BASIC COMMUNICATION - TYPES - IMPORTANCE

1. HS210:
LIFE SKILLS
Mohammed Jasir PV
Asst. Professor
Department of Management Studies
ICET

2. Syllabus
• Communication Skill: Introduction to Communication, The
Process of Communication, Barriers to Communication
• Listening Skills, Writing Skills, Technical Writing, Letter
Writing, Job Application, Report Writing,
• Non-verbal Communication and Body Language, Interview
Skills,
• Group Discussion, Presentation Skills, Technology-based
Communication.

5. HSD & SSD
• Both are essential and learnt formally and informally
• Both are valuable in the job market for absorption, retention,
and promotion
• Creates optimum outcome and efficiency

7. Common topics in SSD or Day-to-day SSD
• Communication
• Awareness
• Body Language
• Commitment
• Fairness in Dealing
• Good attitude
• Common sense
• Creativity
• Decision Making
• Interviews
• Morality
• Motivation
• Presentation
• Leadership Quality
• Smartness
• Team work

8. Elements of Communication
• Definition
• Communication process
• Communication types
• Communication barriers

9. COMMUNICATION
• Communication (from Latin "communis", meaning to share)
is the activity of conveying information through the exchange
of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals,
signals, writing, or behavior.

10. It is a process of exchanging –
Information
Ideas
Thoughts
Feelings
Emotions
Through –
Speech
Signals
Writing
Behavior
what is ???

11. Process of
Communication

13. Communication Networks
• The pattern of contacts among the members of the
organisation and flow of information among them is
communication network.

14. Some Popular Networks are:
• Vertical Communication
• Circuit Communication
• Chain of Command
• Wheel Network
• Star Network

15. Upward
Downward
Vertical Communication
Wheel Networks

16. Chain of Command
Star Networks

17. Circuit Communication

18. Types of Communication
Level of
Communication
Based on
Flow Means, Kinds, Manners,
Forms etc.
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Mass
Extrapersonal
Horizontal
Vertical
Diagonal
Paralinguistic
Extralinguistic
NonVerbal
Verbal

19. Based on Level of Communication
• Intrapersonal Communication
• Interpersonal Communication
• Small Group Communication
• One-to-group Communication
• Extra Personal.
• Mass Communication

20. Intrapersonal Communication
is communication that occurs in your
own mind. It is the basis of your
feelings, biases, prejudices, and beliefs.
Interpersonal communication is the
communication between two people
but can involve more in informal
conversations.

21. One-to-group communication involves
a speaker who seeks to inform,
persuade or motivate an audience
Small Group communication
is communication within formal or
informal groups or teams

22. Extra Personal. is that way of
communication in which a human
interacts with other species.
Mass communication is the
electronic or print transmission of
messages to the general public.

23. Based on flow
Horizontal
Communication
Vertical Communication
Diagonal
Communication

24. Horizontal communication is the
transmission of information between people,
divisions, departments or units within the same
level of organizational hierarchy.
“Vertical communication is a flow of
information up and down the organizations
hierarchy.”

25. Diagonal Communication The sharing
of information among different structural levels within
a business.

26. Based on Means, Kinds, Manners, Forms etc.
Paralinguistic
Extra linguistic
Verbal
Non Verbal

27. 1. PARALINGUISTIC
• Paralinguistic features are non-verbal vocal cues that help
you to give urgency to your voice.
• Your voice is your trademark; it is that part of yourself
that adds human touch to your words.
Characteristics
• Quality
• Volume
• Pace/Rate
• Pitch
• Articulation
•Tone
•Pronunciation
•Voice modulation
•Pauses
•Punctuation marks

29. 2. Extra Linguistic –
signs and Signals

30. Verbal Communication
Verbal communication is the use of sounds and words to
express yourself
“KISS” (keep it short and simple).
Oral Communication -Oral communication implies
communication through mouth. It includes individuals
conversing with each other, be it direct conversation or
telephonic conversation.
Written Communication:
Written communication involves any type of
interaction that makes use of the written word.

31. Verbal
Speech
OralPresentations
Seminar
Meetings
Oral Written
GD/Interview
Formal Informal
Letter
Minutes
Memo
Report
Formal Informal
Grapevine

32. Oral Communication
• Speech: a spoken expression of ideas, opinions, etc made by
someone who is speaking in front of a group of people
• Oral Presentation: means delivering an address to a public
audience. It also refers to public speaking and/or speech-
making
• Seminar: a meeting in which you receive information on and
training in a particular subject.
• An interview is a conversation where questions are asked and
answers are given
• Meeting: Formal or informal deliberative assembly of
individuals called to debate certain issues and problems, and
to take decisions

33. Written Communication
• Letter: a written, typed, or printed communication, sent in an
envelope by post or messenger.
• Meeting minutes are the written or recorded documentation that is
used to inform attendees and non-attendees about what was
discussed and what happened during a meeting
• Memorandums short form memo. a written message in business
• Report: An official document given on a particular matter, after
thorough investigation or consideration by an appointed person or
body.

34. To hear something through the grapevine is to learn of something informally and unofficially
by means of gossip or rumor
GRAPE VINE COMMUNICATION

35. Look at the conversation between two employees of an MNC
Mark, have you
heard the latest
news? No John, What?
Samuel is going to step down very
soon from the position of VP
(Operations). Do you know who is
going to take his place?
No! Who?
Richard Stark
No way! Why him
of all the people?
It seems he has pulled
the right strings to get
the position.
Yes, this I got to
tell my team-
mates.

36. What is Grapevine Communication?
Grapevine Communication
is an informal channel of
business communication
Grapevine is called so
because it spreads at all
levels irrespective of the
authority level.
Though formal channels exist, the
informal channels develops when
people interact with others in an
organization.
It is mostly found in low
levels of an organization
Grapevine cannot be used as
formal communication channel.
It provides a channel for issues.

37. Advantages of Grapevine Communication
Speedy spread of information
Receipt of fast feedback
Sense of unity
Provides emotional support
Free expression of ideas

38. According to
Albert Mehrabian,
communication model consists of three
elements:
•Words spoken – that which is literally
being said
•Non verbal – how something is said
(use of voice)
•Body language – which posture, facial
expressions and gestures someone uses
3 V’s: verbal, vocal and visual.

39. Non Verbal
kinesics
Proximics
Chronomics
Haptics
Artifacts
Vocalics
Environment

40. Nonverbal communication
“Actions Speak Louder Than Words”
Good communication is the foundation of
any successful relationship, be it personal
or professional. It's important to recognize
that it's our nonverbal communication—
our facial expressions, gestures, eye
contact, posture, and tone of voice—that
speaks the louder.

41. I. Kinesics
• The word kinesics comes from the root word kinesis, which
means “movement,” and refers to the study of hand, arm,
body, and face movements.
• Also Called Body Language.

42. Elements in Kinesics
• Gestures
• Eye contact
• Facial Expression
• Posture
• Head Movements

43. Gestures - Classification
Emblems: Gestures which are substitute for
words
Illustrators: Nonverbal gestures that complement what
a speaker is saying

44. Affect Displays: Facial expressions
and gestures that reveals emotions.
Adaptors: Gestures that reflects one
persons emotional state.
Regulators: Facial expressions or
gestures that are used to control or
regulate the flow of a conversation
Used by Students
– Hair twirling
– Scratching
– Ear pulling
– Forehead rubbing

45. Facial Expression Is The Strongest
Non Verbal Communicator
Of the face the eye communicates more than any other
feature.

46. Eye Contact
• The majority of people in the United States and other
Western cultures expect people to look them in the eye
when communicating.
• Japanese direct their gaze to a position around the Adam’s
apple.
• Chinese, Indonesians, and Mexicans lower their eyes as a
sign of deference.
• Arabs look intently into others’ eyes showing keen
interest.

47. In face to face communication eyes
plays a crucial role:
It serves various purposes
• Invites attention
• Facilitate Interaction
• Provide Instant Feed back
• Reflect the amount of interest
• Reveals sate of mind

48. Facial Expression
Expressions on the face are second to those of eyes in
communication.
It conveys certain state of mind and attitudes such as pleasure,
sadness, interest, boredom, anger, aggression etc.
The face is capable of conveying 250,000 expressions (Ray
Birdwhistle, 1970)

51. Smiling increases sociability, likeability, and
attraction(LaFrance & Hecht, 1995)
Food servers who smile more often earn increased tips
(Heslin & Patterson, 1982)
Studies conducted on students caught cheating found that
students who smiled were treated with more leniency
(LaFrance & Hecht, 1995)

52. Posture
The way in which an individual stand, sit and lie down
• In Western culture, an upright, yet relaxed body
posture, is associated with confidence, positivity,
high self esteem

53. Posture
• Expressions related to posture, gait
– “grow a spine”
– walking with a “spring in your step”
– “stand up for yourself”
– “stand up straight”
– “hold your head high”
– “don’t slouch.”
– “stand still”

56. Head Movements
Facilitates both talking and listening
• It can be used for expressing attitudes and
supporting oral communication

58. 2. Proxemics
• Coined by American Anthropologist E T Hall
It is the study of man’s appreciation and use of personal space
in communication

59. Intimate Zone (between 15 and 45 cm-
A person guards as if it were his own property. Only those who are
emotionally close to that person are permitted to enter it. This includes lovers,
parents, spouse, children, close friends and relatives. A sub Zone close intimate
zone<15 cm)
Personal Zone (between 46 cm and 1.22 m) -
This is the distance that we stand from others at cocktail parties, office parties,
social functions and friendly gatherings.
Social Zone (between 1.22m and 3.6 m) -
We stand at this distance from strangers, the plumber or carpenter doing
repairs around our home, the postman, the local shopkeeper, the new
employee at work and people whom we do not know very well.
Public Zone (over 3.6 m) -
Whenever we address a large group of people, this is the comfortable distance
at which we choose to stand.

61. 3. Haptics - Meaning Touch Behaviour
• Touching and being touched
are essential to a healthy life
• Touch can communicate
power, empathy,
understanding

63. Chronomics
How is time used to communicate?
Pace in speech
Quickness in movement
Punctuality
 What does it mean to you when someone is always late?
 A study conducted by Burgoon (1989) found that
people who arrive 15 minutes late are considered
dynamic, but much less competent, composed and
sociable than those that arrive on time.

64. Artifacts
Are physical objects, such as clothing, homes, and
cars, that indicate to others a person's personal
and social beliefs and habits.
• Material objects as an extension of oneself
• Clothing has the power to influence
• The situation governs appropriate dress

65. ENVIRONMENT

66. ENVIRONMENT
What we surround ourselves with
• The way we decorate our house tells others a lot about us
• The way we keep our work places/ class room

67. Environment is often used
to influence nonverbally
• Several researchers have found that
supermarkets strategically place products
Staples such as dairy, meat and produce are in the
back or on opposite sides of the store, in order to
force shoppers to meander through aisles where
they’ll be tempted to buy all kinds of other products

68. Barriers to Communication

69. • 1. Physical barriers
• 2. Perceptual barriers
• 3. Emotional barriers
4. Cultural barriers• 5. Language barriers
• Gender barriers