2. • The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that
requires the student to investigate a topic;
collect,generate and evaluate evidence; and establish a
position on the topic in a concise manner.
3. • Classical Argument
The most common type of argument
Present the main argument, state your opinion, and do your best to convince the reader why your stance is the right one. Also called Aristotelian, this is the most
popular strategy for making an argument because it’s the most simple line of thinking to follow. It’s effective when your audience doesn’t have a lot of information
or a strong opinion about your topic, as it outlines the facts clearly and concisely.
Toulmin Argument
This is used to analyze an argument
Present the problem, acknowledge the opposing side of the argument, state your point of view, and explain why yours is the most beneficial to the reader. This
type of argument is effective for polarizing topics, as it acknowledges both sides and presents the middle ground.
• Rogerian Argument
This is used to analyze an argument while providing a middle
ground between two parties.
Present your claim, present grounds to back up that claim, and then justify that the grounds are linked to the claim. This type of argument is also effective for
polarizing topics, but rather than present both sides, it presents one, hinging particularly on facts presented in a way that makes the claim difficult to argue with.
7. • When pointing out opposing arguments
Opponents of this idea claim/maintain that...
Those who disagree/are against these ideas may say/assert
that...
Some people may disagree with this idea...
• When stating specifically why they think like that
They claim that...since....
8. • Reaching the turning point
However
But
On the other hand,
9.
10. • Offer facts, reasons, and evidence to show the author’s
valid points
• Logic-based
• Acknowledges the opposing claims
• May compare ideas to establish a position
• Presents multiple sides but it is clear as to which is the
author’s side
• Always provide evidence with claims