The document discusses different types of motherboards and their components. It describes motherboards based on the devices they support like integrated vs non-integrated, form factors like AT and ATX, and uses like desktop, laptop and server. It explains the main components of a motherboard like the CPU socket, memory slots, expansion slots, chipset, BIOS, CMOS battery, input-output connectors and power connectors. The document provides details on these different components and their functions in powering and connecting the various parts of a computer system.

1. INTRODUCTION OF
MOTHERBOARD
Presented By Janyabi Pandit

2.  Motherboard is a main (PCB) printed circuit board.
 Sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard,
system board or mobo.
 Where are all the components or devices are
connected directly and indirectly.
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3. 3

4. TYPES OF MOTHERBOARD
 TYPES OF MOTHERBOARD BASED ON
DEVICES THEY SUPPORT
1. Integrated motherboard
2. Non integrated motherboard
 TYPES OF MOTHERBOARD BASED ON FORM
FACTOR
1. AT
2. ATX
 TYPES MOTHERBOARD BASED ON USE
1. Desktop motherboard
2. Laptop Motherboard
3. Server motherboard
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5. INTEGRATED MOTHERBOARD
 The non-integrated motherboard has some integrated
components.
 For example, non integrated system board may allow you
to upgrade the video card by removing the old one and
installing a new one. Non integrated motherboard typicaly
have several PCI expansion slots as well.
 It is partially integrated.
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NON-INTEGRATED MOTHERBOARD
 An integrated system board has multiple
components integrated into the board itself. These
may include the CPU video card , sound card and
various controller cards.

6. ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY (AT)
 At motherboard is a motherboard which has
dimensions of the order of some hundred
millimeters, big enough to be unable to fit in
mini desktop.
 It was used in 1980s
 Developed by IBM
 Discontinued after development of ATX.
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7. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY EXTENDED
(ATX)
 ATX is the most common motherboard form factor
that’s used today.
 Created in 1995 by Intel
 An improvement from the previously working
motherboard such as AT.
 It is a standard motherboard form
factor.
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8. DESKTOP MOTHERBOARD
 Desktop motherboard are used in personal or
desktop computer. As it is used for application at
home and in office, this type of motherboard is the
most basic type.
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9. LAPTOP MOTHERBOARD
 Laptop motherboard is used to connect different
parts of a laptop system. These motherboard
generally have very advanced features as
compared to the desktop motherboard and most of
the functions have been integrated into the laptop
motherboard.
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10. SERVER MOTHERBOARD
 Server motherboard are more advanced then
desktop motherboard and are designed to offer
high -end service which are more reliable and ready
to operate in 24*7 environments.
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11. Main Components of Motherboard
• CPU Socket
• Memory Slots
• Expansion slots
• Chipset
• BIOS
• CMOS
• Input-Output Connectors
• Power Connectors
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12. CPU SOCKET
A CPU socket or CPU slot is a
mechanical component(s) that
provides mechanical and
electrical connections between
a microprocessor (CPU) and a printed
circuit board (PCB).
Common sockets have retention
clips that apply a constant
force, which must be overcome
when a device is inserted. 12

13. MEMORY SLOTS
A memory slot, memory socket, or
RAM slot is what allows computer
memory (RAM) to be inserted into the
computer. Depending on the
motherboard, there will usually be 2
to 4 memory slots (sometimes more on
high-end motherboards) and are what
determine the type of RAM used with
the computer.
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14. There are 3 types of memory that currently popular
used in the PC,
1. RD RAM
2. DDR RAM
3. SD RAM
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Memory Socket (DIMM PORT)

15.  RDRAM Memory
-Used in Pentium 4 motherboard
- 2 Notches
-highest performance and is most expensive.
 DDR ram
-128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB.
-medium high performance and medium price.
 SDRAM
-lowest performance and lowest price.
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16. INSTALLING A RAM ON A SINGLE CLIP DIMM
SOCKET
1. Press the retaining clip outward
to unlock the DIMM socket.
2. Align a RAM on a socket such
that the notch on the RAM
matches the DIMM slot key on
the socket.
3. Hold the RAM at both the ends
then insert the RAM into the
socket. Apply force to both ends
of the RAM simultaneously until
the retaining clip clicks into
place and the RAM is seated
securely in place.
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17. REMOVING A RAM FROM A DIMM SOCKET
1. Press the retaining
clip outward to
unlock the RAM.
2. Remove the RAM
from the socket.
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18. EXPANSION SLOTS
Expansion slots are compartments into which
expansion cards can be inserted. These are cards
that give the computer new features or increased
performance.
There are several types of slots:
1. ISA slots (Industry Standard Architecture): For
inserting ISA slots. The slowest ones are 16-bit.
2. PCI slot (Peripheral Component InterConnect):
used for connecting PCI cards, which are much
faster than ISA cards and run on 32 bits.
3. AGP slot (Accelerated Graphic Port): A fast port
for a graphics card.
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19. CHIPSET
 A chipset is a set of electronic
components in an integrated
circuit that manages the data
flow between the processor,
memory and peripherals.
 The chipset plays a crucial role in determining
system performance.
 Chipsets are usually designed to work with a
specific family of microprocessors. Because it
controls communications between the processor
and external devices, the chipset plays a crucial
role in determining system performance.
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20.  North bridge is located in the northern or upper portion of the motherboard acted like a middle man
between CPU, PCI express bus and memory.
 The south bridge is located in the southern or lower portion of the motherboard was responsible for
Standard PCI slots, SATA connectors, USB ports and so on.
 In order to communicate with the lower interfaces it had to go thorugh the south bridge.
 In modern motherboard you will found PCH (Platform Controller Hub). This hub is the latest chipset
architecture that replaced the older architecture
 In older motherboard there is couple of chips on the motherboard called a chipset. There is North Bridge
chip and South Bridge chip.

21.  The function of North bridge is have been largely
integrated into the CPU. So the north bridge chip is
completely been eliminated.
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22.  And functions of south bridge are now done entirely
by the platform controller hub chip
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23. BIOS
 The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is the basic
program used as an interface between the
operating system and the motherboard.
 When the system is powered on, then the system
needs to get started by loading the operating
system. But where is the operating system present.
It is present in the hard disk. So somebody needs
to tell that where is OS located. This is done by
BIOS.
 It checks that all the most important and necessary
components for eg. Memory is present or not.
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24. CMOS BATTERY
 Complementary metaloxide- semiconductor
(CMOS)
 CMOS battery which keeps the clock running even
when the power is down. This leads to correct time
even when we power on the machine after a long
time.
 Nonvolatile BIOS memory refers to a small memory
on PC motherboards
that is used to store BIOS
settings.
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25. INPUT-OUTPUT
CONNECTORS
• A serial port, for connecting old peripherals.
• A parallel port, mainly for connecting old printers.
• USB ports (1.1, low-speed, or 2.0, high-speed), for
connecting more recent peripherals.
• RJ45 connector (called LAN or ethernet port) used for
connecting the computer to a network. It corresponds to
a network card integrated into the motherboard.
• VGA connector (called SUB-D15), for connecting a
monitor. This connector interfaces with the built-in
graphics card.
• Audio plugs (Line-In, Line-Out and microphone), for
connecting sound speakers or a hi-fi system, as well as
a microphone. This connector interfaces with the built-in
sound card. 25

26. 26

27. POWER CONNECTORS
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28. GPU (VIDEO CARD)
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29. PSU (POWER SUPPLY UNIT)
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30. COOLING FAN OF LAPTOP

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32. 32
CPU
SOCKET
MEMORY
SLOTS
EXPANSION
SLOTS
SATA
CONNECTORS
CMOS
BATTERY
HEAT
SINK
M.2 CONNECTOR
MOTHERBOARD POWER
SUPPLY CONNECTOR
INPUT/ OUTPUT
INTERFACES
PROCESSOR
POWER
SUPPLY
CONNECTOR

33. MICROPROCESSOR
 Microprocessor is an electronic circuit that functions as the central
processing unit (CPU) of a computer, providing computational
control.
 The Microprocessor, (or CPU), is the brain of the computer.
 Microprocessor is the core of the system.
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