alw
sal r h te s
y o
d f n - a mio. h i -p l s
r
n
o
tewtes osera p o l a dc mp r teera p o l wt
h i s t e e l e pe n o ae h s e l e pe i
n
h
hs moy fh p rertr a p aa c. h e e i es a se
ime r o te ep t o’ p e rn e T e y wt s c n e
a s
n
teh ih, eg tb d ln u g , n des f a hidv u lh
h eg tw ih, o y a g a e a d rs o e c n id a; e
i
c nsetew y h y aka dass ter e a o, ..w eh r
a e h a te w l n ses h id me n reg, h te
e n t i th l ro a ges e n lr
an
o
v
n t
te aeme ka ds r ga tef o, r g rsi a dgaiga
hy r
temio.
h
rr
r

5. C
ONS IU I
TT TONA LMISON
LI T
I E II A I P OC D R S
D NTFC TON R E U E
P ooary a dl eu s scmpy i teD ePo es lue
h t r s n i -p mut o lwt h u rcs Ca s
a
n
h
o teC ntuin T eS pe C ut a d tr n dta a
fh o stt . h u rme o rh s eemie h t n
i o
ie ti t npo e uev lts u po es h nii“n eesry
d nic i rcd r i ae d e rcs w e ts u n csai
fa o
o
l
sg ete a dce ts “u s nili o mid nict n”
u g sv” n rae a sbt t r k f s e ti i .
i
a a s
i
fa o

6. GR ND T
OU S O
C A L NGEA
H LE
P OT A R Y
H O RA
I E II A I
D NTFC TON
D p n igo tec c ms n e, u ru
e e dn n h i u t c s n meo s
r
a
fc r mih ma eap ooary n e es ry
at s g t k
o
h t r u n c sai
a
l
s g et ea dce t as b tnili o
u g sv n rae u s t r k f
i
a a s
mid nic t n F r x mpe
s e ti i . o e a l:
i
fa o
T ep ooo tessets ud tdo d e n te rsn h w tesset omal
h h t fh up c io tae r o s o rpee t o h up c n r l
y
a p as eg,h sset sal w as h ud re ghh ia dt oo tred y
p e r – ..te up c uu l e r so le- n t ar n w rhe a s
y
l
o fc ltb l, u tep ooi teary h w ac a -u idv u l i n fc l
fa i s be b th h t n h r so s l nc tn id a wt o a i
a u
a
e
i
h
a
hi
ar
.
T ep oois u l eteoh r h ts h th wtes a n t epb t o c d ta
h h t s o ni h te p oo ta te i s c n o h l u c n l e h t
k
n
u
ted tcv it igt tlhm smehn . h d c y h tga h otnaemu
h eet e s r n o el i o tig T e eo p oo rp s f
i
y
e r
g
sos Itesset a n vr e nars do in rcn mu so eis tep oo
h t fh up c h s ee b e r t rf o ee t g h t x t h h t
.
ee
s,
i teary y o f m a y u e o sucs eg, sh o p ooo av c t n
n h r ma c me r
a
o n n mb r f o re, ..a c o l h t r a ai
o
p oo
h t.
T esmep oo rp o a oh r h tga ho tesset a ic d di moeta
h a
h tga h r n te p oo rp fh up c w snl e n r h n
u
o ep ooaryT eo sra t i es i cnc uln t terp tin w i te
n h t r . h bev n wt s wl o si s oe h e eio , hl h
a
n
l
o y
t
e
ls o sra t i es y u cnc ulb g ie b i
es bev n wt s ma sbo si s e ud d yt
n
o y
.

7. GR ND T
OU S O
C A L NGEA
H LE
LNEU
I -P
I E II A I
D NTFC TON
An mb r fatr ma u d r n te
u e o fc s y n emie h
o
rl bly f l eu ie ti t nt sc
ei i o a i -p d nic i o u h
a i
t
n
fa o
ad ge a t v lt tesset d e
e re so i ae h up c s u
o
’
poes ihsF r xmpe
rcs r t o ea l:
g .
T ed c y i tel eu d n t e ee teb s d sr t no tesset
h eo sn h i -p o o me t vn h ai eci i fh up c
n
c
po
.
( tn ted c y ru c nis f h ee h p e s ob i lc-pa tet .
Of ,h eo go p o s t o w o vr a p n t e n o ku th i )
e
s
me
T el eu o c r mo ts f rh alg dci .
h i -p cus nh at te l e r
n
e
e
me
T el higc n io s r df rn f m toea teci se e
h i t o dt n ae iee tr h s th r
g n
i
f
o
me cn .
T ew tes e lpes rdt c o s s me n , i nalh t u l ted tc v
h i s fes rsue o h o e o o e gv
n
e lte r be h ee t e
o
i
o v u l w n t i arn igtel eu .
b i s e to n r gn h i -p
o y
a
n
h i s iu n re t en n h a
n
o m s h up c a d uh s ho g
T ewtess n ev da b igi tesmero a tesset n rse tru h
tepo es og tt v r i a q i l a p sil.
h rcs t e io e wt s uc y s os e
h
k
b
T ewtes a se tesset rv ul i ap ooary
h i s h s e n h up c pei s n h t r .
n
o y
a

8. TL T A
AK O N
E P RE E
X E INC D
C I NA
RMI L
D F NS
EE E
A T NE
T OR Y
D n t n eet t tep r ai p w r f n
o o u d rsmae h es s e o e o a
i
u v
e e i esd nic t n Tl t a ep r n e
y wt s ie ti i .ak o n x ei cd
n
fa o
e
ci n l ee s atre. e e dn o y u
r a d fne t n yD p n ig n o r
mi
o
su t n y u atre ma b a l t h v te
i ai , o r t n y y e be o a e h
t o
o
ie ti t nsp rse ( rw o t Itejd e
d nic i u pesd t o n u) fh u g
fa o
h
.
alw teie ti t nt s n , o r t re
l s h d nic i o t d y u at n y
o
fa o
a
o
c na ges ey rs-x mieted tcv a d
a g rsi l cosea n h eet e n
v
i
n
i
tewtes tr lt ma epanfrh jr h w
h i s a ta,o k li o te uy o
tepo es a sg et ea dteie ti t n
h rcs w s u g sv n h d nic i
i
fa o
iu rl be
s nei l.
a