2. Chapter 2 Observing and Recording Behavior

3. Behavioral Assessment Measuring the behavior targeted for change

4. A Behavioral Assessment will:

5. Behavioral Assessment Example

8. Recording Behavior Recording Behavior

10. Defining the Target Behavior 1 Describe what the person does and says – AVOID LABELS

11. Defining the Target Behavior 2 Use active verbs that are objective and unambiguous

12. Defining the Target Behavior 3 Do not use inferences about internal states or motivation Teacher may define bad attitude as being rude . Rolls eyes Doesn’t use please and thank you Turns away when spoken to How can you define rude more behaviorally?

13. Defining the Target Behavior 4 Defined so that two people agree When the behavior is defined behaviorally two people can observe the same behavior and agree the behavior occurred. It is called interobserver reliability (IOR) or interobserver agreement

14. Logistics of Recording Identify Who When Where

15. Logistics of Recording WHO

16. Logistics of Recording WHEN Must get permission especially if it occurs without the clients knowledge Observational periods must be defined Dependent on: when the behavior is likely to occur availability of observers constraints imposed by activities of the client

17. Logistics of Recording WHERE Record in contrived settings Record in natural settings Structured vs unstructured

18. Recording Method Frequency = the number of times the behavior occurs in an observation period Continuous Recording Real time recording = exact time of the onset and offset of the target behavior is recorded Duration = total amount of time occupied by the behavior Intensity = amount of force, energy, or exertion involved in the behavior Latency = the time from some stimulus event to the onset of the behavior

19. Recording Method Product Recording Record the tangible outcome or permanent product of the occurrence of the behavior

20. Recording Method Interval Recording Record the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the behavior in consecutive intervals of time during an observation period.

21. Recording Method Time Sample Recording Record the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the behavior in discontinuous intervals of time (time samples) during an observation period.

22. Recording Instrument The data sheet is the most commonly used instrument in behavioral research Recording must be immediate and practical

23. Recording Instrument Other methods of observation:

24. Dealing with Reactivity Record surreptitiously through observation windows or with participant observers Wait until the person being observed becomes accustomed to the observer or to self-monitoring

25. Calculating Interobserver Reliability IOR