The correct order of the path of sound is:
1. Sound waves enter the external ear canal.
2. The sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate.
3. The vibrations are transmitted through the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) in the middle ear.
4. The stapes vibrates the oval window of the cochlea.
5. This creates pressure waves in the fluid inside the cochlea.
So the full path is: external ear canal → eardrum → ossicles → oval window → cochlea fluid
3. Which of the following are examples of
exteroceptors?
a) Vision respond to stimuli from
b) Pain outside the body
c) Smell
d) Temperature
e) All of the Above
4. Which of the following are examples of
visceroceptors?
a) Chemical stimuli respond to stimuli
b) Deep pressure arising within the body
c) Pain
d) Both A and B
e) Smell
5. Which of the following are examples of
proprioceptors?
a) muscle spindles respond to muscle or
b) golgi tendon organs tendon stretch and help
c) pacinian corpuscles the body monitor body
position
d) All of the above
6. What are examples of
mechanoreceptors?
a) Pressure respond to a
b) Touch mechanical stimulus
c) Stretch
d) Hearing
e) All of the above
7. Which are examples of
chemoreceptors?
a) All of the above respond to various
b) Glucose chemicals
c) Hormones
d) Oxygen
e) Carbon Dioxide
8. Which of the following are examples of
thermoreceptors?
a) Heat and cold Stimuli that respond to
b) Sand and water the change in
c) Swamps and wetlands temperature
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
9. Which will set off nociceptors?
a) Pneumonia pain receptors from any
b) Dust noxious stimulus
c) Onions
d) Sulfuric Acid
e) None of the above
10. What are examples of photoreceptors?
a) Vision respond to light
b) Touch
c) Smell
d) Pain
e) None of the above
11. Which of these explain Free nerve
endings?
a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to
any specific sensory receptor
b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is moved
c) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting
tactile endorgans.
d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end
organs with a connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the
dermis of the hand and foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the
lips, the mucous membrane of the tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva,
and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single nerve fiber penetrates
each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends as a globular
mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.
e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.
f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.
g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the
tendons of mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli
responsible for the lengthening reaction.
12. Which of these explain root hair
plexuses?
a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to
any specific sensory receptor
b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is moved
c) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting
tactile endorgans.
d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end
organs with a connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the
dermis of the hand and foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the
lips, the mucous membrane of the tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva,
and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single nerve fiber penetrates
each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends as a globular
mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.
e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.
f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.
g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the
tendons of mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli
responsible for the lengthening reaction.
13. Which of these explain merkel disk?
a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to any
specific sensory receptor
b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is moved
c) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting tactile
endorgans.
d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end organs with
a connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the dermis of the hand and
foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the lips, the mucous membrane of the
tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva, and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single
nerve fiber penetrates each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends
as a globular mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.
e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.
f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.
g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the tendons of
mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli responsible for the
lengthening reaction.
14. Which of these explain meissner
corpuscle?
a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to any
specific sensory receptor
b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is moved
c) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting tactile
endorgans.
d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end organs with
a connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the dermis of the hand and
foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the lips, the mucous membrane of the
tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva, and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single
nerve fiber penetrates each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends
as a globular mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.
e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.
f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.
g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the tendons of
mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli responsible for the
lengthening reaction.
15. Which of these explain pacinian
corpuscle?
a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to any
specific sensory receptor
b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is moved
c) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting tactile
endorgans.
d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end organs with
a connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the dermis of the hand and
foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the lips, the mucous membrane of the
tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva, and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single
nerve fiber penetrates each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends
as a globular mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.
e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.
f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.
g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the tendons of
mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli responsible for the
lengthening reaction.
16. Which of these explain muscle
spindles?
a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to any
specific sensory receptor
b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is moved
c) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting tactile
endorgans.
d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end organs with
a connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the dermis of the hand and
foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the lips, the mucous membrane of the
tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva, and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single
nerve fiber penetrates each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends
as a globular mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.
e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.
f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.
g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the tendons of
mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli responsible for the
lengthening reaction.
17. Which of these explain golgi tendon
organs?
a) microscopic sensory nerve endings in the skin that are not connected to any
specific sensory receptor
b) Nerve that is stimulated each time the hair is moved
c) found in the basal layer of the epidermis; believed to act as slow-acting tactile
endorgans.
d) any one of a number of small, special pressure-sensitive sensory end organs with
a connective tissue capsule and tiny stacked plates in the dermis of the hand and
foot, the front of the forearm, the skin of the lips, the mucous membrane of the
tongue, the palpebral conjunctiva, and the skin of the mammary papilla. A single
nerve fiber penetrates each oval capsule, spirals through the interior, and ends
as a globular mass. Also called tactile corpuscle.
e) cutaneous mechanoreceptors that sense pressure and stretch.
f) A stretch receptor found in vertebrate muscle.
g) any of the mechanoreceptors arranged in series with muscle in the tendons of
mammalian muscles, being the receptors for stimuli responsible for the
lengthening reaction.
20. Fill in the blank
• An _________ is a small contact site on
certain neural cells that is used for
processing odorants. Odorants are a) Olfactory pathway
chemical signatures that are shed by most
substances and creatures. These molecular
b) Olfactory receptors
chemicals are more commonly referred to c) Smell
as "smells." The receptors are located on
olfactory receptor cells, which are present d) Muscle spindles
in very large numbers (millions) and are
clustered within a small area in the back of
the nasal cavity, forming an olfactory
epithelium. Each receptor cell has a single
external process that extends to the
surface of the epithelium and gives rise to
a number of long, slender extensions
called cilia. The cilia are covered by the
mucus of the nasal cavity, facilitating the
detection of and response to odor
molecules by olfactory receptors.
21.
22. What is this describing?
• Olfactory system is very sensitive. As few as four
odorants molecules can activate an olfactory receptor. a) Olfactory
However, the activation of an afferent fiber does not
guarantee an awareness of the stimulus. Axons leaving pathways
the olfactory epithelium collect into 20 or more bundles
that penetrate the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone b) Olfatory
to reach the olfactory bulbs of the cerebrum where the receptors
first synapse occurs. Efferent fibers form nuclei
elsewhere in the brain also innervate neurons of the c) Smell
olfactory bulbs. Axon leaving the olfactory bulb travel
along the olfactory tract to reach the olfactory cortex, d) Muscle Spindles
the hypothalamus and portion of the limbic system.
Olfactory stimulation is the only type of sensory
information that reaches the cerebral cortex directly; all
other sensations are relayed from processing centers in
the thalamus. The parallel distribution of olfactory
information to the limbic system and hypothalamus
explains the profound emotional and behavioral
responses, as well as the memories, that can be triggered
by certain smells.
23. Comparison between humans and
Canine
The structure of a dog's nose gives it a sense of smell that is thousands of
times better than a human being's. A dog's nose has two hundred million
nasal olfactory receptors. Each receptor detects and identifies the minute
odor molecules that are constantly flying off different objects.
Of all a dog's senses, its sense of smell is the most highly developed. Dogs
have about 25 times more olfactory (smell) receptors than humans do.
These receptors occur in special sniffing cells deep in a dog's snout and are
what allow a dog to "out-smell" humans.
Dogs can sense odors at concentrations nearly 100 million times lower
than humans can. They can detect one drop of blood in five quarts of
water! Sniffing the bare sidewalk may seem crazy, but it yields a wealth of
information to your dog, whether it's the scent of the poodle next door or
a whiff of the bacon sandwich someone dropped last week.
When a dog breathes normally, air doesn't pass directly over the smell
receptors. But when the dog takes a deep sniff, the air travels all the way
to the smell receptors, near the back of the dog's snout. So for a
dog, sniffing is a big part of smelling.
25. Fill in the blank
• _______ are sensory a) Taste buds
organs that are found on b) Ears
your tongue and allow c) Neurotransmitters
you to experience the
tastes sweet, salty, sour, d) Nose
and bitter. The receptor e) None of the above
cells located in your
tastes buds send
messages through
sensory nerves to your
brain. Your brain then
tells you what flavors you
are tasting.
27. Which explains the outer ear?
a) consists of two major elements: the external flange of
the ear also known as the pinna and the ear canal.
b) is terminated by the eardrum, which separates the
outer ear from the middle ear
c) projects from the side of the head at an angle of 30°
to the occipital scalp
d) is the eardrum of an ear simplifies incoming air
pressure waves to a single channel of amplitude. In
the inner ear, the distribution of vibrations along the
length of the basilar membrane is detected by hair
cells.
28. Which of these explain the ear canal?
a) consists of two major elements: the external flange of
the ear also known as the pinna and the ear canal.
b) is terminated by the eardrum, which separates the
outer ear from the middle ear
c) projects from the side of the head at an angle of 30°
to the occipital scalp
d) is the eardrum of an ear simplifies incoming air
pressure waves to a single channel of amplitude. In
the inner ear, the distribution of vibrations along the
length of the basilar membrane is detected by hair
cells.
29. Which of these explain the pinna?
a) consists of two major elements: the external flange of
the ear also known as the pinna and the ear canal.
b) is terminated by the eardrum, which separates the
outer ear from the middle ear
c) projects from the side of the head at an angle of 30°
to the occipital scalp
d) is the eardrum of an ear simplifies incoming air
pressure waves to a single channel of amplitude. In
the inner ear, the distribution of vibrations along the
length of the basilar membrane is detected by hair
cells.
30. Which of these explain the hearing
mechanism?
a) consists of two major elements: the external flange of
the ear also known as the pinna and the ear canal.
b) is terminated by the eardrum, which separates the
outer ear from the middle ear
c) projects from the side of the head at an angle of 30°
to the occipital scalp
d) is the eardrum of an ear simplifies incoming air
pressure waves to a single channel of amplitude. In
the inner ear, the distribution of vibrations along the
length of the basilar membrane is detected by hair
cells.
31. What is the correct order of the path
of sound?
a) external canal, vibrates eardrum, vibration moves
through ossicles, stapes vibrates oval window of
cochlea, creates pressure wave in the fluid inside
b) Vibration moves through ossicles, external canal,
creates pressure wave in the fluid inside, stapes
vibrates oval window of cochlea, vibrates eardrum
c) stapes vibrates oval window of cochlea, creates
pressure wave in the fluid inside, external canal,
vibrates eardrum, vibration moves through ossicles
d) None of the above
33. What does this describe?
• The sense organs a) The ear canal
associated with your b) Vestibular sense
sense of balance or c) Posterior canal
equilibrium are found in
the vestibule and d) None of the above
semicircular canals. e) Sense of balance
There are two types of
equilibrium, static
equilibrium and
dynamic equilibrium.
Static equilibrium
34. Fill in the blank
• ________is a system in a) Dynamic equilibrium
a steady state since b) Systematic equilibrium
forward reaction and c) Taste
backward reaction
occur at the same rate. d) Balanced equilibrium
e) None of the above
36. The Eye
• The human eyeball is about 0.9 in (24 mm) in diameter and is not perfectly
round, being slightly flattened in the front and back. The eye consists of three
layers: the outer fibrous or sclera, the middle uveal or choroid layer, and the
inner nervous layer or retina. Internally the eye is divided into two cavities—
the anterior cavity filled with the watery aqueous fluid, and the posterior cavity
filled with gel-like vitreous fluid. The internal pressure inside the eye (the
intraocular pressure) exerted by the aqueous fluid supports the shape of the
anterior cavity, while the vitreous fluid holds the shape of the posterior
chamber. An irregularly shaped eyeball results in ineffective focusing of light
onto the retina and is usually correctable with glasses or contact lenses. An
abnormally high intraocular pressure, due to overproduction of aqueous fluid
or to the reduction in its outflow through a duct called the canal of Schlemm,
produces glaucoma, a usually painless and readily treatable condition, which
may lead to irreversible blindness if left untreated. Elevated intraocular
pressure is easily detectable with a simple, sight-saving, pressure test during
routine eye examinations. The ophthalmic arteries provide the blood supply to
the eyes, and the movement of the eyeballs is facilitated by six extraocular
muscles which run from the bony orbit which insert the sclera, part of the
fibrous tunic.
38. What process helps in creating Retinal
Image Foundation?
a) refraction of light rays
b) accommodation of the lens
c) constriction of the pupil
d) convergence of the eyes
e) None of the above
f) All of the above
39. What are photopigments?
a) light sensitive compounds and can all be broken down
into glycoprotein opsin and vitamin A a derivative called
retinal
b) highly light sensitive, light causes the opsin to expand.
When opsin and retinal open a process called bleaching
takes place and active sites cause actions potentional to
be created in the cell. The objects are seen in shades of
grey until the opsin is back to its original shape. Red,
green, and blue reflect light rays of a different wavelength.
c) less sensitive to light and rods so brighter light is
necessary in order for them to breakdown
d) None of the above
40. What are rods?
a) light sensitive compounds and can all be broken down
into glycoprotein opsin and vitamin A a derivative called
retinal
b) highly light sensitive, light causes the opsin to expand.
When opsin and retinal open a process called bleaching
takes place and active sites cause actions potentional to
be created in the cell. The objects are seen in shades of
grey until the opsin is back to its original shape.
Red, green, and blue reflect light rays of a different
wavelength.
c) less sensitive to light and rods so brighter light is
necessary in order for them to breakdown
d) None of the above
41. What are cones?
a) light sensitive compounds and can all be broken down
into glycoprotein opsin and vitamin A a derivative called
retinal
b) highly light sensitive, light causes the opsin to expand.
When opsin and retinal open a process called bleaching
takes place and active sites cause actions potentional to
be created in the cell. The objects are seen in shades of
grey until the opsin is back to its original shape.
Red, green, and blue reflect light rays of a different
wavelength.
c) less sensitive to light and rods so brighter light is
necessary in order for them to breakdown
d) None of the above
42. Why don’t deer see hunters in bright
orange?
a) Deer do not have red sensitive cone cells in
their eyes, so they cant tell red or orange
from green and brown
b) They are stupid
c) are blind to bright colors
d) None of the above
43. What is the difference between “nearsighted” and
“farsighted”? How are each of these connected?
a) Nearsighted means someone is able to see
things close to them but not from far away,
and farsighted means someone is able to see
from a distance better than up close. Both
can be corrected either through Lasix eye
surgery, contacts and or glasses.
• Is this true or false
a) T
b) F
