1. Basic Research Design Understanding and Using the Designing a Research Project Worksheet
2. Major Parts of a Research Project 1) Overall Research Question 2) Type of Design 3) Setting 4) Participants 5) Variables 6) Hypotheses and Research Questions 7) Statistical Testing
3. Article Used in This Lecture Hungford, D. W. Williams, J. M., Furbee, P. M., Manley, W. G., Helmkamp, J. C., Horn, K., and Pollock, D. A. (2003). Feasibility of screening and intervention for alcohol problems among young adults in the ED. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 21 , 14-22.
5. Hungerford et al. study: Is it feasible to screen and perform a brief alcohol intervention with young adults in the ED?
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9. Ecological Study Use data collected about populations and compare them to other populations. No actual measure of exposure is done.
10. Ecological Fallacy Communities may differ in many factors, and one or more of these may be the underlying reason for difference in observed disease and death rates.
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13. Case Control Study Start with people who have a specific outcome (disease), and attempt to work backwards to find out if there was exposure to a hazard of interest.
14. Cohort Study Researcher observes health outcomes of a group that has potential exposure to a hazard over a period of time.
31. 2) How are you going to select/acquire participants? Hungerford et al. study: Participants who did not speak English, were combative, or were too drunk for participation were excluded from the study. All participants were recruited between the dates of August 1, 1998 to June 9, 1999.
32. 3) Do you need a letter of consent for participation? Hungerford et al. study: YES!!!
34. Dependent Variables The variable that is effected or not effected by another variable in a research study.
35. Independent Variables The variable that is being manipulated or examined in a study to see if it effects the dependent variable.
36. Example In a study by Wrench and Booth-Butterfield (2001), it was found that a physician’s humor orientation influenced her or his patient’s level of satisfaction.
37. What was the IV and DV? IV = Physician Humor Orientation DV = Patient Satisfaction
42. Research Questions and Hypotheses Research Questions (RQs): Questions that you want specifically answered through your data. Hypotheses (H): Predictions you make about data associations in your study based on previous research.
43. Activity Based on the DVs and IVs from the Hungerfold et al. study, can you identify any logical research questions to ask?
44. RQ1: Will there be a difference between the screen positive and negative participants and their post intervention alcohol moderation behavior? Hungerford et al. study:
45. RQ2: Will there be a difference between the legal and illegal alcohol consumers and their post intervention help-seeking behavior? RQ3: Will the ED staff see the screen Positive and Negative participants as being equally cooperative? RQ4: Will the ED staff see the legal and illegal alcohol consumers as being equally cooperative?
46. H3: The ED staff will see the screen negative participants as being more cooperative than screen positive participants. H4: The ED staff will see the legal alcohol consumers as being more cooperative than the illegal alcohol consumers.
47. Statistical Testing Once you know what your research questions / hypotheses and you know the level of measurement of your IVs and DVs, the statistical determination is very easy. See Picking a Test Handout
48. Prepared by: Jason S. Wrench, Ed. D. Medical Educational Specialist West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine
